A mineral is a naturally occuring, inorganic solid, with a spcific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure.
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Why is salt classified as a mineral, but sugar is not?
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Salt is mined, while sugar is grown. Therefore, salt is a mineral because it is inorganic and sugar is not a mineral because it is organic.
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Can minerals occur as liquids? Why or why not?
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Minerals cannot occur as liquids because by definition a mineral is a solid.
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Can the chemical composition is a single mineral vary? Explain your answer.
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The chemical composition of some minerals can vary, but only if the amounts of elements in them vary.
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What is a crystal?
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A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.
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How does forming in a restricted space affect the structure of a crystal?
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Forming in a restrictive space does not allow a crystal to form properly, resulting in a polar shape.
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What does the definite crystalline structure of a mineral consist of?
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Atoms arranged in regular, repeating,geometric pattern.
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Why are feldspars considered to be minerals even though their compositions vary?
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The composition of feldspars only changes within a very narrow range of temperatures at which it crystallizes. The range is specific to identify the variety accurately.
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Minerals can form from the cooling of magma. T/F
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True
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Density differences can force magma upward into cooler layers of Earth's interior. T/F
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True
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If magma cools slowly, atoms do not have time to arrange themselves into large crystals. T/F
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False
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Small crystals form from rapidly cooling magma. T/F
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True
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When liquid evaporates from a solution, the remaining elements cannot form crystals. T/F
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False
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Minerals can form from elements dissolved in a solution. T/F
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True
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If a solution remains unsaturated, mineral crystals may precipitate. T/F
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True
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Geologists use physical properties to identify minerals. For example, the ------ of mineral is caused by the presence of different trace elements. The way a mineral reflects light from its surface is called ------, which is described as metallic and nonmetallic. How a mineral feels to the touch is called -------.
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Color, luster, texture
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A mineral's ------ is the color of a mineral when it is broken up and powdered. A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched is called --------.
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Streak, hardness
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Another property describes how a mineral will break. If a mineral splits easily and evenly along one or more planes, it has the property of --------, while minerals that break along jagged edges are said to have --------. The density of a mineral is usually expressed as -------- -------, which is the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celsius.
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Cleavage, fracture, specific gravity
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Can all minerals produce a streak on a porcelain plate? Why or why not?
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Not all minerals can produce a streak on a porcelain plate, only those that are softer than a porcelain plate.
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Can minerals with cleavage have more than one cleavage plane? If so, give an example.
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Yes, minerals with cleavage can have more than one cleavage plane, such as halite.
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What is the difference between density and specific gravity?
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Density is the mass of a substance divided by its volume, while specific gravity is a way to measure density, which is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water a 4 degrees Celsius.
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How many minerals are represented on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness? What is the range of hardness of those minerals?
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10 minerals are represented on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. The range of hardness of those minerals is 1-10.
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Identification tests for minerals are based on their?
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Physical and chemical properties
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The appearance of milky Quartz is caused by?
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Trapped bubbles of gas and liquid
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A minerals's hardness with respect to other minerals can be determined by?
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The Mohs scale of mineral hardness
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Minerals break along planes where atomic bonds are?
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Weak
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Minerals, such as Quartz, that break along jagged edges are said to have?
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Fracture
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The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celsius is its?
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Specific gravity
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In double refraction, light is?
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Bent in two directions
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Which mineral bubbles when it comes in contact with hydrochloride acid because the calcite releases?
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Calcite
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Lodestone can pick up iron fillings. What special property does lodestone have?
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Magnetism
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