Chapter 8

Between 1819 and 1824, a series of Supreme Court decisions established the basic principle that

How did the character of the free black community shape the Philadelphia riot?

Of the following economic indicators describing conditions in Philadelphia, which one DECREASED from 1820 to 1860?

In 1805, in the case of Palmer v. Mulligan, the Court determined that

State governments promoted economic growth by

Which of the following values did self-help books emphasize in the early 1800s?

The women who came to Lowell for mill jobs were

The most important innovation of Francis Cabot Lowell's Waltham operation was to

Which of the following Founding Fathers was popularized in the 1830s as a model for hard work and education?

A dramatic rise in the concentration of wealth in the United States from 1820 to 1860

The concept of domesticity

For outworkers, the invention of the sewing machine in the 1850s

Unprecedented urban violence raged in American cities prior to the Civil War, fed by racial and immigrant tensions.

Mob actions sometimes lasted for days because there was no effective police to stop them.

Improved transportation in the 1840s and 1850s undermined the trend toward regional specialization.

Most European visitors to the United States in the 1830s considered Americans to be dull-witted and listless.

By the 1830s, all American states had adopted a plan of state-funded public education for children between 5 and 19 years of age.

By 1830, the northern states of __________ , Indiana, and southern Illinois were heavily settled.

In 1837, Illinois blacksmith __________ developed a new steel plow that rapidly became popular.

Among antebellum American inventions were the McCormick __________ , the Colt __________ , and Goodyear vulcanized __________ products.

For southern white women, Mary Boykin Chestnut regarded "the sorest spot" of slavery as the

All of the following describe the lives of free southern blacks EXCEPT

Between 1815 and 1860, southern production of cotton

Prior to 1830, southerners generally defended slavery as a

Free African Americans were likely to

The majority of slaves were engaged in

The lesson Frederick Douglass learned to survive slavery was to

The free black population of the United States increased from 1820 to 1860 because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

In which of the following industries did slaves work in Central and South America?

Which of the following groups of blacks did NOT compose the Catholic population of Baltimore and New Orleans?

The slave conspiracies of Gabriel in 1800 and Vesey in 1822 were both thwarted by

Which of the following southern cities had large free black communities?

By the 1830s, southerners became increasingly defensive concerning the institution of slavery, no longer claiming it as a "necessary evil" but defending it as a "positive good."

Slave cabins were crowded, usually housing more than one family.

After the congressional ban on the importation of slaves, the slave population in the United States steadily declined from 1808 to 1860

Large-plantation agriculture was a dominant force in the antebellum South, but most southern whites were not even slaveholders, much less large planters.

If the South had become an independent nation in 1860, it would have ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of per capita income.

Perhaps no issue in American history has generated quite as much controversy or as many interpretations as __________ , the "peculiar institution."

Black women from the Catholic order of the Sisters of the __________ started schools and ministered to the old and infirm among the free black community.

The African-American denomination called the __________ church grew enormously in the two decades before the Civil War.

In what physical areas did urban whites attempt to restrict free black mobility?

Laws to control the domestic slave trade were

The yeoman farmers of the South

Southerners migrated southwestward in huge numbers between 1830 and 1860, seeking new lands for the

For southern white women, Mary Boykin Chestnut regarded "the sorest spot" of slavery as the

Wealthy southern planters justified slavery in terms of white superiority because such a defense

Robert Francis Allston's chief concern as a slaveholder was to guard against his slaves'

The typical slaveholder owned

Most whites in the antebellum South

The free black population of the United States increased from 1820 to 1860 because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

Between 1820 and 1860, the number of free blacks doubled in the United States.

Poor whites stayed poor because they developed a culture that opposed the middle-class work ethic.

The __________ of American slaves was 21.4 years in 1850.

The largest slave population in the world in 1800 -- one million -- was in __________ .

The Lower South, or __________ , stretched from South Carolina to Texas.

The Tredegar Iron Company of Richmond decided in 1847 to shift from white to slave labor to

Following the convergence of Nat Turner's revolt and William Lloyd Garrison's publication of the abolitionist Liberator in 1831,

All of the following describe the historical development of the free black church EXCEPT the

All of the following statements characterize the life of Rev. J.C. Pennington EXCEPT

Slave spirituals reiterated one basic Christian theme:

Slaves lived in poor material conditions, were whipped frequently, and suffered constant health problems.

Black slave women were not expected to work in the fields and complete as much labor as enslaved men.

Paralleling the growth of the southern economy and its dependence on the slave labor system, the number of slaves in the United States rapidly increased from 1.5 million in 1820 to __________ million in 1860.