American History Exam 3 Chapters 8-11

29 August 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
102 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (98)
question
The most important innovation of Francis Cabot Lowell's Waltham operation was to
answer
combine the steps of cotton production under one roof.
question
Which of the following Founding Fathers was popularized in the 1830s as a model for hard work and education?
answer
Benjamin Franklin
question
The women who came to Lowell for mill jobs were
answer
the first women to labor outside their homes in large numbers.
question
A dramatic rise in the concentration of wealth in the United States from 1820 to 1860
answer
hardened class lines.
question
Which of the following were new inventions of the early transportation and industrialization era?
answer
steam ship
question
Between 1819 and 1824, a series of Supreme Court decisions established the basic principle that
answer
contracts were binding legal instruments.
question
Antebellum advocates of public education hoped that the schools would
answer
counter unsettling effects of economic change.
question
For most Cincinnati workers before the Civil War, a manufacturing job
answer
imposed a form of "wage slavery."
question
All of the following are true regarding the political rights of free blacks in the United States in the 1800s EXCEPT
answer
black women could vote.
question
In the decades before the Civil War, Cincinnati workers
answer
struck for fair wages.
question
Women workers at the Lowell mills
answer
lived in closely supervised company boardinghouses.
question
State governments promoted economic growth by
answer
underwriting bonds for improvement projects.
question
By 1830, which of the following regions was still considered to be "frontier"?
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
The concept of domesticity
answer
implied the moral superiority of women.
question
All of the following are true about free black women EXCEPT
answer
many owned a large amount of property.
question
From 1820 to 1860, the American economy witnessed a
answer
doubling of per capita income.
question
Of the following economic indicators describing conditions in Philadelphia, which one DECREASED from 1820 to 1860?
answer
proportion of craftsmen in the laboring class
question
The federal government encouraged economic expansion by
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
A short-lived strike by Lowell's women workers in February 1834 occurred in protest of
answer
wage cuts.
question
Which of the following values did self-help books emphasize in the early 1800s?
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
Mob actions sometimes lasted for days because there was no effective police to stop them.
answer
True
question
By the 1830s, all American states had adopted a plan of state-funded public education for children between 5 and 19 years of age.
answer
False
question
Farmers in the __________ valley were leaders in adopting scientific farming techniques in the early 1800s.
answer
Delaware River
question
In 1837, Illinois blacksmith __________ developed a new steel plow that rapidly became popular.
answer
John Deere
question
The last link in the chain of waterways binding New York City to the Great Lakes and the Northwest was the __________ , stretching 363 miles between Albany and Buffalo.
answer
Erie Canal
question
Identify and discuss the components that contributed to American economic growth from 1820 to 1860.
answer
Between the years 1820 and 1860 the United States experienced a very large economic boom, which was caused by several different factors. One of these factors was the abundance of natural resources that America got by acquiring new territories, such as Florida. In addition to this, we also had an ample supply of workers due to our steadily growing population. Another component that played a role in increasing our economy was our better transportation systems. We built canals and railroads that allowed the transport of resources, products, and people across the United States at a rate that we had never seen before. Investments from wealthy individuals, often times from Europe, also provided the necessary capital that we needed to start our manufacturing. Similarly, our own government provided loans that greatly helped enterprises take off. Realistically, all of the necessary components for a quality economy all came together at one time to create the vast amount of economic growth the America saw between 1820 and 1860.
question
The most recent historical interpretations of slavery have viewed the institution
answer
through life in the slave quarters.
question
Which of the following groups of blacks did NOT compose the Catholic population of Baltimore and New Orleans?
answer
abolitionists from Boston
question
The yeoman farmers of the South
answer
were fiercely proud of their independence.
question
Prior to 1830, southerners generally defended slavery as a
answer
necessary evil.
question
Southerners migrated southwestward in huge numbers between 1830 and 1860, seeking new lands for the
answer
production of cotton.
question
All of the following describe the historical development of the free black church EXCEPT the
answer
free black church did not reach out to slaves.
question
Following the convergence of Nat Turner's revolt and William Lloyd Garrison's publication of the abolitionist Liberator in 1831,
answer
state laws prohibiting manumission were passed in the South.
question
The lesson Frederick Douglass learned to survive slavery was to
answer
understand and outwit his oppressors.
question
White artisans in the South viewed black workers as
answer
threats to their livelihoods.
question
Many slaveholders urged their slaves to attend church because it
answer
offered the slaveholder a form of social control.
question
All of the following statements characterize the life of Rev. J.C. Pennington EXCEPT:
answer
He led slave revolts.
question
For South Carolinian Robert Francis Allston, a "plain, honest, common-sense reading of the Constitution" meant the
answer
constitutionality of slavery.
question
The slave conspiracies of Gabriel in 1800 and Vesey in 1822 were both thwarted by
answer
internal betrayal by fellow slaves.
question
All of the following describe the lives of free southern blacks EXCEPT:
answer
They owned substantial amounts of property.
question
All of the following describe the historical development of sugar within the Latin American system of slavery EXCEPT:
answer
European demand for sugar declined over time before 1860.
question
Slave spirituals reiterated one basic Christian theme:
answer
a chosen people were held captive but would be delivered.
question
Laws to control the domestic slave trade were
answer
poorly enforced.
question
Slavery inhibited the economic growth of the South because of the slaveholders'
answer
undiversified capital investments.
question
For southern white women, Mary Boykin Chesnut regarded "the sorest spot" of slavery as the
answer
double standard of plantation sexuality.
question
In which of the following industries did slaves work in Central and South America?
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
Black slave women were not expected to work in the fields and complete as much labor as enslaved men.
answer
False
question
Large-plantation agriculture was a dominant force in the antebellum South, but most southern whites were not even slaveholders, much less large planters.
answer
True
question
Slaves lived in poor material conditions, were whipped frequently, and suffered constant health problems.
answer
True
question
The last Latin American countries to abolish slavery were Cuba and __________ .
answer
Brazil
question
The African-American denomination called the __________ church grew enormously in the two decades before the Civil War.
answer
African Methodist Episcopal
question
However burdensome their lives from sunup to sundown, after work slaves established a sense of self-worth and community. Discuss the factors that made this possible.
answer
While their lives were extremely difficult and quite terrible, slaves were still able to come together and form a community and gain a sense of self-worth after work. One way in which they did this was through religion. Christianity became incredibly popular among the slaves in America, largely because they were initially encouraged to go to church by their masters. However, even though it was their masters that encouraged them to go, the message of Christianity quickly stuck as it gave the slaves hope that they would one day be free. Many would actually pray every night that they would one day be free. Another way that the slaves formed a sense of community was through singing. Singing brought everyone together in harmony and helped lighten the physical and emotional load that was placed on them throughout the day. Finally, a third factor that helped slaves establish a community and sense of self worth was through their family. While their families were not perfect and were often torn apart, having people around you who care about you was just as important, if not more important, to the slaves as it is to people today.
question
During the depression of the late 1830s, the
answer
wages of workers fell by 30 to 50 percent within two years.
question
For members of his "perfectionist" community at Oneida, John Humphrey Noyes advocated
answer
communal child rearing.
question
During the 1830s, the Cherokee Indians
answer
suffered hardships and death in a forced removal to Oklahoma.
question
According to the Democrats of the 1830s, the government should
answer
allow Americans freedom to follow their individual interests.
question
Whether secular or religious, the utopian communities of the antebellum era failed for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the
answer
stress on the individualistic impulses of human nature.
question
Which of the following individuals was not an abolitionist?
answer
John C. Calhoun
question
Andrew Jackson argued that the national bank
answer
represented an example of special privilege that hurt the common man.
question
The campaign between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams in 1828
answer
degenerated into a nasty but entertaining contest.
question
Preachers of the Second Great Awakening such as Charles Finney emphasized
answer
logic and emotion.
question
All of the following are true statements regarding Sylvester Graham EXCEPT:
answer
He was a Catholic preacher.
question
Essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson urged Americans to
answer
look inward for knowledge and self-reliance.
question
All of the following describe the life and work of Abbey Kelly EXCEPT:
answer
She led slave rebellion in the South.
question
All of the following describe the essence of prison conditions and practices in the antebellum era EXCEPT
answer
work release to go home each night.
question
Which one of the following was NOT one of Finney's beliefs?
answer
conversion as the end of religious experience
question
During the 1840s, temperance advocates
answer
lobbied for passage of local option laws.
question
Which of the following groups of social outcasts did colonial families and communities take care of?
answer
All of these answers are correct
question
What institutions did some Americans attempt to reform?
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
One of Andrew Jackson's key principles included the
answer
importance of majority rule.
question
Which of the following women was a free African American who lectured and wrote about slavery?
answer
Sojourner Truth
question
Religious enthusiasm and commitment were the means by which some Americans of the 1830s found certainty and reassurance in a fast-changing world.
answer
True
question
Upon passage of a compromise tariff in 1833, South Carolina agreed that states do not have the powers of nullification or secession.
answer
False
question
In 1839, Theodore Weld published American Slavery as It Is, a major criticism of the institution.
answer
True
question
Protesting against slavery and the Mexican War, __________ refused to pay his taxes, went to jail briefly, and wrote the classic essay "On Civil Disobedience" (1849).
answer
Henry David Thoreau
question
Sylvester Graham argued that __________ should be eaten to preserve health.
answer
crackers
question
Analyze the types of problems faced by a reformer in challenging the status quo.
answer
Whenever you are trying to reform something you are going to face a lot of problems when challenging the status quo. People are incredibly stubborn and do not like change, so it was, and still is, very important for reformers to pick a proper course of action. Figuring out this proper course of action is certainly one problem and dilemma that reformers must face when challenging the status quo. Another issue that many reformers seemed to face was the lack of perfection by humanity. Many reformers had beautiful ideas in their heads about how society could and should operate, but they failed to truly take into consideration that humans can only be so perfect and that things will inevitably go wrong at some point. Creating a Utopian society like many reformers wanted to was not really possible and still isn't really even possible today, even though I would argue that we are much closer to it now than we were then.
question
The town of Santa Fe was
answer
occupied without a shot by American forces in 1846.
question
All of the following factors nourished an American conviction that California must become part of the United States EXCEPT the
answer
desire of newcomers to blend into California society.
question
According to agreements made in 1818 and 1827, the United States and Great Britain
answer
jointly occupied Oregon.
question
In the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, the United States
answer
accepted a southern border excluding Texas.
question
For most emigrants on the overland trails,
answer
difficulties multiplied as the trip lengthened.
question
In his popular Emigrants' Guide to Oregon and California (1845), Lansford Hastings
answer
provided both practical information as well as encouragement for frontier settlers.
question
Americans encountered a Spanish-speaking culture in which of the following places?
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
Britain agreed to a division of the Oregon Territory at the 49th parallel so long as it retained possession of
answer
Vancouver Island.
question
The Plains tribes posed an obstacle to white settlement due to their
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
Most of the emigrants who headed for the Far West were
answer
white and American-born.
question
In contrast to the agricultural frontier, migrants to the mining frontier were more
answer
intent on making a quick profit.
question
Which of the following ethnic and racial groups were present in California during the 1850s?
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
Mining camps were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
answer
large numbers of women.
question
Perhaps most emigrants to the Far West were motivated by dreams of
answer
bettering their lives by cultivating the land.
question
In 1845, President Polk sent ________ to Mexico City
answer
secret agent John L. Slidell
question
Plains tribes that stood in the path of Anglo American westward expansion included
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
Americans were attracted to Texas in the 1820s by the
answer
lure of cheap land for cotton cultivation.
question
Eastern Indian tribes from the South and Old Northwest, whom the American government forcibly relocated in the West,
answer
served ironically as agents of white civilization.
question
Which of the following statements accurately describes the gold miners in California?
answer
All of these answers are correct.
question
Most miners to California wanted to remain and settle permanently.
answer
False
question
In 1880, the California legislature passed a law banning intermarriage between a white person and any "negro, mulatto, or Mongolian" person.
answer
True
question
The conviction that America's superior institutions and culture gave the United States a God-given right, even an obligation, to spread its civilization across the continent was expressed in the phrase __________ .
answer
Manifest Destiny
question
As many as __________ Indians gathered at the Ft. Laramie Council of 1851.
answer
10000
question
In securing the Democratic nomination in 1844, __________ called for "the reannexation of Texas at the earliest practicable period" and the occupation of the Oregon Territory.
answer
James Polk
question
What led so many Americans to sell most of their possessions and embark on an unknown future thousands of miles away in Oregon or California during the 1840s?
answer
There were several factors at work that encouraged so many Americans to sell their possessions and move thousands of miles west. One of these factors was Manifest Destiny, which was the idea that it was their right and obligation to move westward. Realistically, this was a huge factor in why so many Americans decided it was a good idea to pack up and move to the far west. However, another factor was the idea of getting rich. People moved out west to go mine for gold in the hopes that they would hit it big and get rich. Others simply wanted to provide a better life for themselves by becoming farmers, and the policies made by the government allowed squatters to settle the land before they were up for sale. Typically, most people just wanted to make something of themselves and their family.