Exam 3 Hist-140 Chapters 9-12

What was the biggest motivating factor in moving westward in the 1820s and 1830s? Land was cheaper. Gold existed just beyond the Appalachian Mountains. Slaves could escape to safe havens. Cotton could be grown in Ohio and Indiana. People were escaping religious persecution.

The Erie Canal: was far longer than any other canal in the United States at that time. attracted an influx of farmers migrating from Virginia and the Carolinas to the Northwest. was strongly opposed by residents of Buffalo and Rochester, who feared their cities would lose business. was championed by Pennsylvania governor William Findlay. proved economically unviable and was abandoned within a decade of its opening.

Most of the states that joined the Union in the six years immediately following the War of 1812 were located: west of the Mississippi River. in the Old Northwest. south of the Mason-Dixon Line. in the Louisiana Purchase territory. west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Which of the following was not a factor in the nation's acquisition of Florida from Spain? Andrew Jackson's invasion of the area, during which his men killed British agents and Indian chiefs the American seizure of Baton Rouge the desire of Georgia and Alabama planters to eliminate a refuge for fugitive slaves Spain's loss of Haiti in a slave rebellion, which rendered Florida imperially unimportant Spain's realization that it was unable to defend the area

Which of the following was NOT a way in which westward movement affected the South? It led to the increased breaking up of slave families and communities. The plantation economy expanded beyond the coastal regions. Transportation and banking remained adjuncts of the plantation system. The South had to develop a highly effective railroad system to transport goods from west to east. The South's agrarian, slave-based social order reproduced itself as settlers went West.

Samuel Slater: developed stone-crushing technology useful for road building. established America's first factory. invented the cotton gin. established the Erie Canal. was a steamboat innovator.

How did the market revolution affect the lives of artisans? Their lives changed little, because the economy allowed for plenty of room for specialized craftsmen. New competition created opportunities for the specialized skills of artisans, so their numbers expanded. Gathered in factories, they faced constant supervision and the breakdown of craftsmanship into specialized tasks. They began working in factories, which they preferred to enduring years of apprenticeship under the old system. Most artisans became factory owners and prospered as never before.

At the Lowell textile mills: southern-born women dominated the workforce, because of their superior knowledge of cotton. the lack of supervision showed that the female workers were capable of managing their own lives, which inspired the women's rights movement. most women worked once their children were old enough to take care of themselves. the owners established lecture halls and churches. immigrant women dominated the workforce in the 1820s.

The "German triangle" in the mid-nineteenth century referred to: a Baltimore neighborhood with a large German immigrant population. the identifying patch German immigrants were forced to wear in some American cities. Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Milwaukee—cities with large German populations. the special kind of ballot Democrats gave German-speaking voters. the superior plow that German immigrant Thomas Mannheim introduced to the United States.

In an 1837 case involving the Charles River in Massachusetts, Chief Justice Roger Taney: declared the community had a legitimate interest in promoting transportation and prosperity. held that adding a second bridge over the river violated the charter rights of the company that built the first bridge. granted Robert Fulton's steamboat company a monopoly in the ferry business on the river. issued an opinion in which the U.S. Supreme Court, for the first time, overturned a state law. officially declared that capitalism was the economic system of the United States.

According to John O'Sullivan, the "manifest destiny" of the United States to occupy North America could be traced to: the Treaty of Paris of 1783. a divine mission. the Adams-Onis Treaty. the Bible. federal treaties with Indian nations.

The transcendentalist movement: emphasized individual judgment, not tradition. is also known as the Second Great Awakening. stressed teamwork in order to industrialize. was largely based in the South. celebrated the economic developments of the market revolution.

What came to be redefined as a personal moral quality associated more and more closely with women? freedom liberty virtue family temperance

What would have been an accurate assessment of the Monroe Doctrine at the time? The Latin American revolutions had little in common with American ideals. It was more talk than action, as the United States was weak militarily. The United States had battle plans drawn to attack Europe to prevent further colonization. This was a plan to gain Canada from the British. It failed in helping the United States gain Florida.

How are Andrew Jackson and George Washington most similar? Both had a strong mistrust of banks. Washington favored states' rights more than Jackson. Both had similar policies in regards to Native Americans. Jackson did not like to use the veto power as much as Washington did. Both were popular army generals, which helped them get elected to the presidency.

In what way was the 1840 Whig campaign for president similar to recent presidential campaigns? Both had an extremely high percentage of voters (80 percent) turning out to cast ballots. Both had record numbers of African-Americans voting. Both stressed that the presidential candidate can relate to the average citizen. Both had candidates with no platforms. Both dealt with immigration issues.

Andrew Jackson's inauguration was: small and dignified. much like the previous presidential inaugurations. limited to only the upper crust of society. a large, rowdy event. a disastrous affair, since Jackson's opponents protested outside the White House.

The key insight of Alexis de Tocqueville's Tocqueville on Democracy was that: the most important thing about American democracy was that the majority of men could vote. American democracy was really a sham. American democracy really represented an important cultural shift. the ideology of the Whig Party was actually more democratic than that of the Democratic Party. American democracy could not exist without strong presidential leadership.

In the wake of the War of 1812, younger Republicans like Henry Clay and John Calhoun: continued to support agrarianism, but believed that the nation's economic independence required a manufacturing sector. demanded that the United States scale back its international involvement and depend exclusively on agriculture for its prosperity. believed in the need for national economic development, but thought that the federal government should stay out of it and let the states do it. decided that Jeffersonianism was hopelessly out of date when President James Madison opposed their efforts, and they decided to form their own political party. threw their support to Andrew Jackson because they realized that their plans were too grandiose to win popular support without a hero as their standard-bearer.

In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that: the Indians were not allowed to sue the federal government. the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional. Catholics could not be barred from political office. the American System was unconstitutional. states could nullify federal laws with congressional permission.

Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820: the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones. Congress banned slavery in any new territory that might ever be added to the United States. Missouri agreed to gradual emancipation of slavery in exchange for admission to the Union. Ohio became a free state to balance the admission of Missouri as a slave state. slave states gained a two-seat advantage in the U.S. Senate.

Which of the following is NOT true of John Quincy Adams? He enjoyed one of the most distinguished diplomatic careers in American history. He had a far more expansive view of national power than many of his contemporaries. He was a firm believer in strict construction of the Constitution. He was the only member of Monroe's cabinet to oppose reprimanding Andrew Jackson for invading Spanish Florida. Although a Federalist senator at the time, he had supported Jefferson's embargo policy.

Which of the following statements about Martin Van Buren is FALSE? By 1828, he had established the political apparatus of the Democratic Party. Son of a tavern keeper, his principal talent was as a party manager. A graduate of Harvard, he was known for his sterling intellectual accomplishments. He believed party discipline could help overcome sectional feelings. The forcible removal of the Cherokee tribe, known as the Trail of Tears, occurred during his presidency.

The national political parties of the second American party system were: Democrats and Whigs. Republicans and Democrats. Whigs and Know-Nothings. Republicans and Whigs. Democrats and Federalists.

Whigs wanted the government involved in all of the following EXCEPT: restricting alcohol production. legislating morality. prohibiting entertainment on Sundays. restricting corporations. banning prostitution.

The Panic of 1837: inspired a more vigorous labor movement in the decade that followed. led to a relatively mild economic downturn that resolved itself by 1839. can only be blamed on Andrew Jackson's veto of the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States. was caused, in part, by a decline in British demand for American cotton. helped farmers, because the cost of transporting goods to markets fell.

Why could someone argue that the North was complicit in the expansion of slavery? Many northern states at one time had slaves. Some slaves ran away to northern states. Some slaveholders were originally from the North. Most in the North wanted to reopen the importation of slaves. Northern factory demand for cotton steadily increased.

What role did Christianity play in slavery? Few slaves were interested in Christianity, so they stayed focused on their traditional African religions. Few slaveholders wanted their slaves to learn. Teaching slaves about Christianity helped to reinforce the owners' ideas on paternalism. Slaves rejected the story of Moses as untrue. Slave preachers struggled to win respect among fellow slaves.

The Haitian slave revolt was successful and the attempts by Denmark Vessey and Nat Turner ultimately failed because: slaves in the United States had less desire to be free. slaves in Haiti had the help of the Spanish government. Haiti had a population that was primarily of African heritage while most of the United States had a higher percentage of whites. none of the black leaders of revolts in the United States were literate. In the United States, the slaves rebelling had no weapons.

How did slavery take away the rights of whites? They were forced to own slaves in the South. The price of slaves kept increasing. Poor non-slaveholding whites were forced to leave the South for jobs in northern cities. Written objections to slavery were banned in the South. A non-slaveholding white had no legal recourse if a slave committed a criminal act against him.

The U.S. slave population by 1860 was approximately: 1 million. 2 million. 3 million. 4 million. 5 million.

Andrew Johnson of Tennessee and Joseph Brown of Georgia rose to political power: because of their membership in and identification with the planter class. in the 1850s, as members of the small but influential southern Republican Party. as self-proclaimed spokesmen of the common man against the great planters. as proponents of gradual emancipation plans in order to destroy the "slavocracy." after gaining popularity for creating public education systems in their states.

Celia was: the pen name of Floride Calhoun, who secretly criticized her husband, John's, views on slavery. a slave tried for killing her master while resisting a sexual assault. the name used to signify a southern plantation mistress in writings about the institution. a slave who became famous for helping other slaves escape via the Underground Railroad. a character in Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Slave religion: was based entirely on what slaves learned and heard from white ministers. existed without approval from masters, who thought that letting slaves learn about religion might weaken their control. benefited from masters assigning a member of each slave quarters to serve as a slave chaplain. combined African traditions and Christian beliefs. died out by the early 1820s because of strong opposition from whites.

Which of the following stories did NOT play a central role in black Christianity? Moses and the exodus from Egypt Noah and the ark David and Goliath Jonah and the whale Daniel and the lion's den

Compared to slave revolts in Brazil and in the West Indies, slave revolts in the United States were: larger in scale but less frequent. smaller in scale but more frequent. larger in scale and more frequent. smaller in scale and less frequent. bloodier and more successful.

Historians estimate that approximately __________slaves per year escaped to the North or Canada. 500 1,000 2,000 5,000 10,000

Denmark Vesey's conspiracy: reflected a combination of American and African influences. took place in 1831 and was a success. reflected the belief of the conspirators that the Bible endorsed slavery. was discovered, but Vesey escaped North to freedom. resulted in over twenty deaths of white men, women, and children.

Which statement about Nat Turner's Rebellion is true? Turner and his followers assaulted mostly men. Fewer than twenty whites were killed during the rebellion. Turner escaped capture. Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion. It occurred in Georgia.

What was most significant about Theodore Weld's argument concerning the sinfulness of slavery? It convinced some that slavery needed to be abolished immediately. Ministers could preach that slavery was the devil's work. It contradicted passages in the Bible that seemed to be proslavery. This allowed ministers like William Lloyd Garrison to take on a leadership role. It led to Frederick Douglass gaining his freedom.

Which American Revolution ideology is best encapsulated in the Declaration of Sentiments? "Don't tread on me." "These are the times that try men's souls." "Give me Liberty or give me death." "No taxation without representation." "One if by land, and two if by sea."

How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom? They did not even try, because they had no intention of enhancing personal freedom. They claimed that genuine liberty meant allowing others to eliminate those problems that might threaten that liberty. They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically. They contended that self-discipline was so rare, someone had to step in and make sure that Americans could enjoy the fruits of their labor. They felt that eliminating temptations would lead to the natural liberty that Protestants had long considered crucial to maintaining a good society.

By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had: united Americans of all classes and religions in a "war" against alcohol. virtually disappeared. convinced Congress to pass a national prohibition law. made no measurable impact on Americans' drinking habits. encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

The American Tract Society was focused on: slavery. drinking. feminism. suffrage. religion.

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts? Actually, the two movements were quite similar in every way; the later one was simply more well-known because more people were literate by the 1830s. The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately. Earlier opponents of slavery had called for immediate emancipation, but the later group devised a plan for gradual emancipation that won broader support. The later movement banned participation by African-Americans, because they feared that their involvement would cause a backlash. The movement of the 1830s introduced the idea of colonizing freed slaves outside the United States, which proved immensely popular with southern whites.

A young minister converted by the evangelical preacher Charles G. Finney, __________ helped to create a mass constituency for abolitionism by training speakers and publishing pamphlets. David Walker Theodore Weld Abby Kelley Lewis Tappan Lydia Maria Child

Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by: countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species. presenting the compositions of Henry Highland Garnet to disprove the belief that African culture was inferior because it produced no classical music composers. pointing to Haiti, the scene of the famous slave revolts of the 1790s and 1800s, as a model of civilization. making January 1, the anniversary of the end of the international slave trade, a holiday throughout the North until the end of the Civil War. nominating Frederick Douglass for president in 1852 and winning him Vermont's electoral votes.

Freedom's Journal: was the autobiography of Joseph Taper, a fugitive slave. published Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. was the newspaper of the Owenite community at New Harmony. was established by Abby Kelley. was the first black-run newspaper in the United States.

Frederick Douglass wrote, "When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, __________ will occupy a large space in its pages." newspaper editors black abolitionists freed slaves white abolitionists women

All of the following are true of Margaret Fuller EXCEPT: she was the first feminist leader educated at a major college. her father was a member of Congress. she was the first female literary editor of the New York Tribune. she was a leading transcendentalist. she believed marrying an American would mean subordinating herself to male dictation.