Chapter 7&8 PSY113 test

the occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggest that during extinction A) the CS is eliminated B) the CR is eliminated C) the CS is suppressed D) the CR is suppressed

Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races. This best illustrates the effect of A) negative reinforcers B) generalizaton C) spontaneous recovery D) punishment

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a(n) A) unconditioned stimulus B) secondary reinforcer C) neutral stimulus D) primary reinforcer

Because Yuri was curious about human behavior, he enrolled in an introductory psychology course. George registered because he heard it was an easy course that would boost his grade point average. In this instance, Yuri's behavior was reflected of ______, whereas George's behavior was reflected of ______. A) operant conditioning; classic conditioning B) intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation C) an unconditioned response; a conditioned response D) a fixed internal schedule; a variable interval schedule

Studies suggest that criminal behavior is most likely to be deterred by A) moderate levels of punishment B) swiftly delivered punishment C) severe levels of punishment D) an unpredictable level of punishment

A geometric figure is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly A) after an appropriate UR B) after an appropriate US C) before an appropriate UR D) before an appropriate US

In Pavlov's experiments, the sound of the tone triggered the dog's salivation. Salivation to the sound of a tone was an A) conditioned response B) unconditioned stimulus C) unconditioned responses D) conditioned stimulus

The acquisition of mental information by observing events, watching others, or through language is called A) classical conditioning B) cognitive learning C) partial reinforcement D) shaping

In which form of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences? A) observational learning B) classical conditioning C) operant conditioning D) latent learning

Children often imitate behaviors seen on television. This best illustrates the impact of A) modeling B) respondent behavior C) immediate reinforcement D) spontaneous recovery

Comedian-writer Mark Malkoff reported that his fear of flying faded after he faced his fear and lived on an airplane for 30 days. His reduction of fear best illustrated the processes A) shaping B) extinction C) spontaneous recovery D) secondary reforcement

Dan and Joel, both 4 year olds, have been watching reruns of "Superman" on television Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try flying. What best accounts for the boys behavior? A) delayed reinforcement B) observational learning C) immediate reinforcement D) classic conditioning

Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This best illustrates A) spontaneous recovery B) continuous reinforcement C) latent learning D) generalization

It has been suggested that _______ are activated when a monkey moves a peanut into its own mouth and when a monkey simply observes other monkeys move a peanut into their mouth A) prosocial behavior B) intrinsic motives C) cogntiive maps D) mirror neurons

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called A) acquisiton B) discrimination C) generalization D) latent learning

A psychologist who emphasizes cognitive processes would be likely to suggest that classical conditioning depends on A) an organism's behavior in response to environmental stimulation B) the amount of time between the presentation of the CS and the US C) how frequently an organism is exposed to an association of a CS and a US D) an organism's expectation that a US will follow a CS

In explaining juvenile delinquency, B.F Skinner would most likely to have emphasized A) inherited predispositions B) fear and greed C) faulty child rearing practices D) a weak internalized conscience

Which of the following is an example of a respondent behavior? A) studying for a test B) blushing when embarrassed C) thanking someone for their help D) sniffing to locate the source of a strange odor

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by A) cogntiive processes B) biological predispositions C) continous reinforcement D) latent learning

Socially responsive toddlers who readily imitate their parents tend to become preschoolers with a strong internalized conscience. This best illustrates the impact of A) operant conditioning B) spontaneous recovery C) observational learning D) respondent behavior

In classical conditioning a stimulus in any event or situation that A) triggers imitation B) signals a reinforcer C) elicits operant behavior D) evokes a response

To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise, operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you A) specify your exercise goals and inform some close friends of your goals B) congratulate yourself even when you fail to fulfill your specific exercise goal C) never reward yourself with a light snack after achieving specific exercise goals D) avoid trying to keep track of exactly how much you have exercised in a specific weekly period.

By consciously rehearsing facts you need to learn in many separate study sessions occurring throughout the semester, you are most clearly taking advantage of A) procedural memory B) the peg word system C) the spacing effect D) automatic processing

You are most likely to automatically encode information about A) politicians names B) friends birthdays C) new phone numbers D) the sequence of your day's events

Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word after they decided whether that words fits into an incomplete sentence. This research highlighted the effectiveness of A) the serial position effect B) the peg word system C) deep processing D) echoic memory

Karl and Dee had a joyful wedding ceremony. After their painful divorce, however, they began to remember the wedding as a somewhat hectic and unpleasant events. Their recollections best illustrate the nature of A) proactive interference B) memory construction C) the spacing effect D) the serial position effect

Many of the experimental participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident. This experiment best illustrated A) proactive interference B) the self reference effect C) the spacing effect D) the misinformation effect

The psychologist Jean Piaget constructed a vivid, detailed memory of a nursemaid's thwarting his kidnapping after hearing false reports of such an event. His experience best illustrates A) implicit memory B) proactive interference C) source amnesia D) mood congruent memory

The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ____ effect. A) serial position B) misinformation C) retrieval practice D) spacing

Research on memory constructed indicates the memories of past experiences are likely to be A) difficult to retrieve but never completely lost B) distorted by our current expectations C) much more vivid if they are seldom rehearsed. D) retrieved in the very same form and detail as they were originally encoded

Chucking refers to A) getting information into memory through the use of visual imagery B) the organization of information into meaningful units C) the unconscious encoding of incidental information D) the tendency to recall best the first item in a list

Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues? A) recognition B) recall C) relearning D) rehearsal

The title of song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by A)encoding failure B) automatic processing C) retrieval failure D) repression

In Alan Baddeley's model of working memory, the hypothetical central executive engages in A) repression B) focusing attention C) automatic processing D) long term potentiation

Which measure of memory retention assesses the ability to draw information out of storage and into conscious awareness? A) rehearsal B) relearning C) recongition D) recall

Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inn by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as A) chunking B) imagination inflation C) the serial position effect D) the peg word system

Retroactive interference involves the disruption of A) automatic processing B) iconic memory C) memory retrieval D) semantic processing

Watching a TV soap opera involving martial conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall provides an example of A) the spacing effect B) repression C) the serial position effect D) priming

Previously learned information often facilitates our learning of new information. This phenmenon is called A) overlearning B) positive transfer C) long term potentiation D) the serial position effect

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if they rehearse the meaning of the latin word. This best illustrates the value of A) iconic memory B) deep processing C) procedural memory D) the peg word system

We are most likely to remember the words "typewriter, cigarette and fire" than the words, "void, process and inherent" This best illustrates the value of A) long term potentiation B) flashbulb memory C) imagery D) iconic memory

The occasional tip of the tongue forgetting experienced by older adults can be best explained in terms of the greater difficulty older people have with A) automatic processing B) iconic memory C) state dependent memory D) retrieval

The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provided evidence that forgetting many involve A) encoding failure B) repression C) implicit memory loss D) interference

Shelly was able to remember the names of three new classmates for only a minute or two after they had been introduced to her.. The new class members names were briefly stored in her ___ memory A) flashbulb B) implicit C) short term memory D) iconic