The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is ___.
- Ctenophora
- Echinodermata
- Lycophyta
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
answer
Porifera.
(Evidence that supports this includes the lack of true tissue in sponges and the close similarity between choanocytes and choanoflagellates.)
question
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?
- an anus
- bilateral symmetry
- radula
- gastrovascular cavity
- mesoderm
answer
Gastrovasicular cavity.
(Characterized by a single opening, it is the digestive compartment of cnidarians.)
question
Members of the phylum Mollusca ___.
- have tentacles surrounding a central mouth/anus
- have segmented bodies and paired, jointed appendages
- are filter feeders
- are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell
- have closed circulatory systems
answer
Members of the phylum Mollusca are soft-bodied and are often covered by a shell.
question
Which of the following is true of annelids?
- They have an open circulatory system.
- They have a gastrovascular cavity.
- They perform gas exchange across their skin.
- They have a nerve net.
- They have pseudocoeloms.
answer
They perform gas exchange across their skin.
(Cutaneous respiration occurs across their skins. Polychaetes have lateral extensions, called parapodia, which provide even more surface area for cutaneous respiration.)
question
A marine biologist dredges up a small animal from the bottom of the ocean. It is uniformly segmented, with short, stiff appendages and soft, flexible skin. It has a complete digestive system and a closed circulatory system, plus multiple true coeloms. Based on this, you determine that the animal must be a(n) ___.
- annelid
- roundworm
- crustacean
- mollusc
- lancelet
answer
Annelid.
question
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans?
- snails
- ants
- jellies
- earthworms
- sea stars
answer
Sea stars.
(Humans and sea stars are deuterostomes.)
question
What evidence suggests that vertebrates are more closely related to echinoderms than are any other invertebrate phyla?
- shared patterns of development
- shared morphology
- shared DNA sequences
answer
Shared DNA sequences.
(The clade Deuterostomia comprising chordates - including vertebrates - and echinoderms is defined primarily by DNA similarities. Read about deuterostomes.)
question
Select the correct statement(s) about invertebrate taxa.
- tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity
- rotifers are smaller than many protists
- ectoprocts lack a distinct head
answer
All are correct statements.
question
What structure is responsible for gas exchange in most spiders?
- tracheal tubes
- chelicerae
- the pedipalp
- Malpighian tubules
- book lungs
answer
Book lungs.
(The extensive surface area of book lungs is a structural adaptation that enhances the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the hemolymph and air.)
question
Some invertebrates combine morphological simplicity with features of great structural or biochemical complexity. Select all correct examples of this statement.
- Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system.
- Sponges lack true tissues but have more variation in cell type than animals in any other phylum.
- Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
answer
Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
question
Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect?
- Platyhelminthes-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
- Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
- Echinodermata-bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present
- Cnidaria-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms
- Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present
answer
Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present.
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