Ch 32, 33, 34

24 July 2022
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question
Which of the following chordates is most likely to look least like other chordates? Which of the following chordates is most likely to look least like other chordates? A. lancelet B. adult human C. adult tunicate D. embryonic human E. larval tunicate
answer
C. adult tunicate
question
Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment? Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment? A. amphibians B. birds C. mammals D. pterosaurs E. dinosaurs
answer
A. amphibians
question
Which feature of deuterostome development explains the formation of identical human twins? Which feature of deuterostome development explains the formation of identical human twins? A. Deuterostomes have radial cleavage. B. Deuterostomes have indeterminate development. C. In deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus.
answer
B. Deuterostomes have indeterminate development.
question
Which of the following is radially symmetrical? Which of the following is radially symmetrical? A. a doughnut B. an automobile C. a submarine sandwich D. a spoon E. a dog
answer
A. a doughnut
question
Members of the phylum Mollusca _____. A. are filter feeders B. have tentacles surrounding a central mouth/anus C. have closed circulatory systems D. are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell E. have segmented bodies and paired, jointed appendages
answer
D. are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell
question
Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____. Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____. A. sperm-stealing B. fragmentation C. parthenogenesis D. binary fission E. budding
answer
C. parthenogenesis
question
Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes? Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes? A. They are all parasitic. B. They typically reproduce asexually. C. They are radially symmetrical. D. They are diploblastic. E. They are dorsoventrally flattened.
answer
E. They are dorsoventrally flattened.
question
Select the correct statement(s) about invertebrate taxa. Select all that apply. Select all that apply. A. Rotifers are smaller than many protists. B. Tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity. C. Ectoprocts lack a distinct head.
answer
ALL OF THEM ARE CORRECT
question
The diagnostic feature of Chondrichthyes is _____. The diagnostic feature of Chondrichthyes is _____. A. an endoskeleton of calcified cartilage B. jaws C. a swim bladder D. a lateral line system E. a streamlined, torpedo-shaped body
answer
A. an endoskeleton of calcified cartilage
question
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic feature of the Chordata? Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic feature of the Chordata? A. a hollow dorsal nerve cord B. vertebrae C. pharyngeal slits or clefts D. a muscular, post-anal tail E. notochord
answer
B. vertebrae
question
What evidence suggests that vertebrates are more closely related to echinoderms than are any other invertebrate phyla? A. Shared morphology B. Shared patterns of development C. Shared DNA sequences
answer
C. Shared DNA sequences
question
The earliest ancestors of about half of all extant animal phyla can be traced back to the _____ explosion. The earliest ancestors of about half of all extant animal phyla can be traced back to the _____ explosion. A. Jurassic B. Devonian C. Pleistocene D. Carboniferous E. Cambrian
answer
E. Cambrian
question
MAKE CONNECTIONS In Figure 33.8 in your textbook, assume that the two medusae shown at step 4 were produced by one polyp colony. Review Concept 12.1 (pp. 229-230 in your textbook) and Concept 13.4 (pp. 257-260 in your textbook), and then use your understanding of mitosis and meiosis to evaluate whether the following sentence is true or false. If false, select the answer that provides the correct reason. Although the two medusae are genetically identical, a sperm produced by one will differ genetically from an egg produced by the other. A. T B. F (neither the medusae or the gametes are genetically identical) C. F (the medusae are not identical but the gametes are) D. F (the medusae are genetically identical, but so are the gametes)
answer
A. T
question
What do lampreys, sharks, snakes, turtles, and cats have that a hagfish lacks? What do lampreys, sharks, snakes, turtles, and cats have that a hagfish lacks? A. a cranium B. jaws C. a notochord at some point in their lives D. vertebrae E. legs
answer
D. vertebrae
question
Gastrulation is the process that directly forms the _____. Gastrulation is the process that directly forms the _____. A. organs B. central nervous system C. blastula D. primary germ layers E. muscles
answer
D. primary germ layers
question
Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body? Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body? A. Arthropoda B. Platyhelminthes C. Mollusca D. Porifera E. Cnidaria
answer
A. Arthropoda
question
Which of the following animals does NOT have a body cavity? A. nematode B. clam C. flatworm D. earthworm E. mouse
answer
C. flatworm
question
Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials A. have some embryonic development outside the uterus. B. are found in Australia and Africa. C. lack nipples. D. include only insectivores and herbivores. E. lay eggs.
answer
A. have some embryonic development outside the uterus.
question
Identify the features that distinguish animals from organisms in other multicellular kingdoms. Select all that apply. Select all that apply. A. Animals are motile. B. Animals are ingestive heterotrophs. C. Animals have sensory organs at their anterior end.
answer
B. Animals are ingestive heterotrophs.
question
The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____. The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____. A. Porifera B. Ctenophora C. Lycophyta D. Echinodermata E. Cnidaria
answer
A. Porifera
question
What is the key difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom? A. Pseudocoeloms arose early in animal evolution and evolved into coeloms. B. Only a coelom is fully lined with mesoderm tissue. C. A coelom is a true body cavity, whereas a pseudocoelom is a false coelom that is not fully functional.
answer
B. Only a coelom is fully lined with mesoderm tissue.
question
What is the significance of the evolution of Hox gene clusters during vertebrate evolution? What is the significance of the evolution of Hox gene clusters during vertebrate evolution? A. Novel Hox genes coded for novel vertebrate features, such as jaws, limbs, and large brains. B. Duplicate Hox genes triggered the formation of neural crest cells and allowed them to disperse throughout the body, forming a variety of structures. C. Duplication of Hox genes made increased morphological complexity possible.
answer
C. Duplication of Hox genes made increased morphological complexity possible.
question
Which of these is a point of conflict between the phylogenetic analyses presented in Figures 32.10 and 32.11 in your textbook? Which of these is a point of conflict between the phylogenetic analyses presented in Figures 32.10 and 32.11 in your textbook? A. the monophyly of the bilaterians B. the monophyly of the animal kingdom C. that chordates are deuterostomes D. that sponges are basal animals E. the relationship of taxa of segmented animals to taxa of nonsegmented animals
answer
E. the relationship of taxa of segmented animals to taxa of nonsegmented animals
question
During embryological development, the anus forms before the mouth in _____. During embryological development, the anus forms before the mouth in _____. A. earthworms B. arthropods C. flatworms D. humans E. slugs
answer
D. humans
question
Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods? A. an early terrestrial caecilian whose legless condition had evolved secondarily B. an early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins C. an armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages D. a salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes E. a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates
answer
E. a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates
question
Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates. Which is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle? Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates. Which is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle? A. amniotic eggs B. lungs C. hearts with more than two chambers D. tetrapod locomotion E. All of these are essential for a completely terrestrial existence.
answer
A. amniotic eggs
question
The water vascular system of echinoderms A. moves water through the animal's body during suspension feeding. B. is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical. C. functions in locomotion and feeding. D. is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms. E. functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells.
answer
C. functions in locomotion and feeding.
question
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians? Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians? A. an anus B. bilateral symmetry C. mesoderm D. radula E. gastrovascular cavity
answer
E. gastrovascular cavity
question
Which clade does not include humans? Which clade does not include humans? A. lobe-fins B. synapsids C. osteichthyans D. diapsids E. craniates
answer
D. diapsids
question
An important trend in animal evolution was cephalization. An animal is said to show cephalization when it _____. An important trend in animal evolution was cephalization. An animal is said to show cephalization when it _____. A. has an aggregation of sensory neurons at the anterior end B. is large C. has bilateral symmetry D. has tissue specialization E. has a hard, outer covering
answer
A. has an aggregation of sensory neurons at the anterior end