Mastering Biology Final Set

The earliest ancestors of about half of all extant animal phyla can be traced back to the _____ explosion. Pleistocene Carboniferous Cambrian Jurassic Devonian

A graduate student finds an organism in a pond and thinks it is a freshwater sponge. A postdoctoral student thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether it is an animal or a fungus? See if it is a eukaryote or prokaryote. See if it reproduces sexually. Determine whether it is unicellular or multicellular. Figure out whether it is autotrophic or heterotrophic. Look for cell walls under a microscope.

Which of the following is radially symmetrical? a spoon an automobile a doughnut a submarine sandwich a dog

Gastrulation is the process that directly forms the _____. muscles primary germ layers central nervous system blastula organs

An important trend in animal evolution was cephalization. An animal is said to show cephalization when it _____. has bilateral symmetry has tissue specialization has an aggregation of sensory neurons at the anterior end is large has a hard, outer covering

Which of the following animals does NOT have a body cavity? flatworm nematode clam mouse earthworm

During embryological development, the anus forms before the mouth in _____. arthropods earthworms flatworms humans slugs

Which type of symmetry does each of the following animals display? Sponge Jelly fish Hydra snake bobcat octopus turtle

Animal tissues develop from embryonic germ layers. Triploblastic animals have three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and three basic body plans related to body cavities (acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate). Select the three statements that are true. In a pseudocoelomate, the tissue lining the inner side of the body cavity arises from the same germ layer as the muscles. An acoelomate triploblast has no endoderm. In a coelomate, the tissue lining the inner side of the body cavity arises from the same germ layer as the lining of the digestive tract. A diploblast has no mesoderm. A pseudocoelom has the same functions as a true coelom. The digestive tract of a coelomate functions as a coelom. In a coelomate, the tissue lining the inner side of the body cavity arises from the same germ layer as the tissue lining the outer side of the body cavity.

Differences in development between protostomes and deuterostomes

Select the correct statement about the evolution of animals. Approximately half the phyla of living organisms are found in Cambrian sediments. No animal fossils are found in strata formed before the Cambrian explosion. The oldest generally accepted fossils of large animals range in age from 565 to 550 million years old.

Identify the features that distinguish animals from organisms in other multicellular kingdoms. Animals have sensory organs at their anterior end. Animals are ingestive heterotrophs. Animals are motile.

Select the correct statement(s) about animal body plans. All triploblastic animals possess a coelom. Development in all animals is determined by the unique family of Hox genes (or other similar homeobox genes). In both protostomes and deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth.

What is the key difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom? A coelom is a true body cavity, whereas a pseudocoelom is a false coelom that is not fully functional. Only a coelom is fully lined with mesoderm tissue. Pseudocoeloms arose early in animal evolution and evolved into coeloms.

The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____. Echinodermata Cnidaria Porifera Lycophyta Ctenophora

Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians? an anus mesoderm bilateral symmetry gastrovascular cavity radula

A marine biologist dredges up a small animal from the bottom of the ocean. It is uniformly segmented, with short, stiff appendages and soft, flexible skin. It has a complete digestive system and a closed circulatory system, plus multiple true coeloms. Based on this, you determine that the animal must be a(n) _____. roundworm crustacean annelid lancelet mollusc

Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes? They are dorsoventrally flattened. They are diploblastic. They are all parasitic. They typically reproduce asexually. They are radially symmetrical.

Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____. sperm-stealing parthenogenesis budding fragmentation binary fission

Ectoprocts and brachiopods are collectively referred to as _____. ecdysozoans eumetazoans lophophorates trochophorates flatworms

Members of the phylum Mollusca _____. have segmented bodies and paired, jointed appendages have tentacles surrounding a central mouth/anus are filter feeders have closed circulatory systems are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell

Which of the following is true of annelids? They perform gas exchange across their skin. They have pseudocoeloms. They have an open circulatory system. They have a gastrovascular cavity. They have a nerve net.