Bio Chapter 33

24 July 2022
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A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share
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a mantle.
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Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body?
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arthropoda
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The water vascular system of echinoderms
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functions in locomotion and feeding.
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Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect? Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present Platyhelminthes-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate Cnidaria-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms Echinodermata-bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
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Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present
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In Figure 33.2 in your textbook, which two main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor of the eumetazoans?
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Cnidaria and Bilateria
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What evidence suggests that vertebrates are more closely related to echinoderms than are any other invertebrate phyla?
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Shared DNA sequences
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Scientists have concluded that bdelloid rotifers have likely been asexual for 100 million years. What evidence supports this conclusion?
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The comparison of the DNA of bdelloids and that of sexually reproducing rotifer species
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Select the correct statement(s) about invertebrate taxa. Select all that apply.
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Tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity. Rotifers are smaller than many protists. Ectoprocts lack a distinct head.
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Some invertebrates combine morphological simplicity with features of great structural or biochemical complexity. Select all correct examples of this statement. Select all that apply. Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. Sponges lack true tissues but have more variation in cell type than animals in any other phylum. Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
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Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
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Select the correct statement(s) describing nematodes. Select all that apply. All nematodes live in soil. Nematodes lack a circulatory system and circular body wall muscles. Some nematodes play important roles in nutrient cycling.
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Nematodes lack a circulatory system and circular body wall muscles. Some nematodes play important roles in nutrient cycling.
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What (if anything) can be inferred about whether the common ancestor of each of the three major bilaterian clades had a true coelom?
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The common ancestor of the Deuterostomia had a true coelom, but we cannot infer anything about the ancestor of the Lophotrochozoa or the Ecdysozoa.
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To what extent has the presence of a true coelom in animals changed over the course of evolution?
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The presence or absence of a true coelom appears to have changed multiple times during the course of evolution.
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MAKE CONNECTIONS In Figure 33.8 in your textbook, assume that the two medusae shown at step 4 were produced by one polyp colony. Review Concept 12.1 (pp. 229-230 in your textbook) and Concept 13.3 (pp. 257-260 in your textbook), and then use your understanding of mitosis and meiosis to evaluate whether the following sentence is true or false. If false, select the answer that provides the correct reason. Although the two medusae are genetically identical, a sperm produced by one will differ genetically from an egg produced by the other.
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True
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The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____.
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Porifera
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Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?
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gastrovascular cavity
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Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes?
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They are dorsoventrally flattened.
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Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____.
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parthenogenesis
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Ectoprocts and brachiopods are collectively referred to as _____.
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lophophorates
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Members of the phylum Mollusca _____.
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are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell
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Which of the following is true of annelids?
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They perform gas exchange across their skin.
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A marine biologist dredges up a small animal from the bottom of the ocean. It is uniformly segmented, with short, stiff appendages and soft, flexible skin. It has a complete digestive system and a closed circulatory system, plus multiple true coeloms. Based on this, you determine that the animal must be a(n) _____.
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annelid
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Nematodes and arthropods are the largest ecdysozoan phyla. Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply. Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages. Both nematodes and arthropods have segmented body plans. Nematodes possess a closed circulatory system. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Nematodes are acoelomate, whereas arthropods are coelomate. Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle. The cuticle in nematodes lengthens as the animal grows.
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Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle
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The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages: cheliceriforms (also called chelicerates); myriapods; insects and their relatives (together called hexapods); and crustaceans. Drag each word or phrase to the appropriate bin.
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cheliceriforms - possess clawlike feeding appendages, horseshoe crab, arachnids myriapods- millipedes and centipedes, exclusively terrestrial crustaceans- 2 pairs of antennae, crabs and isopods, primarily aquatic insects- butterfly, wings allow flight, body divided into head thorax and abdomen, 3 pairs of legs
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What structure is responsible for gas exchange in most spiders?
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book lungs
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Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans?
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sea stars