How does inflating a blood pressure cuff affect brachial artery blood flow?
answer
It restricts local circulation.
question
Other than the brain and heart, what organ would hypertension affect the most?
answer
kidney
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Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as __________.
answer
vasoconstriction.
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Which of the following types of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels?
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Distributing arteries
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Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones?
answer
middle layer
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from outside to inside?
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Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica interna
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The vessel layer that has a direct role in vasoconstriction is the
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tunica media
question
Elastic arteries
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closer to the heart; allow stretch as blood is pumped into them and recoil when ventricles relax.
Thick-walled, large vessels near the heart that conduct blood continuously away from the heart
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Tunica interna (tunica intima)*
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Contains the endothelium (made of simple squamous epithelium)
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The endothelium is composed of
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simple squamous epithelium
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An elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of
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muscular arteries.
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Which of the following is true when comparing arteries and veins?
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Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart.
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metarteriole is a vessel
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is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed
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Arterioles*
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Smallest arteries
small vessels that receive blood from the arteries.
Smallest of the vessels that lead into capillary beds
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Blood flows directly from __________ into capillary beds.
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arterioles
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Muscular arteries
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distribute blood to skeletal muscles and internal organs.
Smaller vessels that distribute blood to specific body organs
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Blood enters the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the __________.
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aorta
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Capillaries
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Smallest blood vessels with thin walls that allow exchange between blood and tissue cells
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All but which of the following blood vessels contain intercellular clefts?
answer
Arterioles
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Which of the following conditions would not increase the chances of developing varicose veins?
answer
Running in place
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Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the
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Capillaries and tissue cells
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The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the
answer
capillaries
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The vessels that exhibit the lowest level of permeability are the
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continuous capillaries
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veins
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blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
Contain valves to assist blood flow back toward heart
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Which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary?
answer
Precapillary sphincter
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When would the capillary beds surrounding the gastrointestinal organs be open?
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When digesting a meal
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Venules
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small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
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The presence of __________ stabilizes the wall of capillaries.
answer
pericytes
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The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the
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diameter of arterioles
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Up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in __________.
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veins
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diagram pg 657
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abdomen
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major arteries surrounding the brain pg 641
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brain
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Brachial artery
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Artery in the upper aspect of the arm.
Muscular artery traveling near the humerus bone
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Stretch of vascular smooth muscle
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Myogenic control of blood flow
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diagram pg 655
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torso
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Fluids would be likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if ___
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net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)
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Brachiocephalic trunk
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First major branch of the aortic arch
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diagram pg 653
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head
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diagram pg 658
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leg
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Left subclavian artery
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Brings blood to left arm.
Third major branch of the aortic arch
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Blood from the brain is returned to the heart via the
answer
superior vena cava
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Which of the following arteries branches to form the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery?
answer
Celiac trunk
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Blood flows from the lungs to the __________ via the __________.
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left atrium; pulmonary veins
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diagram pg 610
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artery and vein structure
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Coronary arteries
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Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
The only branches of the ascending aorta
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Brings oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
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Pulmonary veins
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The hepatic portal system collects blood from the __________ and then routes it to the __________.
answer
digestive organs; liver
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From what artery does the right common carotid artery arise?
answer
brachiocephalic trunk
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