Chapter 20 - Final

Arteries are sometimes called the ________vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong - resilient tissue structure A. resistance B. capacitance C. hydrodynamic D. compliance E. fenestrated

Which vessels have the thickest tunica media? A. small arteries B. small veins C. large arteries D. large veins E. capillaries

The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the ______and in large arteries and veins contains the _______. A. tunica media; smooth muscle B. tunica externa; vasa vasorum C. tunica externa; valves D. tunica intima; endothelium E. tunica intima; basement membrane

Where is the greatest volume of blood found in the body? A. pulmonary circuit B. heart C. arteries D. veins E. capillaries

Alternative routes of blood supply are called __________> A. metarterioles B. capillary beds C. preferred channels D. thoroughfare channels E. anastomoses

Which of the following is not a possible circulatory route from the heart? A. heart -> arteries -> capillary bed -> veins -> heart B. heart -> arteries -> capillary bed -> vein -> capillary bed -> veins -> heart C. heart -> arteries -> capillary bed -> vein -> capillary bed -> arteries -> heart D. heart -> arteries -> arterial anastomosis -> capillary bed -> veins -> heart E. heart -> arteries -> arterial anastomsis -> capillary bed -> venous anastomosis -> veins -> heart

Which of the following is associated with vasomotion? A. collagen and elastic tissue in the tunica media B. elastic tissue in the tunica externa C. endothelium in the tunica interna D. smooth muscle in the tunica media E. fenestrations in the tunica externa

In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. What causes the varicose veins? A. an aneurysm or weak point in an artery B. an aneurysm or weak point in an vein C. failure of the venous valves D. failure of the lymphatic valves E. a ruptured aneurysm in a vein

Which of the following would decrease the velocity of blood flow? A. increased viscosity B. increased blood pressure C. increased vessel radius D. increased afterload E. decreased vasomotion

What does the medullary ischemic reflex result in ? A. increased circulation to the brain B. reduced circulation to the brain C. ischemia of the medulla oblongata D. increased circulation to the adrenal medulla E. hormone secretion by the adrenal medulla when perfusion drops

Which of the following has the most important effect on blood velocity? A. blood viscosity B. vessel radius C. blood osmolarity D. hematocrit E. vessel length

What causes reactive hyperemia to increase tissue perfusion? A urinary controls B. neural controls C. hormonal controls D. local controls E. respiratory controls

Which of the following decreases blood pressure? A. Norepinephrine B. Antidiuretic hormone C. Angiotensin II D. Aldosterone E. Natriuretic peptides

Where is the vasomotor center located? A. Hypothalamus B. Medulla Oblongata C. Spinal Cord D. Cerebellum E. Cerebral Cortex

Hypertension is commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than _______. A. 180/90 B. 130/60 C. 120/75 D. 140/90 E. 200/90

Which of the following are powerful vasoconstrictors? A. norepinephrine and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B. norepinephrine and natiruretic peptides C. norepinephrine and angiotensin II D. epinephrine and aldosterone E. epinephrine and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following does not move substances across capillary walls? A. reabsorption B. filtration C. group transport D. transcytosis E. diffusion

What is the most important force driving filtration at the arterial end of a capillary? A. oncotic pressure B. tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure C. blood colloid osmotic pressure D. interstitial hydrostatic pressure E. blood hydrostatic pressure

What is taken up by the capillaries at their venous end? A. waste products B. oxygen C. glucose D. amino acids E. organic nutrients

What is the most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary? A. oncotic pressure B. tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure C. blood colloid osmotic pressure D. interstitial hydrostatic pressure E. blood hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following does not lead to edema? A. obstruction of lymphatic vessels B. liver disease C. famine D. hyperproteinemia E. hypertension

Which of the following would decrease capillary filtration? A. increased permeability of lymphatic capillaries B. dehydration C. increased capillary permeability D. dietary protein deficiency E. obstructed venous return

A mean arterial pressure below 60 mmHg can cause which of the following? A. neurogenic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. compensated shock D. cerebral edema E. syncope

Which of the following does not contribute to venous return? A. the difference of pressure between venules and the venae cavae B. the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during ventilation C. the suction created by the atria slightly expanding during ventricular systole D. widespread vasodilation E. contraction of skeletal muscle of the limbs

What type of shock can be produced by hemorrhage, severe burns, or dehydration? A. anaphylactic B. cardiogenic C. hypovolemic D. venous pooling E. neurogenic

What type of shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary permeability? A. compensated B. anaphylactic C. neurogenic D. cardiogenic E. septic

A bee sting can trigger a massive release of histamine, which causes _____ and an ________ in arterial blood pressure. A. vasodiliation; decrease B. vasodiliation; increase C. vasoconstriction; decrease D. vasoconstriction;increase E. vasoconstriction; oscillation

Myocardial infarction can lead to what type of shock? A. neurogenic B. cardiogenic C. obstructed venous return D. venous pooling (vascular) E. hypovolemic

What is the most important force in venous flow? A. cardiac suction B. the pressure generated by the heart C. the skeletal muscle pump D. the thoracic (respiratory) pump E. the one way flow due to valves

Blood flow to the _________ remains quite stable even when mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuates from 60 to 140 mmHg. A. hypothalamus B. adrenal gland C. stomach D. skeletal muscles E. kidneys

Pulmonary arteries have ________ blood pressure compared to systemic arteries A. similar B. a little lower C. considerably lower D. considerably higher E. a little higher

How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4 E. 8

The lungs receive a systemic blood supply by the way of which vessel(s) A. right pulmonary artery B. left pulmonary artery C. pulmonary veins D. bronchial arteries E. lobar arteries

Which of the following is absent in humans? A. right and left common carotid arteries B. right and left brachiocephalic arteries C. right and left brachiocephalic veins D. right and left subclavian veins E. right and left subclavian arteries

Which vessel supplies 80% of the cerebrum? A. superficial temporal artery B. occipital artery C. internal carotid artery D. anterior cerebral artery E. middle cerebral artery

Which of the following best describes the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)? A. an anastomosis surrounding the pituitary gland B. a portal system connecting the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary C. a short anastomosis found in the cerebellum D. formed by the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses E. an anastomosis circling the entire cortex

Which of the following constitutes the principal venous drainage of the thoracic organs? A. the branches of the celiac trunk B. the azygos system C. the mesenteric circulation D. the hepatic portal system E. the coronary and pulmonary veins

What is the longest vein commonly used in grafts in coronary bypass surgery? A. inferior vena cava B. femoral vein C. deep femoral vein D. great saphenous vein E. common iliac vein

What are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart? A. arteries B. arterioles C. veins D. capillaries

Which of the following routes of blood flow is correct? A. heart-> venule -> medium vein-> large vein -> capillary -> conducting artery -> distributing artery -> arteriole -> heart B. heart -> large vein -> medium vein -> venule -> capillary -> arteriole -> distributing artery -> conducting artery -> heart C. heart -> distributing artery -> conducting artery -> arteriole -> capillary -> venule -> large vein -> medium vein -> heart D. heart -> conducting artery -> distributing artery -> arteriole -> capillary -> venule -> medium vein -> large vein -> heart

Which of the following is a portal system? A. heart -> artery -> vein -> heart B. heart -> artery -> arteriole -> capillary bed -> arteriole -> capillary bed -> venule -> vein -> heart C. heart -> artery -> artery -> arteriole -> capillary bed -> venule -> vein -> heart D. heart -> artery -> arteriole -> capillary bed-> venule -> vein -> vein -> heart

why does our blood pressure generally go up as we age? A. our veins get hard and absorb less systolic force B. our veins get hard and absorb less diastolic force C. our arteries get hard and absorb less systolic force D. our arteries get hard and absorb less diastolic force

What might account for a soldier experiencing syncope after standing at attention for a long period of time? A. increased respiratory rate B. vasoconstriction C. increased heart rate D. venous pooling

How is venous return to your heart affected when you go for an easy jog? A. it is increased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity B. it is decreased due to decreased skeletal muscular pump activity C. it is decreased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity D. it is increased due to decreased skeletal muscular pump activity

While out hiking, a friend of yours falls and suffers a trauma. You notice they start to go into shock. What do you do to help? A. lie them down and elevate their head B. hold them upright in a standing position C. encourage them to sit up D. lie them down and elevate their legs

Which of the following activities would fatigue your hand muscles the fastest? A. squeezing a ball as hard as you can without stopping B. alternately squeezing a ball then relaxing C. bouncing a ball on the floor as many times as you can D. throwing a ball in the air and catching it as many times as you can

During exercise, arterioles to the skeletal muscles ________. A. dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites B. constrict in response to increased muscle metabolites C. dilate in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2 D. constrict in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2