Gas exchange is the only function of blood.
True
False
answer
False
*The blood has many functions, of which gas exchange is only one.
Section: 05.01
question
When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to?
roads
government building
grocery stores
waste recycling plant
power plant
answer
roads
*The cardiovascular system is similar to the roads which transport goods between all of the other places in the city.
Section: 05.01
question
Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol?
liver
stomach
kidneys
esophagus
large intestine
answer
liver
*The liver is often diseased because the liver removes toxins and chemicals from the blood. Excessive amounts of alcohol removed by the liver often damages the liver tissue.
Section: 05.01
question
What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?
heart and blood vessels
arteries and heart
veins and heart
arteries and veins
capillaries and veins
answer
heart and blood vessels
*The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood vessels.
Section: 05.01
question
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles.
True
False
answer
False
*Skeletal muscles are not considered part of the cardiovascular system.
Section: 05.01
question
The innermost layer of an artery is known as what?
mesothelium
endothelium
exothelium
hyperthelium
hypothelium
answer
endothelium
*The innermost layer of an artery is known as the endothelium.
Section: 05.02
question
The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels.
True
False
answer
True
*It is true that the cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels.
Section: 05.01
question
Which of the following blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?
arterioles
capillaries
venules
small arteries
veins
answer
capillaries
*Capillaries are narrow, microscopic tubes that are porous enough to allow for the exchange of substances at the tissue level of organization.
Section: 05.02
question
What is the role of the lymphatic system associated with the cardiovascular system?
collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system
collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system
producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system
producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system
prevention of infection
answer
collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system
*The key role of the lymphatic system as it is associated with the cardiovascular system is to collect excess tissue fluid and return it to the cardiovascular system.
Section: 05.01
question
What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule?
precapillary valve
endothelium
precapillary sphincter
pericardium
shunt valve
answer
precapillary sphincter
*The precapillary sphincter shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule.
Section: 05.02
question
Which body system will return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system?
lymphatic
urinary
neural
digestive
muscular
answer
lymphatic
*The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system.
Section: 05.01
question
When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why?
Veins return blood to the heart against gravity.
Arteries contain a greater volume of blood.
Veins have valves.
Arteries are under greater pressure.
Arteries have less smooth muscle than veins.
answer
Arteries are under greater pressure.
*Arteries are thicker and more elastic than veins because they are under greater pressure.
Section: 05.02
question
The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _______.
lymph
plasma
blood
tissue fluid
urine
answer
lymph
*Lymph is the excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system.
Section: 05.01
question
Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?
It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
It rises because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
It falls because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
It rises because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
It stays the same because venules, not arterioles, control blood pressure.
answer
It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
*When arterioles dilate blood pressure falls because of the increase in the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
Section: 05.02
question
Which arterial structure enables it to resist the blood pressure?
elastic tissue in the arterial wall
valves within artery
skeletal muscle within the arterial walls
precapillary sphincters
a wall composed only of endothelium
answer
elastic tissue in the arterial wall
*The elastic tissue in the arterial wall enables it to resist the blood pressure. Arteries do not contain valves, they are in the veins. The arteries do not contain skeletal muscle, instead they have smooth muscle. Precapillary sphincters control the blood flow through a capillary bed. Capillaries are the blood vessels that have a wall composed only of endothelium.
Section: 05.02
question
The walls of veins are thinner, so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can.
True
False
answer
False
*The walls of veins are thinner, so they can expand to a greater extent than can arteries.
Section: 05.02
question
Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries.
Networks of capillaries are called capillary nets.
Almost all capillaries are open at the same time.
The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.
Pre-capillary sphincters contract to increase capillary flow.
The walls of capillaries contain smooth muscle.
answer
The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.
*The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.
Section: 05.02
question
What is the function of valves in the veins?
increase the rate of blood flow
prevent the backward flow of blood
regulation of blood pressure
oxygenate the blood
remove debris from the blood
answer
prevent the backward flow of blood
*In the lower extremities, valves prevent the backflow of blood from occurring.
Section: 05.02
question
At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body?
veins
lungs
lymphatic vessels
capillaries
arteries
answer
veins
*Veins can serve as a blood reservoir, holding about 70% of the blood.
Section: 05.02
question
Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the ___.
middle
right
left
front
back
answer
right
*Normally, the apex of the heart is tilted to the left. In situs inversus the apex of the heart is tilted to the right.
Section: 05.03
question
What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart?
mesothelium
endothelium
pericardium
myocardium
epicardium
answer
pericardium
*The pericardium is a thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart.
Section: 05.03
question
What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
atria
auricles
AV valves
ventricles
septa
answer
atria
*The atria are the upper collecting chambers of the heart.
Section: 05.03
question
What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue?
atria and auricles
septae and chordae
intercalated disks
myocardium and pericardium
gap junctions and desmosomes
answer
gap junctions and desmosomes
*Gap junctions and desmosomes are types of cell junctions found in intercalated disks of the myocardium.
Section: 05.03
question
The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the ___________.
aorta
superior vena cava
left pulmonary vein
inferior vena cava
left common carotid artery
answer
aorta
*The right ventricle pumps blood out through the pulmonary trunk. The left ventricle pumps blood out through the aorta.
Section: 05.03
question
What are the string-like structures in the heart that anchor the valves?
cingulated pectorale
chordae tendinae
corpus albicans
corpus callosum
choroid plexus
answer
chordae tendinae
*The chordae tendinae are strong fibrous strings that serve to anchor the valves of the heart.
Section: 05.03
question
During open heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____________.
myocardium
left ventricle
pericardium
right ventricle
left atrium
answer
pericardium
*The heart is surrounded by a thick, membranous sac called the pericardium that would have to be cut through to reach the heart.
Section: 05.03
question
A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach?
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
aorta
answer
right atrium
*The veins from the body empty into the right atrium. Blood flow then enters the right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, and leaves the heart through the aorta.
Section: 05.03
question
Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs?
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
aorta
answer
right ventricle
*Blood leaves the right ventricle and enters the lungs.
Section: 05.03
question
If the left semilunar valve was blocked, where would blood accumulate?
lungs
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
answer
left ventricle
*The left ventricle contracts, sending blood through the semilunar valve into the aorta. If the valve was blocked, the blood would back up in the left ventricle.
Section: 05.03
question
The "lub" sound of the "lub-dup" heart beat is due to what?
the closing of the AV valves
the closing of the semilunar valves
the right atrium contracting
the left atrium contracting
the relaxation of both atria
answer
the closing of the AV valves
*The "lub" occurs when increasing pressure of blood inside a ventricle forces the cusps of the AV valves to slam shut.
Section: 05.03
question
The cardiac muscle is supplied with nutrients from the blood within the heart itself.
True
False
answer
False
*The cardiac muscle receives oxygen and nutrients from the coronary arteries.
Section: 05.03
question
Which of the following heart tissues is not part of the internal conduction system of the heart?
atrioventricular bundle
atrioventricular node
Purkinje fibers
sinoatrial node
semilunar valve
answer
semilunar valve
*Only the semilunar valve is not involved in the internal conduction system of the heart.
Section: 05.03
question
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
medulla oblongata
the sinoatrial node
the atrioventricular node
Purkinje fibers
atrioventricular bundle
answer
the sinoatrial node
*The sinoatrial node is called the pacemaker because it regulates heartbeat.
Section: 05.03
question
Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center?
cerebrum
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
pons
frontal lobe
answer
medulla oblongata
*The medulla oblongata contains the cardiac control center.
Section: 05.03
question
Lisa receives a dose of epinephrine. What does this do to her heart rate?
increases it
decreases it
stops it
does not alter it
makes it skip every other beat
answer
increases it
Epinephrine stimulates the heart to beat faster.
Section: 05.03
question
What does an ECG record?
brain activity
blood volume
heart sounds
hormonal changes
electrical changes
answer
electrical changes
*An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in myocardium during a cardiac cycle.
Section: 05.03
question
Tina's heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie. Which part of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid?
parasympathetic
somatic
sympathetic
axial
answer
sympathetic
*The sympathetic nervous system causes the heart to beat faster in responses associated with "fight or flight."
Section: 05.03
question
If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating?
140 beats per minute
35 beats per minute
70 beats per minute
120 beats per minute
80 beats per minute
answer
70 beats per minute
*Normally, the pulse rate indicates the heart rate because the arterial walls pulse whenever the left ventricle contracts.
Section: 05.04
question
Which of the following could be used to take a pulse?
radial vein
radial artery
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
renal capillaries
answer
radial artery
*It is customary to feel the pulse by placing several fingers on the radial artery. The rhythmic expansion and recoil of an arterial wall can be felt as a pulse in any artery that runs close to the body's surface.
Section: 05.04
question
Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has __________.
normal blood pressure
prehypertension
hypotension
stage 1 hypertension
stage 2 hypertension
answer
stage 1 hypertension
Stage 1 hypertension has a systolic number between 140 and 159, and a diastolic number between 90 and 99.
Section: 05.04
question
What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure?
stethoscope
CPR
sphygmomanometer
ECG
AED
answer
sphygmomanometer
*A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure.
Section: 05.04
question
A blood pressure of 90/40 is considered normal.
True
False
answer
False
*This would be considered hypotension. Normal blood pressure is 120/80.
Section: 05.04
question
Diastolic pressure is when the heart atria are relaxing.
True
False
answer
False
*False, the diastolic pressure is when the heart ventricles are relaxing.
Section: 05.04
question
A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight will have problems will blood pooling below the knees. Why?
The valves in the leg veins don't work above a certain altitude.
Blood pressure drops on long airplane flights.
The respiratory pump is not helping blood return to the heart.
The capillaries expand at high altitudes.
The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.
answer
The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.
*The skeletal muscle pump functions every time a muscle contracts. If the person is not moving, the muscles do not contract, and the blood pools in the lower extremities.
Section: 05.04
question
Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart?
systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
diastolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
systolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing
diastolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing
diastolic pressure, atria are contracting, ventricles are relaxing
answer
systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
*The highest arterial pressure is the top number, called the systolic pressure. This is reached during ejection of blood from the heart.
Section: 05.04
question
Where in the body is blood pressure the highest?
superior vena cava
aorta
inferior vena cava
lung capillaries
renal capillaries
answer
aorta
*Blood pressure is highest in the aorta.
Section: 05.04
question
Blood pressure ______ with distance from the left ventricle while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels __________.
decreases, increases
increases, decreases
stays the same, decreases
stays the same, increases
decreases, stays the same
answer
decreases, increases
*Blood pressure decreases with distance from the left ventricle because the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels increases.
Section: 05.04
question
Why does blood move slower in the capillaries compared to the arterioles?
Capillaries are much wider than arterioles.
Blood pressure is much higher in capillaries than in arterioles.
There are many more capillaries than arterioles.
Precapillary sphincters close shunting blood into capillaries.
Capillaries are present in muscles while arterioles are not.
answer
There are many more capillaries than arterioles.
*There are many more capillaries than arterioles and the increase in cross-sectional area causes a decrease in blood flow.
Section: 05.04
question
Blood pressure plays a major role in returning venous blood to the heart.
True
False
answer
False
*Blood pressure plays only a small role in returning venous blood to the heart. Venous return is dependent on the skeletal muscle pump, the respiratory pump, and valves in veins.
Section: 05.04
question
What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit?
femoral
carotid
pulmonary
hepatic
aorta
answer
aorta
*The aorta is the largest artery in the systemic circuit.
Section: 05.05
question
Which blood vessel will supply oxygenated blood directly to the femoral artery?
common iliac artery
femoral vein
aorta
common iliac vein
inferior vena cava
answer
common iliac artery
The common iliac artery will directly supply oxygenated blood to the femoral vein. This blood then goes to the lower leg capillaries which then go to the lower leg veins which then go to the femoral vein which then go to the common iliac vein which then empties into the inferior vena cava. The aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the common iliac artery.
Section: 05.05
question
What system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver?
cephalic
hepatic portal
coronary
celiac
lymphatic
answer
hepatic portal
*The hepatic portal system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver.
Section: 05.05
question
Which of the following is the largest artery of the systemic circuit?
aorta
vena cava
femoral artery
carotid artery
pulmonary artery
answer
aorta
*The aorta is the largest artery of the systemic circuit. The vena cava is a vein of the systemic circuit. The femoral artery and carotid artery are not as large as the aorta. The pulmonary artery is part of the pulmonary circuit.
Section: 05.05
question
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit?
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
answer
right ventricle
Section: 05.05
question
Which blood vessel will have the greatest amount of oxygen?
femoral artery
pulmonary artery
vena cava
jugular
all of these are equal
answer
femoral artery
*The femoral artery is the only blood vessel listed that carries oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood to the heart and the jugular carries deoxygenated blood from the brain to the vena cava.
Section: 05.05
question
The systemic circuit contains more blood at any one time than does the pulmonary circuit.
True
False
answer
True
The systemic circuit is a much larger circuit and contains many more blood vessels. It contains more blood than does the pulmonary circuit.
Section: 05.05
question
Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
vena cava
aorta
all of these carry deoxygenated blood
answer
pulmonary artery
*The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The vena cava is not part of the pulmonary circuit. The aorta is not part of the pulmonary circuit and carries oxygenated blood.
Section: 05.05
question
The blood from the digestive tract travels through two different veins before reaching the inferior vena cava.
True
False
answer
True
*The blood from the digestive tract travels through the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein before reaching the inferior vena cava.
Section: 05.05
question
The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the liver to the digestive tract.
True
False
answer
False
*False, the hepatic portal vein carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver.
Section: 05.05
question
At the arterial end of a capillary, blood pressure is more important than osmotic pressure to cause water to exit the capillary.
True
False
answer
True
*It is true that at the arterial end of a capillary, blood pressure is more important than osmotic pressure to cause water to exit the capillary.
Section: 05.06
question
In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen-____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-_____ blood.
rich, rich
poor, poor
rich, poor
poor, rich
answer
rich, poor
*In the pulmonary circuit, the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the lungs. In the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
Section: 05.05
question
What happens to the excess fluid that leaves the capillaries at the venous end?
The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries.
There is no excess fluid, 100% always returns to the capillary beds.
The excess fluid is excreted by the kidneys.
The excess fluid is reabsorbed by the intestines.
The excess fluid will accumulate in the cells causing them to rupture.
answer
The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries.
*The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries. There is always some fluid left over since 100% does not return to the venous capillaries. It is not excreted or reabsorbed by the kidneys. It doesn't accumulate in the cells causing them to rupture.
Section: 05.06
question
All veins carry oxygen-poor blood.
True
False
answer
False
*The pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood so this is not a true statement.
Section: 05.05
question
If fluid is leaving a capillary and entering the tissue, which of the following statements is true?
Red blood cells are able to leave the capillary.
Plasma proteins are able to leave the capillary.
Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure.
This is the venous end of the capillary.
The net pressure is in.
answer
Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure.
*At the arterial end of the capillary, blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure, and tissue fluid leaves the capillary and enters the tissue.
Section: 05.06
question
Tissue fluid leaving the arterial end of the capillary is balanced by tissue fluid entering the venous end of the capillary.
True
False
answer
False
*Some tissue fluid does not re-enter the capillary and is collected by the lymphatic system.
Section: 05.06
question
Tissue fluid contains lower amounts of protein than does plasma.
True
False
answer
True
*Tissue fluid tends to contain all components of plasma, except much lower amounts of proteins, which are too large to readily pass out of the capillary.
Section: 05.06
question
If a person is dehydrated, how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries?
It will have no effect.
Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues.
Oxygen will not leave the capillary and enter the tissues.
Carbon dioxide will not leave the tissues and enter the capillary.
Plasma proteins will be able to leave the capillary and enter the tissues.
answer
Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues.
*If a person is dehydrated, this will increase their osmotic pressure (more solutes dissolved in the liquid fraction of the blood). This would result in less water leaving the capillaries and entering the tissues.
Section: 05.06
question
What is the bursting of a blood vessel called?
embolus
aneurysm
thrombus
myocardial infarction
stroke
answer
aneurysm
*An aneurysm is another name for a ballooning or bulging of a blood vessel.
Section: 05.07
question
The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease?
hypotension
aneurysm
hypertension
atherosclerosis
infarction
answer
atherosclerosis
*The AHA recommends such a diet to prevent the onset and development of atherosclerosis.
Section: 05.07
question
Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease?
Know your cholesterol level.
Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C).
Raise the LDL intake.
Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream.
Exercise moderately.
answer
Raise the LDL intake.
*Raising the low density lipoprotein level (LDL) is not recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Section: 05.07
question
Generally, there are no symptoms of hypertension.
True
False
answer
True
*Hypertension is sometimes called a silent killer, because there are no symptoms present.
Section: 05.07
question
What drug may protect against having a first heart attack?
acetominophen
aspirin
ACE
t-PA
beta-blockers
answer
aspirin
*There is evidence that aspirin protects against first heart attacks.
Section: 05.07
question
What is a stent?
a cylinder of expandable metal mesh
time spent in recovery after coronary bypass surgery
a treatment for phlebitis
an instrument that regulates the heartbeat
a treatment to lower blood pressure
answer
a cylinder of expandable metal mesh
*A stent is a cylinder of expandable metal mesh that is positioned inside a coronary artery.
Section: 05.07
question
Which of the following is not a symptom of a heart attack?
feeling of pressure in the chest
dizziness
nausea and vomiting
diarrhea
shortness of breath
answer
diarrhea
All are symptoms of a heart attack except for diarrhea.
Section: 05.07
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