Bio Chap 23 Practice Questions

25 July 2022
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question
In which of the following animals are blood and interstitial fluid the same? flatworm fish dog grasshopper
answer
grasshopper
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Which of the following best describes an artery? Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. Arteries contain valves. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries have thin walls compared with veins.
answer
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
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Which answer choice lists the correct order of blood flow? right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle right atrium, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle left ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, right atrium, right ventricle
answer
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle
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Which statement regarding the direction of blood flow and the oxygen content of blood vessels is true? Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. Arteries move blood to the atria of the heart. Veins transport blood from the heart to the capillaries.
answer
Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
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In which of the following are you likely to find oxygen-rich blood? aorta right atrium pulmonary artery right ventricle
answer
aorta
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During ventricular systole, blood flows _____. into the ventricles from the left ventricle into the aorta, and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries from the ventricles into the pulmonary veins into both atria
answer
from the left ventricle into the aorta, and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries
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What is the function of the AV node? The AV node assures the unidirectional flow of blood from the atria into the ventricles. The AV node initiates a nerve impulse across the atria. The AV node relays the signal for cardiac muscle contraction to the ventricles. The AV node assures the unidirectional flow of blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.
answer
The AV node relays the signal for cardiac muscle contraction to the ventricles.
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Which of the following have valves? capillaries venules arteries veins
answer
veins
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Blood pressure is lowest in _____. capillaries the venae cavae arteries arterioles
answer
the venae cavae The venae cavae, which complete the return of blood to the heart, are farthest from the pumping force of the heart.
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How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls? endocytosis diffusion exocytosis osmosis
answer
diffusion
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What process are leukocytes involved in? fighting infections blood clotting oxygen transport maintenance of osmotic balance between blood and interstitial fluid
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fighting infections
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Why do leukemia patients sometimes need a bone marrow transplant? Leukemia treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, destroy the patient's own marrow. A bone marrow transplant may be needed to counteract the increase in white blood cell count with a greater number of red blood cells. Leukemia causes a person's own bone marrow to stop producing erythrocytes. If the patient does not respond to standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments, a bone marrow transplant is another treatment option.
answer
If the patient does not respond to standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments, a bone marrow transplant is another treatment option.
question
Which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system? a human a bird an insect a whale
answer
an insect
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The open circulatory system _____. restricts the backflow of blood by valves in the trachea does not rely on muscle contraction is less common in grasshoppers and other insects than in mice and snakes allows interstitial fluid to mix freely with vascular fluid
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allows interstitial fluid to mix freely with vascular fluid
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Which animal has a closed circulatory system? beetle snail fish hydra
answer
fish
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Closed circulatory systems _____. have capillaries lack a heart lack veins lack blood
answer
have capillaries
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The function of the pulmonary circuit is to _____. carry oxygen and nutrients to tissues where they are needed retrieve waste products from the body tissues carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and pick up oxygen from the lungs carry blood through the heart, lungs, and all of the body tissues
answer
carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and pick up oxygen from the lungs
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In a fish, the cardiovascular system has a _____ pump, whereas in a mammal, it has a _____ pump. single ... double quadruple ... double single ... quadruple double ... quadruple
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single ... double
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What is unique about blood in pulmonary arteries compared with blood in other arteries? It is moving toward the heart. It is loaded with carbon dioxide. It is moving away from the heart. Blood in pulmonary arteries is always blue; it is red in all other arteries.
answer
It is loaded with carbon dioxide.
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Which chamber(s) of the heart hold(s) oxygen-rich blood? left ventricle and left atrium left atrium only right atrium and right ventricle both left and right atria
answer
left ventricle and left atrium
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Where does blood go directly after it leaves the inferior vena cava? into the capillaries of the upper body into the right atrium into the lungs into the pulmonary artery
answer
into the right atrium
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Which of the following correctly traces a drop of blood through the circulatory system? left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body, left atrium left ventricle, lungs, left atrium, right ventricle, body, right atrium right ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, body, left atrium right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right atrium
answer
right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right atrium The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the blood returns to the left atrium. The left atrium empties into the left ventricle, which is the large muscular chamber that pumps blood to the rest of the body. Veins returning blood to the heart empty into the two venae cavae, which return blood to the right atrium.
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Emphysema damages the tissues of the lungs and increases peripheral resistance, forcing the heart to increase its contraction strength to compensate. In which of the following would changes first be detectable? right atrium aorta left atrium right ventricle
answer
right ventricle
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Which of the following contains oxygen-poor blood? left atrium pulmonary vein pulmonary artery left ventricle
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pulmonary artery
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Heart valves function to _____. keep blood moving forward through the heart slow blood down as it passes through the heart control the amount of blood pumped by the heart mix blood thoroughly as it passes through the heart
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keep blood moving forward through the heart
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Atrial systole lasts approximately _____. 0.3 second 0.1 second 0.4 second 1 second
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0.1 second
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What is the cardiac output of a person whose pulse is 80 beats per minute with a stroke volume of 60 milliliters per beat? 4,000 ml 60 140 4,800 ml
answer
4,800 ml
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Ventricles contract during _____. at the same time that atria contract diastole systole the time the semilunar valves close
answer
systole
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What total information is necessary to calculate the cardiac output of the heart? liters of blood pumped per minute the amount of blood exiting the ventricle with each beat the volume of blood in the circulatory system the number of beats per minute
answer
liters of blood pumped per minute
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During systole of the ventricles, _____. both the AV and semilunar valves open the AV valves open and the semilunar valves close the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open both the AV and semilunar valves close
answer
the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open
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When the heart beats, a "lub-dup" sound pattern is heard. What causes the "lub" sound? the closure of the semilunar valves during systole a defect in one or more of the heart valves the recoil of blood against the closed AV valves during systole the closure of the semilunar valves during diastole
answer
the recoil of blood against the closed AV valves during systole
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A recording of the electrical activity of a patient's heart shows that the atria are contracting regularly and normally, but every few beats the ventricles fail to contract. Which of the following is probably functioning improperly? AV node semilunar valve coronary artery pacemaker
answer
AV node
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The SA node generates an electrical impulse from its location in the _____. right atrium, causing atrial contraction left atrium, causing ventricular contraction left ventricle wall, from which the impulse is carried to specialized muscle fibers that relay the signals to the tips of the ventricles left ventricle, causing atrial contraction
answer
right atrium, causing atrial contraction
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Atherosclerosis is _____. the noncontracting scar tissue that replaces heart muscle when heart vessels are blocked severe pain of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen the result of balloon angioplasty buildup of lipids along the inside of heart vessels
answer
buildup of lipids along the inside of heart vessels
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What is the physiological cause of a heart attack? severe angina a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart rupture of coronary arteries a blood clot moving through the heart
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a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart
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_____ is the leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer Heart attack Stroke Homicide
answer
Heart attack
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What is meant by the term stroke? an abnormally low number of red blood cells the death of brain tissue as a result of the blockage of blood flow to the head the spread of cancer cells from the site of a tumor to other sites in the body the death of heart muscle as a result of the blockage of coronary arteries
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the death of brain tissue as a result of the blockage of blood flow to the head
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Which of these increases your risk of cardiovascular disease? a diet low in cholesterol smoking exercise a diet low in saturated fat
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smoking
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The blood vessels with the thinnest walls are the _____. arteries arterioles capillaries venules
answer
capillaries
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From outside to inside, the tissue layers of both arteries and veins are composed of _____. epithelium connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelium epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle smooth muscle, epithelium
answer
connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelium
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_____ transport blood to capillaries, and _____ transport blood away from capillaries. Arterioles ... venules Venules ... arteries Arteries ... arterioles Veins ... arteries
answer
Arterioles ... venules
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Pressure is greatest in the ventricles when _____. oxygen-rich blood arrives at the right ventricle the ventricles contract AV valves are open and semilunar valves are closed oxygen-rich blood arrives at the left atrium
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the ventricles contract
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In which of the following blood vessels are pressure and velocity highest? arteries veins capillaries aorta
answer
aorta
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Blood pressure is lowest in the _____. venae cavae arteries aorta capillaries
answer
venae cavae
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Your blood pressure is 120/70. The "120" indicates _____, and the "70" indicates _____. arterial pressure ... venous pressure pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the right ventricle pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the left atrium arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure during heart relaxation
answer
arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure during heart relaxation
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High blood pressure is also known as _____. hypertension hypotension hypertonic anemia
answer
hypertension
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Chronic high blood pressure contributes to _____. heart attack risk risk of kidney failure All of the listed responses are correct. stroke risk
answer
All of the listed responses are correct.
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What is responsible for the sounds that are used to measure blood pressure? uneven blood flow through an artery the recoil of blood against closed AV valves the closing of the semilunar valves leaky heart valves
answer
uneven blood flow through an artery
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Which of the following can increase your risk of developing hypertension? being born a female (and staying young) exercising genetics maintaining proper weight
answer
genetics
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The contraction of _____ muscle will inhibit the flow of blood into an arteriole. smooth striated skeletal cardiac
answer
smooth
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The distribution of blood to capillaries is controlled by _____. aortic blood pressure smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood from arteries into arterioles and the precapillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood from arterioles into capillaries smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into venules valves that are found at the junction of arterioles and capillaries
answer
smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood from arteries into arterioles and the precapillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood from arterioles into capillaries
question
Gases diffuse across a capillary wall, moving between the _____ and _____. blood ... water oxygen ... carbon dioxide blood ... interstitial fluid blood ... body tissue
answer
blood ... interstitial fluid
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At the arteriole end of a capillary, blood pressure _____ osmotic pressure so that there is a net flow of fluid _____ the capillary; at the venous end, blood pressure _____ osmotic pressure so that there is a net flow of fluid _____ the capillary. is less than ... out of ... exceeds ... into exceeds ... out of ... is less than ... into exceeds ... out of ... exceeds ... into exceeds ... into ... is less than ... out of
answer
exceeds ... out of ... is less than ... into
question
Which of the following is a type of white blood cell? leukocyte monocyte erythrocyte platelet
answer
monocyte
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The major component of plasma is _____. fibrinogen water albumin erythrocytes
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water
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Which of these transport oxygen? monocytes platelets erythrocytes basophils
answer
erythrocytes
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At maturity, _____ lack nuclei. smooth muscle cells skeletal muscle cells eosinophils erythrocytes
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erythrocytes Erythrocytes lack both nuclei and mitochondria.
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Where is erythropoietin made? in the liver in the heart in the red bone marrow in the kidneys
answer
in the kidneys
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The primary sealant that plugs leaks in blood vessels is _____. fibrin white blood cells albumin plasma
answer
fibrin
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When the epithelium that lines a blood vessel is damaged, _____ adhere to the exposed tissue and begin to form a plug that helps stop blood loss. platelets fibrin fibrinogen heparin
answer
platelets
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The red bone marrow has two different types of stem cells that can differentiate into blood cells. These stem cells are _____. lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells eosinophils and monocytes multipotent stem cells and lymphocytes erythrocytes and lymphocytes
answer
lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells
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Which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system? Spiders Squid Dogs Earthworms
answer
Spiders
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Which of the following components is not found in all circulatory systems? A cavity within the body that allows organs to be bathed directly in blood A network of blood vessels through which blood travels to all parts of the body Blood A "heart" that pumps fluid throughout the body
answer
A cavity within the body that allows organs to be bathed directly in blood
question
In which of the following animals are blood and interstitial fluid the same? fish grasshopper dog flatworm
answer
grasshopper With an open circulatory system, the body fluid, called hemolymph, bathes the organs directly so that there is not a distinction between blood and interstitial fluid.
question
Which artery supplies the frog's head with oxygenated blood? Systemic arch Pulmocutaneous arch Carotid arch
answer
Carotid arch
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Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left side of the ventricle? It collects oxygenated blood from the lungs. It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circuit. It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmocutaneous circuit. It collects deoxygenated blood from the lungs.
answer
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circuit.
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True or false. In frogs, blood flows through the pulmocutaneous circuit between the heart and the lungs and skin and through the systemic circuit between the heart and the rest of the body. True False
answer
True
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Which of the following statements best describes "deoxygenated" blood? It has lost some of its oxygen after passing through the lungs or gills. It has gained oxygen after passing through the body's tissues. It has gained oxygen after passing through the heart. It has lost some of its oxygen to the body's tissues.
answer
It has lost some of its oxygen to the body's tissues.
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Which of the following statements about blood circulation in fish is true? Blood enters the heart ventricle and then is pumped to the atrium. Oxygen-rich blood is transported from the gills to the heart, which then pumps the blood to the body's cells. Valves in the heart prevent blood from entering more than one chamber at a time. The chambers of the fish heart contract simultaneously.
answer
Valves in the heart prevent blood from entering more than one chamber at a time.
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Blood returns to the heart via the _____. aorta pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins aorta and pulmonary arteries aorta and pulmonary veins
answer
pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
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From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava
answer
left atrium
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From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava
answer
right atrium Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae.
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From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava
answer
inferior vena cava
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Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left ventricle? It collects deoxygenated blood from the lungs. It collects oxygenated blood from the lungs. It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.
answer
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation.
question
Which of the following statements about blood circulation in humans is true? As the right ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood through the aorta to all tissues of the body. During one cardiac cycle, the two ventricles contract first, and then the two atria contract. Deoxygenated blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is carried to the right atrium. Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.
answer
Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles. Valves are flaps of tissue that close when the ventricles contract to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and also when the ventricles relax to prevent the backflow of blood from exiting vessels to the ventricles.
question
True or false? The circulatory system of humans is composed of two loops: the systemic circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and lungs, and the pulmonary circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and the rest of the body. True False
answer
False The statement is false.The pulmonary circulation pumps blood between the heart and lungs, whereas the systemic circulation pumps blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
question
Arteries carry blood _____. away from capillaries away from the heart and away from the lungs to the heart and away from the lungs to the heart only away from the heart only
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away from the heart only
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From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs posterior vena cava
answer
left atrium
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From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs posterior vena cava
answer
right atrium
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From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs posterior vena cava
answer
posterior vena cava
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Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____. capillaries of the lungs capillaries of the abdominal organs capillaries of the hind limbs capillaries of the head and forelimbs capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs
answer
capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs
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The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls. aorta capillaries posterior vena cava pulmonary artery right ventricle
answer
capillaries
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Blood pressure is highest in the _____. aorta posterior vena cava anterior vena cava pulmonary artery capillaries
answer
aorta
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During the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, _____. the heart is relaxed and all of the valves are open the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed the atrioventricular valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open the heart is relaxed and all of the valves are closed
answer
the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed
question
During a heartbeat, the AV node _____. delays the signal from the pacemaker to cardiac muscle fibers relays electrical signals to the apex of the heart triggers strong contractions that propel blood from the heart sets the pace of the heart
answer
delays the signal from the pacemaker to cardiac muscle fibers
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During the phase of the cardiac cycle called ________ , the entire heart is relaxed and blood flows into all four chambers.
answer
diastole
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During the phase of the cardiac cycle called _______ , the heart contracts beginning with the atria and then the ventricles.
answer
systole
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When the ventricles contract, _____ snap closed.
answer
the atrioventricular (AV) valves
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A defective heart valve can be identified by the sound of a(n) ____.
answer
heart murmur
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The ______, or pacemaker, initiates the heartbeat by generating electrical impulses that spread across both atria.
answer
sinoatrial (SA) node
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Impulses are delayed briefly at the _____ and are then transmitted through special fibers to the base of the ventricles. Strong contractions begin at the apex of the heart and drive blood up and out of the heart.
answer
atrioventricular(AV) node
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A(n) _____ records the electrical changes that occur during the heartbeat and provides data on the health of the heart.
answer
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
question
How do arteries regulate blood flow? by constricting or relaxing their smooth muscle layer by allowing blood to flow back to the heart at low velocity and pressure by shifting blood flow toward or away from the surface of the body through the use of one-way valves that permit blood flow only toward the heart
answer
by constricting or relaxing their smooth muscle layer
question
You are studying a vessel with a smooth muscle layer and valves. What kind of vessel could this be? arteriole capillary vein artery
answer
vein
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Blood pressure is lowest in _____. the venae cavae arterioles capillaries arteries
answer
the venae cavae
question
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be considered to be indicative of hypertension? 135/70 130/90 120/80 120/110
answer
120/110 A diastolic pressure of greater than 90 mmHg is high blood pressure.
question
Precapillary sphincters _____. control how much blood leaves a capillary bed control how much blood enters a particular capillary bed regulate the distribution of blood in capillary beds control how much blood enters digestive tissues
answer
regulate the distribution of blood in capillary beds
question
The role of ventricles is to _____. pump blood through arteries pump blood through veins receive blood from an artery receive blood from a vein
answer
pump blood through arteries