Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones?
answer
hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes both releasing and inhibiting hormones.
question
Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger?
answer
epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, are responsible for the "fight or flight" response.
question
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of ________ in response to stress.
answer
glucocorticoids. In response to stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids.
question
_______ are the main male hormones
answer
Androgens. Such as testosterone, are the main male hormones.
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What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?
answer
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) A diuretic promotes water loss; thus it makes sense that ADH (secreted by the anterior pituitary) promotes water conservation.
question
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?
Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes?
answer
luteinizing hormone (LH) LH stimulates hormone production by both the ovaries and testes.
question
Which hormone stimulates milk production?
answer
prolactin. Secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates milk production by the mammary glands.
question
Which of these endocrine disorders is associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin?
answer
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
question
Which of these statements comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system is true?
answer
The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system.
question
Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
answer
insulin: diabetes insipidus
question
The target cells of an endocrine gland _______
answer
have specific receptors for the hormone. Only cells with the appropriate receptors can respond to a particular hormone.
question
Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system?
answer
salivary gland
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All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?
answer
Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system
question
Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in
answer
association with a cell's plasma membrane. Since nonsteroid hormones do not cross a cell's plasma membrane, their receptors are located in association with the plasma membrane.
question
Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?
answer
epinephrine and oxytocin
question
How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones?
answer
nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways. Since they do not enter the cell, nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways.
question
______ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas ________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells.
answer
steroid; nonsteroid
question
Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland is closely regulated by the _______
answer
hypothalamus
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Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation?
answer
oxytocin and prolactin
question
Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the following glands, EXCEPT the
answer
adrenal medulla
question
The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?
TSH
PRL
LH
ACTH
ADH
answer
ADH
question
Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?
answer
It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.
question
Hypersecretion of ADH results in
answer
diabetes insipidus
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Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in
answer
dwarfism
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The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the
answer
hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones to the anterior pituitary and produces the hormones released by the posterior pituitary.
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From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released?
answer
posterior pituitary. These hormones are produced in the hypothalamus, but they are released from the posterior pituitary, which does not produce its own hormones.
question
How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?
answer
They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary. The releasing hormones from the hypothalamus travel through the blood vessels (capillaries) from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
question
The most accurate statement about FSH is
answer
FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development
question
The most accurate statement about LH is
answer
LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation
question
Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete _______, whereas beta cells secrete _________
