Chapter 16 Homework

Which of the following hormones is stimulated by stress? A) thyroid-stimulating hormone B) prolactin C) adrenocorticotropic hormone D) follicle-stimulating hormone

Identify the thyroid gland. A B C D

Identify the pancreas. A B C D

Which of the following is NOT representative of endocrine glands? A) They produce hormones. B) They drain into blood vessels. C) They have ducts. D) They drain into lymph vessels.

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland? A) pituitary B) thyroid C) adenoid D) adrenal

Activated protein kinases can then phosphorylate a variety of intracellular proteins to elicit the cell's response to the hormone.

Which of the following enzymes are important in the deactivation of cAMP and termination of signaling? A) phosphodiesterase B) protein kinase C) adenylate cyclase D) G protein

At which point has the hormone bound to its intracellular receptor but not yet entered the nucleus? A B C D

Which of the following is NOT a major type of stimulus that triggers endocrine glands to manufacture and release hormones? A) enzymatic B) humoral C) neural D) hormonal

Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified? A) antagonism B) permissiveness C) synergism D) summation

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of water-soluble hormones? A) intracellular receptors B) free in plasma C) act through second messengers D) short half-life in blood

What area of the brain is designated by letter A? A) limbic system B) hypothalamus C) thalamus D) pineal gland

What hormone released into the blood (shown by letter D) by the posterior pituitary inhibits or prevents urine formation? A) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) B) oxytocin C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) cortisol

Where are the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored? A B C D

Hypersecretion of what hormone can produce the effects of gigantism in the individual in the center of this image? A) aldosterone B) growth hormone (GH) C) thyroid hormones (TH) D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

What gland secretes growth hormone? A) posterior pituitary B) anterior pituitary C) adrenal cortex D) thyroid gland

Where is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) made? A) anterior pituitary B) posterior pituitary C) follicular cells of the thyroid gland D) hypothalamus

What is the target organ of thyroid hormones' metabolic effects? A) anterior pituitary B) hypothalamus C) cells of the body D) thyroid

Which of these would be an effect of an excess of thyroid hormones? A) More thyroid hormone would be produced. B) A would release less TRH. C) B would release more TSH. D) The thyroid would swell and produce a goiter.

What is the name for the type of hormone, secreted by the pituitary that regulates other endocrine organs? A) tropins B) somatostatins C) somatotropins D) growth hormones

Which of the following hormones stimulates an increase in basal metabolic rate as a tropic hormone? A) prolactin B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone D) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload? A) oxytocin B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone D) antidiuretic hormone

What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones? A) humoral stimuli B) neural stimuli (from the sympathetic division of the ANS) C) hormonal stimuli D) All of the listed responses are correct.

What material is stored in the thyroid follicles? A) enzymes that produce thyroglobulin B) pure iodine, so the thyroid has a constant supply C) iodinated thyroglobulin, from which thyroid hormone can be released D) thyroid hormones, ready to be immediately released

What type of cell is shown at letter C? A) beta cells B) parathyroid cells C) parafollicular cells D) follicular cells

What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release? A) neural B) humoral C) paracrine D) hormonal

Which of the following glands increases blood calcium levels? A) thyroid B) adrenal C) parathyroid D) pituitary

What hormone, indicated by letter B, is released by the anterior pituitary to target the adrenal cortex when we are under stress? A) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) B) angiotensin II C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Which of these conditions would promote aldosterone release from the adrenal glands? A) An increase in blood pressure is sensed in the heart. B) Blood potassium levels fall. C) The body becomes parasympathetically activated. D) A drop in blood pressure is sensed in the kidney.

Which of the following hormones is stimulated by stress? A) thyroid-stimulating hormone B) prolactin C) adrenocorticotropic hormone D) follicle-stimulating hormone

Which hormone is essential to our ability to maintain our fluid levels? A) cortisol B) aldosterone C) thyroxine D) insulin

Which of the following pairs correctly matches the adrenal gland zone, or area, with the class of hormones it produces? A) zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids B) medulla: glucocorticoids C) zona fasciculata: catecholemines D) zona reticularis: aldosterone

Which of the following best describes the hypoglycemic effect of insulin? A) Insulin allows entry of glucose into most body cells. B) Insulin encourages catabolism of glycogen into glucose. C) Insulin encourages synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and noncarbohydrate molecules. D) Insulin encourages release of glucose into the blood by liver cells.

Variance in which of the following hormones is responsible for diabetes mellitus (DM)? A) glucagon B) aldosterone C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) insulin

Which of the following triggers the release of glucagon? A) hyperglycemia B) release of insulin C) somatostatin D) a decrease in blood glucose levels

Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis? A) creation of glycogen from glucose B) conversion of glucose to fat C) synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources D) breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Which of the following is NOT believed to be linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)? A) regular cardiovascular exercise B) weight gain C) predisposing genetic factors D) poor diet

When blood glucose levels are high A) The liver releases glucagon. B) The pancreas releases glucose. C) The pancreas releases insulin. D) The pancreas releases glucagon. E) The liver releases insulin.

A liver cell responds to insulin by A) Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. B) Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. C) Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose. D) Releasing glucagon. E) Releasing insulin.

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? A) Muscle cells. B) Intestinal cells. C) Liver cells D) Cells in the pancreas. E) Liver cells and cells in the pancreas.

Body cells that respond to insulin include A) Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body. B) Liver cells and muscle cells only. C) Intestinal cells only. D) Muscle cells only. E) Liver cells only.

When blood glucose levels are low A) Liver cells convert more glucose to glycogen. B) The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. C) The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. D) The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. E) The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease.

Which of the following exhibits an antagonistic relationship? A) PTH/aldosterone B) TSH/thyroxin C) renin/ANP D) insulin/glucagon

Which of the following brain structures would cause central diabetes insipidus if it were damaged? A) cerebrum B) pons C) cerebellum D) hypothalamus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an absolute insulin deficiency resulting from insulin hyposecretion and requires insulin replacement therapy. Which of the following conditions would NOT be associated with this particular disorder? A) loss of beta-islet cells B) destruction of beta-islet cells C) absence of beta-islet cells D) increased insulin resistance

Which of these glands is responsible for regulating minerals in the body but is also part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? A B C D

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that travel through the blood and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________. A) antibodies B) enzymes C) proteins D) hormones

John tells you that cholesterol is bad and should be eliminated from the diet. You explain to him that cholesterol is important. Which of the following hormones are synthesized from cholesterol? A) thyroxine B) growth hormone C) oxytocin D) testosterone

The amplification of the signal from a water-soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in _______. A) adenylate cyclase in the plasma membrane B) water-soluble hormone in the blood plasma membrane receptors C) phosphodiesterase in the cytoplasm D) cAMP in the cytoplasm

Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to __________. A) adenylate cyclase B) cytoplasmic receptors C) protein kinases D) cAMP

How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells? A) Hormones are released at synapses adjacent to target cells. B) Hormones are produced by endocrine cells that are adjacent to target cells. C) Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells. D) Ducts transport hormones directly to target cells. E) Hormones travel through the lymphatic system to target cells.

What is the role of activated protein kinases? A) Phosphorylate proteins. B) Degrade cAMP to AMP. C) Phosphorylate ADP to ATP. D) Convert ATP to cAMP by phosphorylation. E) Activate adenylate cyclase.

Cyclic AMP is degraded by __________. A) phosphodiesterase B) adenylate cyclase C) G proteins D) AMP E) protein kinase