8.04 Semester Test: World History 100% Correct

Which prompted European exploration during the Age of Discovery? Muslim invasion of Spain the "mad scramble" for Africa *the promise of trade with Asia* search for a land route to China

Which two Native American empires were conquered by the Spanish? Zapotec and Nazca Maya and Olmec *Aztec and Inca* Olmec and Toltec

Which best describes the Columbian Exchange? *the movement of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World and the New World* the development of trade routes between the New World and European nations the influx of colonists who arrived in the New World from Europe the division of the New World between Spain and Portugal

People from which European nation first shipped enslaved Africans to the New World? *Portugal* England France Netherlands

Which was not a cause of the Protestant Reformation? *Thirty Years' War* corruption in the church worldliness and greed among church officials sale of indulgences

Which demonstrates the philosophy of absolutism under King Louis XIV? persecution of European Jews *construction of Versailles* meeting of the Estates-General convening of the Inquisition

Which characteristic of English government originated during the Glorious Revolution? Parliament the Commonwealth *constitutional monarchy* republican rule

Which was not an accomplishment of Galileo Galilei? creating a powerful telescope discovering moons orbiting Jupiter *writing the Principia Mathematica* confirming that the earth revolves around the sun

Which statement summarizes a belief held by John Locke? Government powers should be separated to protect the people. Governments are needed to control weak human nature. *All humans have natural rights.* Humans can perfect themselves through reason.

Which was a lasting impact of the U.S. Constitution? It promised freedom and equality to all people in the new United States. *It established a written plan for government reflecting the will of the people.* It proclaimed the United States as a country independent from Great Britain. It established the world's first republican government.

Which was a cause of the French Revolution? *tax burden on common people* Stamp Act dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte Magna Carta

Which is not a reason democracy failed following most Latin American revolutions? Military strongmen called caudillos took control of many areas. *Spain and Portugal regained control over most of their lost territory.* Old class systems prevented true equality. Leaders had very little experience with self-government.

Which best explains the role of nationalism in Europe following the Congress of Vienna? *Resisting Napoleon's armies prompted many to resist the return of traditional monarchies.* Most common people longed for a return to peace and stability. The growth of national pride led many to reject Enlightenment ideals. The new wave of national pride that swept the continent inspired kings to seek peace.

How did Otto von Bismarck promote German unification? established democracy created an alliance with Austria *worked toward militarism* ended absolute monarchy

Which step did Britain take to prevent rebellion in its colonies during the nineteenth century? increased military presence enacted the People's Charter passed the Reform Act of 1832 *increased self-government*

Which divisive issue led to the U.S. Civil War? immigration poverty *slavery* religious freedom

Which characteristic allowed the Industrial Revolution to begin in England? mostly urban population long life expectancy large population of landowners *strong banking system*

Robert Fulton successfully pioneered which new method of transportation? balloon *steamboat* locomotive automobile

Which method of production was developed during the Second Industrial Revolution? interchangeable parts automation *assembly line* steam-powered looms

Which describes a human cost of industrialization? growth of the slave trade increased religious discrimination weakened democracy *factory injuries*

What did Karl Marx believe would happen under capitalism? The middle class would grow too large. *Workers would revolt.* Business owners would choose socialism. Laborers would leave the factory.

Which best describes an accomplishment of the woman suffrage movement? *Women gained the right to vote in Western nations.* Women were admitted to universities in Europe by 1890. Women gained the right to join the military in most Western nations. Women gained equal pay for equal work with men.

Which is an example of how cities improved during the late 1800s? *created parks* eliminated tenements built roads for automobiles reduced air pollution

Which describes the term standard of living? the way that plants and animals have changed over time *the level of wealth, comfort, and available goods within a society* type of economic system that a group of people follows in everyday life the goods and services that are available to society as a result of industrialization

Which had the most significant impact on the rise of mass entertainment in the late nineteenth century? the invention of television migration from cities to country widespread education *increased leisure time*

Which was not used to justify European imperialism in the late nineteenth century? social Darwinism a belief in European superiority *creation of a social utopia* a new wave of nationalism

How did European imperialism affect the people of Africa? created more self-rule for African people created an expansion of the African slave trade *resulted in the loss of the traditional cultures of Africa* brought an end to tribal conflicts within Africa

How did Britain seek to correct its balance of trade with China? purchasing more tea closing all British ports to Chinese traders *selling opium* trading only for silver

Which was an argument for Japanese imperial expansion? creating a buffer against Western influence *acquiring natural resources* gaining territory for a growing population spreading Japanese culture

Which belief did the United States use to justify its takeover of the Philippines? It was their manifest destiny. The Maine had been sabotaged. They had to control the Panama Canal Zone. *It was their duty to civilize the Filipinos.*

Which was a cause of World War I? Russia's race to industrialize threatened the economy of other European countries. The Second Industrial Revolution led to international rivalries. Political revolutions in Europe left nations unstable. *Europe's system of military alliances enlarged small conflicts.*

Which countries did not ally with each other prior to World War I? *Russia and Austria-Hungary* Russia and France Serbia and Russia Germany and Austria-Hungary

How did the reality of the Great War differ from expectations at the beginning of the war? Fighting occurred only on land, while people expected naval battles. Technology did not have the impact people expected it would. Fewer countries were involved than people expected. *The war lasted much longer than people expected.*

Which best describes a "total war"? *war that involves every citizen* war between imperialistic nations war fought all over the world war in which millions of people die

Which resulted from the use of new weapons and methods of warfare during World War I? Fighting caused very little damage to infrastructure. *More people were killed than in any previous war.* Hand-to-hand combat disappeared from the battlefield. The war lasted only two years.

Why did the United States have a policy of neutrality before 1917? The Allied Powers refused to allow the United States to send troops to Europe. Americans were not willing to amend the U.S. Constitution to allow entry into the war. *Most Americans believed the war was a European conflict and didn't want to get involved.* U.S. Congress refused to pass legislation to enlarge the army and navy.

Which event helped bring the United States into World War I? Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination *the sinking of the Lusitania by Germany* the Russian tsar's murder Woodrow Wilson's introduction of the Fourteen Points

Which was not a change called for by Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points? an end to secret diplomacy absolute freedom of the seas *a ban on chemical weapons* a new association of the world's nations

Which best describes the costs of World War I? Few civilians died, but the economies of Europe were ruined. *Millions of soldiers and civilians died, and the economies of Europe were ruined.* Millions of people died, but the economies of warring nations remained healthy. Millions of soldiers died, but civilians were generally spared.

Which describes the Treaty of Versailles? It fully incorporated Wilson's Fourteen Points and led to long-term peace. It provided aid to the defeated Central Powers to avoid future wars. *It called for the creation of the League of Nations, but the United States refused to join.* It left European borders virtually unchanged but gave the United States new territory.

What means did Vladimir Lenin hope to use to change the government in Russia? nonviolent protests democratic elections constitutional change *a well-organized revolution*

What type of government was established after Lenin came to power in Russia? direct democracy *communist state* theocracy constitutional monarchy

Which was an effect of the Russian Revolution on World War I? *Russia surrendered to Germany.* The United States entered the war. Serbian nationalists formed an alliance with the Ottomans. Germany invaded Russia on two fronts.

Which best describes a similarity among the American, French, and Russian revolutions? All were launched by wealthy landowners or merchants. All fell into civil war and terror. *All began with the goal of more self-rule for the people.* All resulted in more political power for the common people.

Which best describes the purpose of Stalin's Five-Year Plans for Russia? to eliminate his political enemies to establish the Politburo to increase freedoms within the Soviet Union *to accelerate industrial production*

What form of resistance did Mohandas Gandhi believe would be most effective in achieving political goals? *nonviolent* military guerrilla revolutionary

Which was a goal of the Muslim Brotherhood in post-World War I Egypt? *complete Islamic rule* a state that identifies with the pharaohs of the distant past a democratic constitution increased Western influence

Which best describes the role of Zionism in ongoing Middle East tensions? *It led to disagreements between Arabs and Jews over control of the Holy Land.* It launched a war between moderate Arab nationalists and Islamists. It prompted the British to give up all claims in Palestine. It created an independent Palestinian state opposed to a Jewish nation.

Which was not a change that occurred in U.S. society during the 1920s? More people owned cars. Women wore new fashions and embraced new styles. Electrical power became available to more people. *Factories scaled back production due to the poor economy.*

Which was not a direct cause of the Great Depression? decline in farming prices the stock market crash bank failures *mass production*

Which best describes one purpose of the New Deal? containing the worldwide spread of communism *healing the U.S. economy* taking over U.S. industrial production rebuilding Europe

In what way do communism and fascism differ as political systems? *economic philosophy* tolerance for a free press level of political freedom strength of opposition parties

In which way are communism and fascism alike? Both were invented in Germany. Both share the same economic philosophy. *Both try to suppress political freedoms.* Both are anti-imperialistic.

Which is one way religion has contributed to ongoing challenges in the Middle East? It gave rise to the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein. It has prevented peace between Egypt and Israel. *It led to revolution in Iran.* It prompted Israel to abandon its alliance with the United States.

Which is a point Hitler makes in his book Mein Kampf? Communism is the best form of government. Revolution can create a classless society. All races should live in peace. *Germany's destiny is to rule the world.*

What is the main source of air pollution in the world today? *carbon emissions from cars and trucks* coal-burning factories chemical waste from industrial centers nuclear power plants

Which was a cause of World War II in Europe? fall of France attack on Pearl Harbor death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand *failure of appeasement*

Which argument encouraged the United States to use the atomic bomb during World War II? *An invasion of Japan would cost tens of thousands of American lives.* Japan had thwarted the American "island-hopping" strategy. Japan was prepared to invade the U.S. mainland. Few civilians would die in an atomic bomb explosion.

Which is an argument against free trade? *It can limit environmental protection measures.* It leads to international conflict. It increases the prices for many products. It violates basic economic principles.

Which describes a major goal of the Nuremberg Trials? giving an example to Soviet war criminals *judging Nazi leaders for their actions and orders* holding the German people accountable for the war passing a death sentence against Hitler

Which nation was part of the Axis Powers? Great Britain *Japan* Spain France

Which does not accurately describe the Cuban Missile Crisis? The United States announced a blockade of Cuba. Relations between the United States and the Soviet Union improved afterward. *Cuban dictator Batista was overthrown.* The Soviet Union and the United States were on the brink of war.

Which U.S. president called for the Soviet Union to "tear down this wall"? Jimmy Carter *Ronald Reagan* Richard Nixon Dwight Eisenhower

How did industrialization affect many Latin American nations in the years following World War II? *Unemployment rose among city-dwellers.* Local rulers, or caudillos, gained in power. Farmers planted more staple crops like corn and wheat. Trade with Western nations decreased.

Which event prompted U.S. intervention in Latin America during the Cold War era? Soviet-sponsored revolution in Brazil *civil war in El Salvador* British claims to the Falkland Islands a popular uprising in Mexico

What was a consequence of Augusto Pinochet's rule in Chile in the 1970s? *People had very little political freedom.* The economy suffered from inflation and high unemployment. Civil rights were expanded to include the poor. Chile and Argentina went to war.

Which was a response to the terrorist attack against the United States on September 11, 2001? OPEC oil boycott *invasion of Afghanistan* Yom Kippur War Persian Gulf War

Which best describes the meaning of the term the Holocaust? Stalin's purge of the Communist Party the destruction of London during the Battle of Britain *the systematic killing of Jews by Nazis* the fire-bombing of Dresden by the Allies

Which best describes Nelson Mandela's role in ending apartheid? *He used his imprisonment to gain worldwide condemnation of the government's policies.* He led a popular uprising and overthrew the existing government. He wrote a new constitution prohibiting racial discrimination. His election gave him control of the government, and he forced democratic changes.

Which actions were taken by many African nations following World War II? refused to join international organizations rejected ideas of modernization *demanded independence from colonial rulers* created a strong, united Africa

Which is true of World War II? *More people were killed in World War II than any other war in history.* London was one of the few cities in Europe that was not bombed. The United States suffered more losses than any other Allied country. Few civilians felt the impact of the war.

Which is the most serious ongoing challenge for modern India? high tariffs *widespread poverty* totalitarian government low population growth

Which policy was an expression of the U.S. goal of containing communism? *Truman Doctrine* Warsaw Pact New Deal Marshall Plan

What was a goal of the Great Leap Forward in China? eliminating Confucianism forming an alliance with the Soviet Union easing of economic controls by the government *increasing industrial productivity*