Psychology 110 – Chapter 6

What is a neutral stimulus?

A child sees her lunch box and then feels hunger pangs. In this example, the hunger pangs are a(n)

How does food in the mouth cause a dog to salivate?

How is the neutral stimulus related to the CS?

Alika is allergic to grass. Whenever he would sit on the grass, his skin would break out in hives that made him feel very itchy. Now, if you just say the word "grass" to him, he starts to feel itchy. In this example, grass is a(n)

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

Positive reinforcement _______ and negative reinforcement_______

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

John lost his wallet. He hopes it is somewhere in his bedroom. He has searched for it but the room is so messy he hasn't found it and can't be sure it is there. If John stops leaving his room in a mess in the future, then losing his wallet has functioned as a

Schedules of reinforcement are specific patterns that

Ratio schedules involve the _____ behaviors needed for a reward

Mara wants to draw people to her blog by awarding $5 Amazon card to the 100th, 200th, 300th, etc, visitor each day. Which type of schedule of reinforcement is she using?

As the manager of a new frozen yogurt store, Damon is asked to implement a rewards system that uses a fixed-ratio schedule. Which of the following should he use?

With which of the following would social learning theorists agree?

According to Bandura,

Maureen is learning French. According to the last component of observational learning, reinforcement, Maureen is more likely to learn more French if she

Dennis is watching his friend, Mike, play a video game to learn how to get past a difficult level in a spot in the game. Just as mike is approaching the important combination of moves to beat the boss, Dennis's phone rings and he looks away from the screen to see who is calling. Which of the following processes did Dennis miss in learning how to win at this level?

Caleb, the owner of a small garage, is particular about paying his employees more than they ask for. He believes that this action will prevent his employees from leaving the organization due to job dissatisfaction. In this scenario, Caleb is using _____ in operant conditioning to ensure a desired outcome.

In the context of operant conditioning, a reinforcer that is innately satisfying and does not require any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable is referred to as a _____ reinforcer.

Jenny received a lot of praise in class when she was the only one who did her homework on time. As a result, Jenny never had to be reminded to do her homework; she always submits it on time. In this scenario, Jennys behavior illustrates

_____ in operant conditioning refers to the removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior

Jill decides to study harder in class after seeing her teacher praise her classmate, Ricky, for doing well on a test. In the context of observational learning, this scenario best exemplifies learning through _____.

Which of the following is true of partial reinforcement?

_____ was the Russian physiologist who demonstrated that neutral aspects of the environment can attain the capacity to evoke responses through pairing with other stimuli and that bodily processes can be influenced by environmental cues

Which of the following is true of unconditioned stimuli?

positive reinforcement in operant conditioning

In Pavlov's studies on classical conditioning, the bell was a(n)____ before it was paired with food

Which of the following is true of acquisition in classical conditioning?

____ in classical conditioning means that the conditioned stimulus must not precede the unconditioned stimulus closely in time, but it must also serve as a reliable indicator that the unconditioned stimulus is on its way

Janet scolds her daughter, Kelley, each time Kelley pinches her little brother. After two weeks, Janet notices that Kelley has stopped pinching her little brother. In this scenario, scolding Kelley is an example of _____ in operant conditioning.

Continuous reinforcement in operant conditioning

Which of the following statements is true of classical conditioning?

Melvin is an elementary school teacher who rewards his students with extra playtime whenever they do well on a class assignment. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is Melvin using to motivate his students to work harder?

Jacob, a police officer, wants to train his new dog, Rover. Jacob buys a "zap collar" that delivers a low intensity shock to the neck of the dog whenever it pulls on the leash. After wearing the collar for a few days, Rover recognizes that the shock is an undesirable result of pulling on the leash. Consequently, Rover stops pulling on the leash. In this scenario, which of the following methods has most likely been used to discipline Rover?

In which type of learning do organisms learn the association between 2 sitmuli?

In observational learning, retention is the process in which a learner must

Which of the following is true about classical conditioning?

Extinction in classical conditioning is

In operant conditioning, generalization occurs when

Dr. Meyer is known for his difficult pop quizzes. On days when he springs a pop quiz on his students, he typically goes to the classroom door and closes it. Students soon learn to anticipate a pop quiz whenever Dr. Meyer closes the classroom door. Closing the door has become a _____

Positive reinforcement in operant conditioning is a learning process in which

Tyler's grandmother, Rose, has been receiving e-mails from Tyler every day for many years. In anticipation of his e-mails, she checks her inbox more than once in a day. However, since Tyler has started college, the e-mails have stopped. As a result, Rose checks her e-mail only every few days. If this pattern continues, Rose will completely stop checking her e-mail. In classical conditioning, this is known as

A ____ schedule in operant conditioning reinforces the first behavior after a set amount of time has passed

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Tolman's views on purposive behavior?

____ refers to the operant conditioning principles to change human behavior

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

Which of the following is true of observational learning?