Nutrition Ch. 7

Infants are born with adequate vitamin K in their intestinal tracts. (T/F)

The claim that supplements are necessary because today's foods lack sufficient nutrients to support health is a marketing trap. (T/F)

Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the blood and thus stored more readily in tissues.​ (T/F)

The most familiar function of vitamin A is to sustain normal eyesight.​ (T/F)

No convincing evidence indicating benefits from antioxidant supplements in well-nourished people exists.​ (T/F)

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity, with the possible exception of what food?​ ​ eggs ​cheese ​liver ​fortified breakfast cereals ​carrots

Fortified food sources of vitamin D available in the United States include:​ ​tuna. ​ eggs. ​ salmon. sardines.​ ​margarine.

Which B vitamin is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects?​ ​vitamin B6 ​ biotin ​ folate ​vitamin B12 ​thiamin

Vitamin A plays an important role in:​ ​fluid and electrolyte balance. ​blood clotting. ​calcium regulation. ​promoting keratinization. ​maintenance of body linings and skin.

A non-food source of vitamin K is:​ ​ sunlight. ​intestinal bacteria. ​antibiotics. ​tap water. ​dental implants.

The statement, "Eat carrots because they are good for your eyes," is:​ ​correct because protein in carrots is important for the development of keratin, which forms the retina. ​ correct because the vitamin A precursor in carrots becomes activated to form rhodopsin in the eye. ​ correct because retinol in carrots will be transported to the eyes to prevent blindness. ​ incorrect because beta-carotene is not stored in the eyes to be used for vision. ​incorrect because carrots provide beta-carotene, which is not the active form of vitamin A.

The main function of vitamin K is:​ ​ to act as an antioxidant in cell membranes. ​ to help activate proteins that help clot the blood. ​to influence body functions through its regulation of the genes. ​to help synthesize key bone proteins. ​to quench free radicals.

Research suggests that deficiency of vitamin D may lead to:​ ​low blood pressure. ​cardiovascular disease. ​gallbladder disease. ​kidney stones. ​blood disorders.

What is true about the absorption and storage of fat-soluble versus water-soluble vitamins in the body?​ ​Water-soluble vitamins can build to toxic levels because they circulate in the bloodstream. ​Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues until the body needs them. ​The body can survive for weeks without replacing water-soluble vitamins. ​Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream. ​Fat-soluble vitamins are needed in small but frequent doses.

Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease.​ ​ vitamin C ​niacin ​thiamin ​vitamin B12 ​ folate

An uninformed strict vegetarian is at special risk for _____ deficiency.​ vitamin B12​ ​folate ​vitamin B6 ​ niacin ​thiamin

You advise your grandmother against using mineral oil as a laxative because:​ ​ it cannot be absorbed by the body. ​it may result in loss of the fat-soluble vitamins through excretion. ​it may lead to toxic levels of the fat-soluble vitamins. ​it is not an effective laxative. ​it interferes with the digestion and absorption of water-soluble vitamins.

Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include:​ ​ frequent urination. ​facial tics. ​joint pain. ​night blindness. ​hemorrhaging of small blood vessels

Population studies suggest that people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene have a higher incidence of: ​rickets. ​macular degeneration. ​anemia. ​osteomalacia. ​night blindness.

What is one symptom of a beta-carotene toxicity?​ ​bright yellow skin ​night blindness ​rough, dry skin ​hardening of the macula in the eye ​xerophthalmia

You would tell a person who did not meet his recommended intakes for the fat-soluble vitamins on one day to:​ ​increase his consumption of foods rich in fat-soluble vitamins. ​supplement his diet with a vitamin-mineral supplement. ​not be concerned as long as his diet as a whole provides average amounts that approximate the recommended intakes. ​try to consume more fats and oils to get the needed nutrients. ​get exposure to sunlight to increase endogenous production of fat-soluble vitamins.

​As people consume more polyunsaturated oil their need for vitamin _____ rises. ​ A ​ D ​ E ​K ​B6

All of the following are significant food sources of vitamin D except:​ ​ salmon. ​rolled oats. ​sardines. ​fortified milk. ​mushrooms.

Important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except:​ ​cell growth and specialization. ​influence over hair follicles. ​influence over reproductive system cells ​health of the retina in the eye. ​bone health.

In the U.S., scurvy is seldom seen today except in:​ ​ people addicted to alcohol. ​ young women. ​vegetarians. ​breastfed infants. ​dieters.

A woman who has been following a vegan diet and now has become pregnant most likely needs _____ supplements.​ ​ vitamin C and vitamin A ​vitamin D and vitamin B12 ​vitamin E and vitamin K vitamin D and niacin​ ​folate and vitamin K

A compound in food that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body is known as a(n):​ ​ predecessor. ​antivitamin. ​coenzyme. ​enzyme. provitamin.

What is NOT a characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?​ ​They seldom reach toxic levels. ​They are easily absorbed and excreted. ​They dissolve in water. ​They are stored extensively in tissues. ​Some are destroyed on exposure to light, heat, or oxygen during processing.

To obtain an adequate intake of vitamin A, a man needs a daily average of about _____ micrograms of the active form.​ ​700 ​900 1200 ​1500 ​9000

Which statement regarding vitamin C is true?​ ​ A lack of the vitamin results in beriberi. ​It inhibits iron absorption. ​It prevents the common cold. ​It helps to produce carnitine. ​An excess of the vitamin can result in gallstones.

Which statement about choline is FALSE?​ ​ Choline is considered to be a conditionally essential nutrient. ​Choline is commonly found in foods. ​There are no DRI recommendations for choline. ​Choline plays important roles in fetal development. ​The body cannot make enough choline to meet its needs.

​The B vitamins act as part of: ​anticoagulants. ​antibodies. ​coenzymes. ​intrinsic factors. ​the bone matrix.

All of the following foods contain active vitamin A except:​ ​liver. ​fish oils. ​milk. ​french fries. ​fortified cereal.

Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases has shown that:​ ​vitamin C supplements are associated with reduced chronic disease risk. ​people who take vitamin E supplements have lower rates of heart disease. ​beta-carotene supplement use increases lung cancer risk in smokers. ​ all supplements sold in this country are safe. ​supplements can fix nutrient deficiencies so a diet that lacks many nutrients is not dangerous.

​You recommend that your friend not take "Stress Formula Vitamin C" supplements because: ​vitamin C is not involved in the release of the stress hormones from the adrenal gland. ​ "Stress Formula" supplements are more expensive than other types of vitamin C supplements. ​ you cannot be sure if the form of vitamin C in the supplements is effective and safe. ​ the amount of vitamin C required by the body to recover from stress is easily obtained from whole fruits and vegetables. ​vitamin C toxicity is a serious concern, especially from supplements.

The amount of vitamin A a person needs is proportional to:​ ​ height. ​sex. ​age. ​season of the year. ​body weight.

​People whose diets are rich in vegetables and fruits have low rates of: cancer.​ ​lung disease. ​rickets. ​osteoporosis. ​toxicity.

The thiamin deficiency disease is known as:​ ​pellagra. ​osteomalacia. ​scurvy. ​beriberi. ​anemia.

​Any disease that produces _____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K. ​ carbohydrate ​protein ​ fat ​calcium ​medication

What is NOT one of the functions of vitamin C?​ ​to protect and recycle vitamin E to its active form ​to produce and maintain collagen ​to promote the absorption of iron ​to maintain the functions of the reproductive organs ​to help form scar tissue that heals wounds

The recommended intake for vitamin D is _____ micrograms per day for adults over 70.​ ​ 5 10​ ​20 100​ ​500

The main reason for fortifying enriched grain products with folic acid is to:​ ​reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defects. ​help lower serum folate concentrations during pregnancy. ​make up for the lack of prenatal care. ​prevent mental retardation from developing late in the pregnancy. ​prevent cardiovascular disease.

Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?​ ​ fat-soluble vitamins because they are stored more readily in body tissues ​water-soluble vitamins because they are readily absorbed and circulate in the blood ​water-soluble vitamins because they are the main type found in vitamin supplements ​fat-soluble vitamins because they are found in higher amounts in foods ​ Bvitamins because they are highly abundant in many types of foods

Vitamin E serves as:​ ​ a precursor. ​a vitamin antagonist. ​an antioxidant. ​an antivitamin. ​a provitamin.

Which individual is LEAST likely to acquire a vitamin E deficiency? ​ someone who eats a diet high in fat ​someone who is born prematurely ​someone who consumes a very low-fat diet composed largely of convenience foods ​someone with severe liver disease ​someone whose pancreas is failing to produce digestive enzymes

Foods rich in beta-carotene include: ​ red cabbage. ​corn. ​beets. ​sweet potatoes. ​whole grains.