MTG 300 Exam 4

Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?

Needs are defined as the social requirements that must be met to ensure survival.

According to expectancy theory, in order for employees to be highly motivated, ____ must be high.

The use of the need-satisfaction theories to determine what motivates employees is not a straightforward task because different needs theories have identified different needs categories.

A group of assembly line workers at an automobile manufacturing plant felt that they were being severely underpaid. Their bosses wouldn't give them a chance to explain their problem. So, the group approached a labor union to help them with their problem. In terms of equity theory, this group is trying to restore equity by:

Carlos worked as a sales manager at a retail outlet for five years. During that time, he had taken just two days of leave. Shirley holds the same position at the same organization. During her tenure of two years, she had taken five weeks of leave both years. In the end, Shirley was offered a promotion that Carlos had been vying for. In terms of equity theory, from Carlos's perspective, this is a(n) _____.

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, students consider the improvement in teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. In terms of the expectancy theory, the likelihood that students feel their inputs on the evaluations will lead directly to improved instruction is called _____.

In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, consequences follow a behavior after different times, some shorter and some longer, that fluctuate around a specified average time.

In the context of restoring equity, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of goal-setting theory?

Linda Stein is the manager of an ad agency. Recently her employees have shown an unwillingness to work as a team. Linda has decided to use reinforcement to encourage more team cohesiveness. Which of the following advises can be given to her on how to motivate using reinforcement theory?

_____ are factors beyond the control of individual employees, such as tools, policies, and resources that have an effect on job performance.

_____ are the natural rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

According to _____, people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

According to management expert Bill Roche, results from goal setting can virtually be guaranteed, but only if "you have first won the hearts and minds of your workers. When they are on board with the goal—they agree that it is important and can be done—you really will get dramatic improvement." Roche is describing ____.

A(n) ____ is a target, objective, or result that someone tries to accomplish.

The basic components of equity theory are outcomes, instrumentality, and valence.

Because workplace injuries cost businesses a heavy sum every year, many are of the opinion that increased safety compliance needs to become a practice, not just a theory. The goal of developing safety consciousness within the workforce requires continuous reinforcement at every organizational level. This means that:

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, the lowest-order need is _____.

_____ is a multiplicative function of motivation times ability times situational constraints.

_____ holds that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?

Once lower-order needs are satisfied, it is difficult to predict which higher-order needs will motivate behavior.

In equity theory, _____ is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly allocated.

____ are the cause-and-effect relationships between the performance of specific behaviors and specific consequences.

While transformational leaders use visionary and inspirational appeals to influence followers, transactional leadership is based on an exchange process.

Transactional leaders often _____.

_____ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.

_____ means that transformational leaders act as role models for their followers.​

Transformational leadership is leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.

The leadership trait of integrity refers to the extent to which leaders do what they said they would do.

Which of the following is an example of a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision quality?

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership ​grid, _____ leadership style occurs when leaders show a moderate amount of concern for both people and production.

Which one of the following traits refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement, motivation, energy, tenacity, and initiative?

Which of the following traits refers to the ability of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, _____ leadership style occurs when leaders care about having a friendly, enjoyable work environment but don't really pay much attention to production or performance.​

Dennis is a team lead at Informtech Inc. He does only those things that are beneficial to him instead of the company. He puts his interest before the interest of the company and keeps information confidential if there is a loss to the company because of him. In this context, Dennis is most likely a(n) _____.

The normative decision theory _____.

The leadership behavior of consideration has also been referred to as "concern for people" and "employee-centered leadership."

Which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?

The two types of visionary leadership are _____.

When Mark assumed the role of CEO of Splendour Inc., he immediately began to make drastic changes to the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient company becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. In this case, Mark _____.

Mathew is a manager at Wonderworld Hypermarket. He finds it difficult to cooperate and work with Anthony when it comes to getting the work done to meet the targets. Anthony is Mathew's least preferred coworker. He describes Anthony as gloomy, insincere, lazy, unfriendly and boring. In this context, Mathew has a _____ leadership style.​

_____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers.

Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?

Transformational leaders _____.

Within the path-goal model, the achievement-oriented and participative leadership styles directly parallel the key leadership behaviors of initiating structure and consideration, respectively.

Leaders who possess the trait of _____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' trust.

_____ means that transformational leaders drive followers by providing meaning and challenge to their work.​

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following leadership styles involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate?

The three formal communication channels in organizations are categorized as _____.

One recommendation for managers wishing to improve their formal communication is to decrease reliance on downward communication.

The crew renovating the downtown area accidentally dug up the sidewalk belonging to a privately owned section of the sidewalk, because they understood that all sidewalks were to be replaced. The crew was actually supposed to replace all city-owned sidewalks. In terms of the communication process, the crew members engaged in _____.

According to some researches, deceptive answers have a slower onset than honest ones. In a job interview, these characteristics would be examples of _____ that may help the interviewer evaluate the job applicants.

In which of the following cases would written communication be preferable to oral communication?

According to attribution theory, we use two general reasons or attributions to explain people's behavior. They are _____.

In the perceptual process, interpretation is the step of incorporating new memories with old memories and creating the ability to recall both.

Listening is an example of a voluntary behavior.

A person who attributes his or her success to hard work and failure to bad luck is likely to be experiencing a(n) _____.

The two primary types of grapevine communication networks are _____ chains.

Kinesics and paralanguage are two kinds of _____.

Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person or place to another.

Feedback is more likely to be constructive when it is _____.

When it comes to improving communication, managers must manage one-on-one communication while also managing organization-wide communication.

Karl was injured at work when a shelving unit fell on him. Karl was trying to reach an item on a high shelf by climbing on the shelving unit since there was no ladder. If Karl's employer blamed the entire incident on Karl, the employer would be committing a(n) _____.

_____ is feedback that is disapproving without any intention of being helpful and almost always causes a negative or defensive reaction in the recipient.

Perceptual filters are the _____ differences that influence people to ignore or pay attention to particular stimuli.

As a general rule, managers prefer written communication methods over oral communication methods.

​_____ is the withholding of information about organizational problems or issues by employees.

Which of the following is one of the primary tasks faced by managers who want to improve communication?

In nonverbal communication, _____ includes the pitch, rate, tone, volume, and speaking pattern (i.e., use of silences, pauses, or hesitations) of one's voice.

In the perceptual process, apprehension is the process of remembering interpreted information.

Rubylyn is a very enthusiastic person hired to work as the personal assistant for an event planner. At first, Rubylyn drives her boss to distraction by constantly interrupting him with queries. However, after Rubylyn receives feedback from her boss, she understands what her job entails and becomes a valued employee. Rubylyn's boss would have most likely given her _____ feedback.

In nonverbal communication, the term kinesics is used to refer to the pitch, rate, tone, volume, and speaking pattern (i.e., use of silences, pauses, or hesitations) of one's voice.

During a job interview, interviewers can use their knowledge of face and body movements to determine when interviewees are telling the truth. This knowledge is called _____.

Feedback control is a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies before they occur.

_____ is the regulation of workers' results through rewards and incentives.

Which of the following statements best describes economic value added (EVA)?

Speedway Motors Inc. ordered 20,000 window assemblies from Steelbird Glass LLC. To make sure the assemblies were made to specifications, Steelbird Glass shipped a sample to Speedway Motors for testing. This is an example of _____.

_____ occurs when performance improvement is attained in one part of an organization but only at the expense of decreased performance in another part.

How can companies create value for customers?

The balanced scorecard approach to control _____.

Shoreman Builders Inc. realized that one of its major steel suppliers is likely to go out of business. In order to avoid a scarcity in the future, the company is now looking for other suppliers. Shoreman Builder's Inc. used _____ to ward off a possible performance deficiency.

_____ is a method of gathering information about performance deficiencies as they occur.

A(n)_____ predicts how changes in a business will affect its ability to take in more money than it pays out.

Which of the following is most relevant to the financial perspective of the balanced scorecard?

Which of the following is a phase in the development of concertive control?

Which of the following organizations would be described as bureaucratic?

_____ costs are the costs associated with implementing or monitoring control.

In the behavioral approach to managerial control, a company's widely shared values and beliefs guide workers' behavior and decisions.

The _____ is the measurement of organizational performance in four equally important areas: finances, customers, internal operations, and innovation and learning.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cybernetic control process?

The basic control process of business begins with _____.

Control loss usually has no effect on goal achievement.

The control process begins when managers set goals.

_____ is the customer perception that the product quality is excellent for the price offered.

When self-control is used, leaders and managers provide workers with clear boundaries within which they may guide and control their own goals and behaviors.

NutriStar bakery has decided to downsize its staff to cut its overhead costs. This has been financially beneficial for the bakery. However, the reduction in the number of staff has adversely impact efficiency in the customer service section. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?

A(n) _____ is used to project costs and revenues, prioritize and control spending, and ensure that expenses don't exceed available funds and revenues.

_____ is a performance assessment in which companies identify which customers are leaving and the rate at which customers are leaving.