VATI Care Of Children 2019

Hot dogs -Results in edema, HTN, hematuria and proteinuria. Dietary changes requires limit foods high in sodium because of the edema and HTN. (Hot dogs, or other processed meats)

Nausea -Early findings of ICP

Maintain aseptic technique during the child dressing changes. -To prevent infection. Delayed wound healing can occur due to infection, which can also cause partial thickness wounds to develop into full thickness wounds.

A 15-year-old client who requires an open reduction of a fracture. -Sign consent prior to surgical procedures for a minor.

Your child will lose movement in their legs. -Lose movement in the lower extremities. This progressive loss of movement will move up the body as death nears.

Provide quite activities for the child. -Provide quite activities, such as reading and coloring, during edema phase of nephritis to minimize oxygen consumption and preserve energy.

Face, Legs, Activity, Cry Consolability (FLACC) scale. -The FLACC scale is used for infants and children from 2 months to 7 years.

Encourage the child to brush their teeth after each meal. - Dental hygiene, this medications can cause gingival hyperplasia, and good oral hygiene reduces the risk of this occurring.

Tachypnea -A hypovolemia worsens, breathing becomes hyperpneic.

Lethargic mood. -Will be irritable and have a labile mood.

I will make sure to inspect my son's mouth every day for sores. -Increase risk for mucositis, therefore, the parent should inspect the mouth daily for lesions or ulcerations and report these to the provider. Open lesions can become infected in the child who is immunocompromised.

Place knee pads on the child. -Take measures to make the environment safe. This can include measures such as installing carpet over ceramic tiled floors or placing knee and elbow pads on the child to protect the Childs joints form injury and bleeding.

Baclofen -Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant that will decrease muscle spasm and sever spasticity.

Keep your infant restrained when they are in a highchair. -Restrain infant while sitting in a highchair using the included straps with a closure. This will prevent the infant from falling out of the chair and decrease the risk of injury. Avoid leaving their infant in a highchair unattended because of the risk of slipping down in the chair and strangling on the safety straps.

Lethargy -This can indicate a decrease level of consciousness or increased intracranial pressure, both of which requires immediate intervention.

We need to observe your child for cerebral swelling. -Still at risk for a complication from the submersion injury. Complications can include respiratory compromise and cerebral edema during the first 24hrs after the submersion.

Nuchal rigidity -Which is caused by meningeal irritation. The child also might have fever and photophobia.

I should eat extra food on busy days when I am more active. I should increase my intake of sugar free fluids when I am sick. I should eat a snack 30mins before my baseball game states. -Food intake should be adjusted to compensate for the release of insulin into the circulatory system and prevent episodes of hypoglycemia. The recommended increase of carbs is 10-15g per hr. of moderate play or activity. -Fluids flush out ketones to prevent dehydrations. Recommend sugar free liquids, such as water, broth, and tea to the child. Continue with usual intake of mealtimes and follow their recommended meal plan as much as possible. -If the game is prolonged they should have a snack every 45mins to an hour. If they cannot tolerate the extra food, the next intervention is to decrease the insulin dose before the game.

I will record the highest reading of the three attempts. -The child should forcefully exhale for 1sec as quickly as possible to measure the amount of air exhaled and repeat this process 3 times. The child should wait 30secs between attempts and record the highest of the the three readings.

I will plug protective guards into my electrical outlets. -Plug protective guards into electrical outlets or place furniture in front of the outlets to protect the toddler from electrical shock or burns.

I will add rice cereal to my baby's feedings. -Add rice cereal to formula or expressed breast milk to thicken the feeding. Thickened feeding can decrease the number of vomiting episodes the infant experiences.

Encourage the child to increase their fluid intake. -The first action the nurse should take is to promote hydration through the use of oral and IV fluids. Hydration is important because it prevents further sickling of the cells and delays the hypoxia-ischemia cycle.

Accompany verbal instructions with visual references. - Use visual references along with verbal instructions for child who have ADHD. Using both verbal and written instruction provides clear communication of expectations for the children.

Droplet -And other infections that is transmitted through respiratory droplets larger than 5 microns in size. (diphtheria, rubella, and scarlet fever require droplet precautions. Droplet precautions requires staff who provide care to wear a mask or respirator as PPE.

18 months -The toddler should also form simple word combinations.

Place your infant on a firm mattress for sleeping. -Place infant in a supine position on a firm mattress for sleeping. This decease the risk for suffocation.

Promoting bed rest. -Has a higher requirement of cellular oxygenation. Therefore, the nurse should reduce the clients metabolic demands for oxygen and limit cardiac oxygen consumption by encouraging rest.

Void at least every 3-4hrs. -Urinate as soon as they feel the urge and to avoid waiting to void. Urinary stasis increase the risk for infection.

Initiate droplet precautions. -To reduce the risk of transmission of the infection to others.

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Apply an ice collar to the child's neck. -To promote comfort and minimize swelling. The nurse also should administer prescribed analgesics to the child around the clock to minimize pain.

Prepare for intubation with a cuffed endotracheal tube. -Anticipate that the child will require intubation with a cuffed endotracheal tube because of the high risk of aspiration. This child is at risk for aspiration because they are lethargic, grunting, and gagging.

Obtain the sample using venipuncture. -Because this method allows for less bleeding than a finger puncture.

I will give my child stool softeners for constipation. -Can occur because of a failure to properly break down foods, a slowing of the intestinal motility, and the thickened enzymatic secretions die to the disease process itself. The parent should administer an osmotic solution, such as polyethylene glycol, stool softeners, or laxatives to treat constipation.

Monitor temporal artery temperature. -Check temperature by scanning the temporal artery to monitor for manifestation of infection. Other manifestations of infection include redness, warmth, and drainage from the incision site.

You can remain in the room with your child during the procedure. -Provides comfort and reassurance during the procedure.

Circular burns on the soles of the toddlers feet. -Physical manifestations of burns are often found on the soles, back, buttocks, and hands. The nurse should document the location of the burns along with a description of the pattern and the presence of eschar or blistering. The nurse should also obtain diagrams and photographs using a measurement tool.

Profuse sweating -Indicates that his child is at risk for severe respiratory distress as a result of status asthmaticus and requires immediate intervention. Other manifestations that should be reported immediately include nasal flaring, distended neck veins, and tachypnea. The nurse should remain with the child to provide support and interventions if intubation becomes necessary.

Initiate contact precautions. -The nurse should initiate contact, droplet, and standard precautions for RSV because exposure to contaminated secretions' can transmit the virus. RSV can live on objects for several hours and on hands for 30mins.

I will have my child wear splints during the night. -To prevent joint deformities and reduce and minimize pain from inactivity.

Administer factor VIII. Assess for changes in LOC. -Bleeding disorder caused by a factor VIII deficiency; therefore, the nurse to administer factor VIII prophylactical to prevent or minimize bleeding. -Hemophilia A can cause cerebral bleeding; therefore, the nurse should assess the child for HA and decreased LOC.

Check the infant's serum creatinine. - And BUN levels prior to and during the administration of IV potassium to ensure renal function is adequate and avoid the development of hyperkalemia should renal failure occur. The nurse should closely monitor I&O to ensure adequate urinary output prior to and during administration of IV potassium.

Absence of tears when crying. -Other manifestations of severe fluid volume deficit include: sunken eyeballs, parched mucous membranes, oliguria, sunken fontanels, and hyperpnea.

The infant has an absent grasp reflex. -The nurse should expect the infant to grasp objects with both hands at this stage of development.

Massage the anterior area of the ear following administration. -Just in front of the tragus, following administration to facilitate instillation of the medication into the ear canal.

Establish a reward system for the child. -Respond to positive reinforcement. This helps to promote a therapeutic environment for the child.

The provider will remove the object during this procedure. -The provider is able to make a definitive diagnosis of objects in the larynx and trachea during a bronchoscopy and can subsequently remove the foreign body.

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Vomiting Clumsiness Irritability Persistent HA - It tends to become progressively more projectile and is most severe in the AM. It can be accompanied by nausea and is a result of increased IC. -Lack of coordination, and loss of balance are common manifestation of brain tumors. Manifestations results from pressure and interference with circulation within the brain. -Common behavioral manifestation of brain tumors. Other manifestations include anorexia, fatigue, lethargy, and bizarre behavior such as staring. -HA results from pressure on pain-sensitive areas, such as large blood vessels and cranial nerves. HA tend to be worse in the morning and subside as the day progresses.

Encourage small, frequent meals high in protein. -Immobilization causes a decrease in appetite. Therefore, small but frequent meals will be more readily tolerated. Adequate protein intake is needed for energy and tissue healing.

Your child will have a pressure dressing on the biopsy site following the test. -To minimize bleeding. The nurse also might use a sandbag to maintain pressure to the puncture site.

BUN 32 mg/dL -Above the expected reference range of 5-18 mg/dL for a child. A child who has glomerulonephritis will have an elevated BUN because of the impaired glomerular filtration rate, which results in retention of urea in the blood.

Place the child in prone position. -The nurse should place the child in a side-lying, Sim's or prone position to obtain a rectal temperature.

A heart murmur Cyanotic spells -Tetralogy of Fallot exhibit a systolic murmur that is moderate in intensity. -Experience anoxic spells when the infant's oxygen requirements exceed the oxygen available in the blood supply, such as when the infant is crying or following a feeding.

Place a throw rug under the crib. -The toddler can fall out the crib. The nurse should also instruct the parent to move the toddler to a youth bed when they are able to climb out of the crib.

I can offer popcorn as a snack food. -Unable to digest gluten found in grains, such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats. Corn is an acceptable substitute grain and is gluten-free. Therefore, popcorn is an appropriate food for the parent to offer the child as a snack.

Injured skin is cream to black in color. -Variable colors, including cream to brown or black. The injury reaches through the epidermis to the dermis, and possibly to the muscles, tendons, and bone. Areas with a full thickness burn are less painful than partial thickness burned areas because of the nerve destruction involved.

Distended neck veins. -Manifestations of increased blood volume, such as distended neck veins. This occurs because of the secretion of the hormone ADH, which holds onto sodium and water in response to decreased cardiac output and renal perfusion.

I should feed my child 1 cup of vegetables per day. -A variety of vegetables should be introduced to the toddler.

Perform active and isotonic range of motion exercises. -Range of motion exercises of the joints above the amputation site several times per day. This will maintain joint mobility, which is necessary for future ambulation.

Place the car seat in a rear facing position until the child is at least 2 years old. -And until the child has exceeded the height and weight limits of the care seat. This position minimizes the stress on the neck by spreading the forces of a frontal crash over the entire head, neck, and back.

Oranges slices. -This food is soft and easily chewable by children in this age group.

Airborne precautions. -Transmitted by direct contact with small droplets from the infected person and that airborne precautions are used for prevention of transmission of microorganisms smaller than 5 microns. Therefore, the nurse should plan to initiate airborne precautions when admitting a child who has rubeola measles.

Implement transmission precautions. -Greatest risk when admitting a child who has vesicular rash of unknown etiology is the spread of infection. Therefore, the first action the nurse should take is to implement transmission precautions. After the child has been diagnosed, the precautions can be modified accordingly.

Change diapers as soon as they become soiled with feces, including during the night. -Diaper dermatitis is caused by moist, soiled diapers, especially those soiled with feces.

Have an elevated toilet seat for use by the child. -Activities that involve bending or squatting can be difficult and painful for a child who has juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The use of an elevated toilet seat can promote independence with ADLs and increase the child's comfort.

Administer prescribed opioid analgesics around the clock. -Common for children who have been place in skeletal traction to experience increased pain. Therefore, the nurse should administer prescribed opioids analgesics and muscle relaxants around the clock.

Give the child 10-15g of a simple carbohydrate. -Identify that immediate attention is required to increase the child's glucose level to an acceptable range. Therefore, the nurse should provide 10-15g of a simple carbs, such as 3-6oz of OJ, following by a complex carb and protein in order to treat mild to moderate hypoglycemia.

Creatinine 1.6 mg/dL. -Outside the expected reference range of 0.3-0.6 mg/dL for school age child and should be reported.

Bruising on the arms and legs. -Low platelet count is an expected findings for a preschooler who has acute lymphoid leukemia. A low platelet count causes petechiae, easy bleeding of the oral mucus membranes, and bruising of the arms and legs.

Test gastric secretions of pH. -Test gastric secretions of pH to verify that the orogastric tube is in the stomach. A pH of 5 or less indicates that the orogastric tube is in the stomach, whereas a pH of greater than 5 does not indicate that the tube is in the stomach. Performing orogastric feeding when the tube is not in the stomach increases the risk for aspiration.

Provide heated, high flow nasal cannula therapy (HHFNC). -This therapy can prevent respiratory failure. HHFNC is a form of humidified oxygen administration which provides continuous positive pressure.

Respiratory rate of 14/min -Expected reference range for respiratory rate is 16 to 20/min.

Offer the child analgesic for comfort. -Offer analgesics and antipyretic medications because erythema on the face and a maculopapular rash on the arms and legs indicates that the child has erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). Erythema infectiosum is a viral infection that cannot be treated with antibiotics.

Position the infant on their right side when sleeping. -Right side or upright in an infant seat when sleeping to allow mouth secretions to drain forward. Do not allow infant to turn on their abdomen because this could put pressure on the suture line.

Keep the child's towels separate from towels used by other family members. -Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection spread by contact.

Steamed broccoli -Early introduction of nutrient dense foods, such as steamed broccoli, can decrease the severity and duration of the illness.

Hyperpnea -Hyperpnea is an increased rate and depth of breathing due to severe hypoxemia.

Eat soft, bland foods as tolerated. -Cooked and mashed fruits, sherbet or ice-cream, soup, and mashed potatoes are examples of soft foods the nurse should recommend.

The child completes homework assignments on time.

Provide your child with medications in an elixir preparation. -Might have a severe sore throat. Therefore, Elixir medications are easier to swallow when experiencing a sore throat.

Maintain the child's affected leg in a straight position for at least 6hrs. -Maintain leg straight position for 6-6hrs following the procedure to allow for the artery to clot. Moving the leg can disrupt the integrity of the clot and cause bleeding.