KIN Chapter 11 Study Guide

What is the leading cause of death in the United States? a. unintentional injuries b. cancer c. cardiovascular disease (CVD) d. AIDS

What are the six major risk factors for cardiovascular disease that people can change? a. tobacco use, high blood pressure, diabetes, stress, physical inactivity, and heredity b. high blood pressure, obesity, high triglyceride levels, chronic infection, hostility, and tobacco use c. elevated cholesterol levels, tobacco use, high blood pressure, obesity, physical inactivity, and diabetes d. physical inactivity, high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, elevated cholesterol levels, high homocysteine levels, and obesity

Which of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are NOT modifiable? a. family history of CVD b. cigarette smoking c. cholesterol levels d. physical inactivity

How does smoking affect the cardiovascular system? a. It decreases blood clotting. b. It decreases heart rate. c. It increases the amount of oxygen. d. It increases blood pressure.

How does smoking harm the cardiovascular system? a. Smoking decreases the adhesiveness of platelets. b. Smoking decreases plaque formation. c. Smoking decreases blood pressure. d. Smoking reduces the level of high-density lipoproteins.

Approximately how many non-smokers die of heart disease each year due to exposure to ETS (environmental tobacco smoke)? a. 35,000 b. 46,000 c. 57,000 d. 68,000

What may sustained high blood pressure indicate? a. emotional stress b. heart strength c. increased resistance to arterial blood flow d. an unhealthy ratio of HDLs to LDLs

Which blood pressure reading would be considered healthy for a young adult? a. 110/80 b. 120/88 c. 135/92 d. 144/90

For adults, blood pressure is diagnosed at a level of ______ or above. a. 120/80 b. 130/85 c. 140/90 d. 150/95

Which diet should a person with high blood pressure choose? a. a diet high in prepared meals b. a diet with much red meat c. a diet heavy in fruits and grains d. a diet with salted foods

What are the symptoms of hypertension? a. evening headaches b. morning dry mouth c. bulging veins in the neck d. There are no symptoms.

What is the maximum amount of sodium that people with hypertension, African Americans, and middle-aged and older adults should consume? a. 1,000 mg per day b. 1,500 mg per day c. 3,000 mg per day d. 4,000 mg per day

Why is excess cholesterol hazardous to health? a. It is deposited in fat cells. b. It is deposited on artery walls. c. It is deposited in cell membranes. d. It is deposited around nerves.

What is the form of blood fat that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body? a. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) b. high-density lipoprotein (HDL) c. very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) d. triglyceride

Which form of cholesterol shuttles cholesterol back to the liver for recycling? a. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) b. triglycerides c. high-density lipoprotein (HDL) d. saturated fat

How often does the National Cholesterol Education Program recommend that adults have lipoprotein levels measured? a. every year b. every 2 years c. every 5 years d. every 10 years

What is a desirable level of total cholesterol for adults? a. between 210 and 240 mg/dl b. less than 200 mg/dl c. between 160 and 180 mg/dl d. between 100 and 140 mg/dl

What is a desirable level of HDL for adults? a. between 10 and 20 mg/dl b. between 30 and 40 mg/dl c. between 50 and 60mg/dl d. 60 mg/dl or more

Which cholesterol profile would place someone at greatest risk for heart disease? a. low HDL and low LDL b. high HDL and high LDL c. low HDL and high LDL d. high HDL and low LDL

How does exercise alter blood fat levels? a. It raises LDL levels. b. It raises triglyceride levels. c. It raises HDL levels. d. It lowers HDL levels.

Cardiovascular disease risk is greatest for people who tend to store body fat in what part of the body? a. abdomen b. hips c. thighs d. shoulders

What is the recommended level of triglycerides for adults? a. less than 150 mg/dl b. 150-199 mg/dl c. 200-499 mg/dl or more d. 500 mg/dl or more

Which statement is true about triglycerides? a. Elevated levels link to low blood glucose levels. b. Their normal level in the blood is 400 mg/dl. c. They help to protect against heart disease. d. They can be reduced with physical activity and weight loss.

Which psychological trait is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk? a. anger b. ambition c. aggressiveness d. submissiveness

At what age does the incidence of stroke more than double for each successive decade of life? a. 45 b. 55 c. 65 d. 75

Which statement about gender and CVD is true? a. In the United States, CVD is the leading killer of men but not of women. b. Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against CVD. c. Before age 55, the incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men. d. Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.

What causes the body to release C-reactive protein into the bloodstream? a. free radicals b. antioxidants c. inflammation d. phytochemicals

Which statement regarding homocysteine is true? a. It is a type of cholesterol. b. Levels are higher in women than in men. c. It helps repair the linings of arteries. d. It may damage the lining of blood vessels.

Which risk factor signals a potential for CVD? a. high HDL b. inflamed ankles c. insulin resistance d. low triglycerides

Which defines atherosclerosis? a. It is sustained, abnormally high blood pressure. b. It is the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force. c. It is thickening of artery walls by deposit of fatty substances. d. It is severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.

What is atherosclerosis in an artery supplying blood to the heart called? a. coronary heart disease b. arrhythmia c. coronary thrombosis d. coronary embolism

From where does the heart muscle receive its blood supply? a. vena cava b. left ventricle c. pulmonary veins d. coronary arteries

What occurs when a coronary artery is completely blocked? a. a heart attack b. angina c. arrhythmia d. an obstructive embolism

What is the most common symptom associated with angina pectoris? a. nausea b. shortness of breath c. irregular heartbeat d. tightness in the chest

What is an arrhythmia? a. an irregular heartbeat b. a ruptured blood vessel c. a blood clot found near the heart d. another name for high blood pressure

What is the cause of most sudden cardiac deaths? a. low blood pressure b. blocked cerebral arteries c. arrhythmia d. coronary thrombosis

Which device measures the electrical activity of the heart and detects the presence of heart disease. a. electrocardiograms b. magnetic resonance imaging c. echocardiograms d. bioelectrical impedance analysis

Which is a treatment for heart disease? a. angina pectoris b. balloon angioplasty c. electrocardiogram d. angiogram

Which problem does blockage of blood supply to the brain cause? a. a heart attack b. angina pectoris c. high blood pressure d. a stroke

What type of stroke does a ruptured blood vessel cause? a. hemorrhagic stroke b. myocardial infarction c. ischemic stroke d. pulmonary edema

Which symptom is a warning sign of a heart attack? a. headache b. blurred sight c. sudden confusion d. nausea or vomiting

What is the definition of congestive heart failure? a. sustained abnormally high blood pressure b. thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances c. a condition resulting from the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force d. severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart

What limit on total dietary fat intake does the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommend? a. 15% of total calories b. 30% of total calories c. 55% of total calories d. 85% of total calories

What percentage of saturated fat calories does the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommend for most people? a. 10% or less of total calories b. 11% to 15% of total calories c. 16% to 25% of total calories d.265% or more of total calories

For heart health, what should make up the majority of fat in the diet? a. saturated fats b. trans fats c. hydrogenated fats d. unsaturated fats

What dietary change could help prevent cardiovascular disease? a. Increase the intake of foods high in soluble fiber. b. Increase the intake of foods high in saturated fat. c. Increase the intake of foods high in coconut oil. d. Increase the intake of foods high in simple sugars.

Which food is a good source of dietary fiber? a. meats b. fish c. eggs d. legumes

What is the number-one risk factor for heart disease that people can control? a. smoking b. inactivity c. elevated cholesterol d. high blood pressure

How often should people who do not have CVD risk factors have their blood pressure measured? a. once a month b. once a year c. once every 2 years d. once every 5 years

At what age should cholesterol testing begin? a. 20 b. 35 c. 50 d. 65

Effective ways to handle stress and anger do NOT include a. developing a plan to manage the key stressors in your life. b. handling your anger by holding it in. c. committing to meditating daily. d. shoring up your social support network.