Nutrition Ch. 11

Which of the following holds the key to maintaining the best possible immune system support? a. nutrient supplements b. herbal remedies c. phytochemicals d. adequate nutrition

Which of the following must be given careful attention when feeding the person with AIDS? a. soft foods b. small, frequent snacks c. food safety d. USDA Food Guide recommendations

Effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the body's defense system include: a. the skin becomes thinner with less connective tissue. b. antibody secretions and immune cell number are reduced. c. immune system organs increase in size. d. a and b e. b and c

Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for CVD? a. total blood cholesterol below 200 mg/dL b. HDL higher than 60 mg/dL c. LDL 160 mg/dL or higher d. triglycerides less than 150 mg/dL

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD? a. diabetes b. hypertension c. high blood LDL d. high blood HDL

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age: a. 30. b. 35. c. 40. d. 45.

Wherever dietary fat consists mostly of _____ fats and fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance, blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low. a. unsaturated b. saturated c. trans d. omega-6

According to the DRI Committee, the percentage of calories from fat in the diet should be no more than _____ percent. a. 20 b. 25 c. 30 d. 35

The Canadian "Reach for It" and U.S. "Fruit and Veggies: More Matters" programs encourage people to: a. consume enough whole grains. b. consume enough fruits. c. consume enough vegetables. d. a and b e. b and c

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of CVD? a. high HDL b. high total cholesterol c. high LDL d. high triglycerides

Which of the following raises HDL concentration? a. moderate alcohol intake b. low cholesterol intake c. physical activity d. b and c e. a and c

All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except: a. omega-3 fatty acids. b. insoluble fiber. c. flaxseed. d. nuts.

Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower. a. 100 over 70 b. 110 over 75 c. 120 over 80 d. 140 over 90

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of hypertension? a. age b. gender c. genes d. a and b e. a and c

Salt sensitive individuals are likely to include: a. African Americans. b. those who are less than 50 years of age. c. those who have diabetes. d. a and c e. b and c

Which of the following appear to help prevent and treat hypertension in certain populations? a. magnesium b. potassium c. folate d. a and b e. b and c

Alcohol alone is associated with cancers of the: a. mouth. b. head and neck. c. breast. d. a and b e. a and c

Individuals with hypertension being treated with diuretics should consume foods rich in: a. calcium. b. magnesium. c. potassium. d. folate.

In general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with: a. high vegetable intakes. b. high whole grain intakes. c. high fat intakes. d. a and b e. b and c

Laboratory studies suggest that diets high in _____ seem to promote cancer. a. calories b. salt c. artificial sweeteners d. calcium

Examples of cruciferous vegetables include: a. rutabaga. b. bok choy. c. green onions. d. a and b e. a and c

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to cervical and colon cancer? a. vitamin E b. folate c. beta-carotene d. vitamin C

The best action to take to decrease your risk of cancer is to: a. limit foods that are grilled, smoked and charbroiled. b. consume a diet moderate in fat. c. take vitamin supplements. d. eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruits in generous quantities every day.

Which of the following may offer a protective effect against colon cancer? a. calcium b. potassium c. magnesium d. phosphorus

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing: a. hypertension. b. cancer. c. CVD. d. AIDS.

To lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to: a. lose weight. b. consume a low-fat diet. c. increase physical activity. d. a and b e. a and c

In dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of CVD, trans-fatty acids are classified with _____ fat. a. saturated b. polyunsaturated c. unsaturated d. monounsaturated

To help prevent hypertension Americans should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day. a. 2000 b. 2200 c. 2300 d. 2600

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat in the diet should account for no more than _____ percent of calories. a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 30

An atherogenic diet is characterized as one: a. high in saturated fats. b. high in trans fats. c. high in polyunsaturated fats. d. a and b e. b and c

You have a friend with AIDS and are trying to support his nutrition status. Which of the following would you do? a. offer large, frequent meals b. encourage consumption of megadoses of nutrient supplements c. cook foods thoroughly and practice cleanliness d. cook a lot of food in advance and leave it out for your friend

To help control blood cholesterol you would: a. consume oats, barley, and legumes. b. limit foods with trans fatty acids. c. eliminate eggs from your diet. d. a and b e. b and c

To minimize risks of CVD you would: a. choose more fruits and whole grains. b. stir-fry all of your vegetables. c. consume 1 or 2 servings of fatty fish each week. d. a and b e. a and c

All of the following are risk factors for CVD except: a. LDL cholesterol of 150 mg/dL. b. diastolic blood pressure of 80. c. HDL cholesterol of 25 mg/dL. d. blood cholesterol of 240 mg/dL.

Jack's physician has placed him on a diet recommended by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to control his blood cholesterol. In order to follow this plan Jack would: a. consume ≤ 200 mg cholesterol per day. b. consume 25-35% of calories as fat. c. consume 30% of calories as monounsaturated fats. d. a and b e. a and c

You are interested in controlling your risk of developing CVD. Which of the following would you do? a. consume high levels of complex carbohydrates and fiber b. substitute fish for red meat twice a week c. use margarine in the place of olive oil d. a and c e. a and b

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension? a. Susie, a 30-year-old female who is slightly overweight b. Jack, a 40-year-old African American male whose parents had hypertension c. Jill, a 50-year-old female of Asian descent who consumes a diet relatively high in sodium d. Bill, a 45-year-old male of European descent who is a vegetarian

Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include: a. controlling energy intake. b. increasing intake of salt-cured products. c. increasing intake of fruits and vegetables. d. a and b e. a and c

Jeff is a 54-year-old male who is 5' 6" tall, weighs 165 pounds, and has hypertension. The single most effective dietary measure Jeff can take is to: a. consume less sodium. b. reduce his weight. c. increase intake of potassium. d. consume adequate calcium.

To reduce your risks of developing cancer you would: a. reduce intake of saturated fat only. b. have a high fruit and vegetable intake. c. consume whole grains and other fiber-rich foods. d. a and b e. b and c

A main difference between a person contracting an infectious disease or a degenerative disease is: a. infectious diseases are not related to the nutritional status of a person. b. infectious diseases can be cured with medications but degenerative diseases cannot. c. special immune-strengthening foods can prevent infectious diseases. d. people in developed countries will not get infectious diseases because of existing safeguards.

A college student who is on a high-protein diet for weight loss that restricts fruits and vegetables has just gotten a viral infection in her intestines that has made her ill. What might have made her more susceptible than her roommate who is eating regular meals in the cafeteria? a. protein deficiency has affected immune system cells b. vitamin C deficiency from no fruits and vegetables has affected white blood cell protection c. too much saturated fat from meat which has increased blood cholesterol levels d. dehydration has affected health of intestinal cells

A 45-year-old man who is overweight and has several family members with heart disease is concerned about developing it. Which risk factor does he have the ability to improve or change? a. gender b. family history c. weight d. age

A 58-year-old woman with hypertension and elevated LDL blood levels is complaining that she suddenly is feeling very tired, has shortness of breath and nausea, and has neck and shoulder pain. What would you advise her to do? a. lie down and rest for a short time until she feels better b. eat a light snack to help relieve her nausea c. see her doctor as soon as she is able to get an appointment to have her lungs checked d. go with you to the emergency room because she may be having a heart attack

What is the role of plaque formation in the arteries during heart disease development? a. it attracts macrophages which will clear blood clots away from artery walls b. it has a protective effect on areas of damage in the artery wall c. it can narrow passages in arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart d. it binds with LDL to prevent it from circulating in the blood and causing damage

When trying to reduce the risk of heart disease, the most important risk factor to modify first is: a. high LDL cholesterol because of its role in plaque formation. b. low HDL cholesterol because of its protective effect. c. obesity because of its effect on cholesterol levels. d. physical inactivity because of its effect on weight.

Which is the best meal to help reduce LDL cholesterol levels in the blood? a. grilled salmon, wild rice, steamed broccoli, and whole-wheat roll b. roast chicken, sweet potatoes, green peas, and biscuit c. pinto beans and ham, corn on the cob with margarine, cornbread d. roast beef, mashed potatoes, tossed salad with ranch dressing, sourdough bread

At what weight can a woman with hypertension who weighs 165 pounds first see a significantly lower blood pressure value? a. 125 pounds b. 135 pounds c. 145 pounds d. 155 pounds

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help? a. have at least two glasses of wine a day with dinner b. remove the salt shaker from the table c. eliminate high-potassium foods like potatoes and broccoli d. add vitamin and mineral supplements to make up deficiencies

Your uncle is considering taking an herbal medicine to control his hypertension after seeing an add for a product on the Internet. What information would you give him? a. because herbal medicines have been used for many years, they are safe b. buy herbal products with content labels on the bottle because they are the most reliable c. herbal products are made from natural ingredients so they don't contain any contaminants d. check to see if the herbs in the product have interactions with any drugs he is taking

A woman frequently has a dinner meal of grilled steak, baked potato with margarine, green peas and a white dinner roll. Which food should be eaten less often to reduce her risk of breast cancer? a. baked potato with margarine b. white dinner roll c. grilled steak d. green peas

A man is at risk of developing colon cancer because his grandfather and father died of it. Adding which of the following foods to his diet might reduce his risk? a. steamed broccoli b. grilled chicken c. boiled potatoes d. fruit drink

A woman with breast cancer wants to begin a macrobiotic diet which is very low in fat, and includes whole grains, soy beans instead of meat, and very specific vegetables. What should she know about its effectiveness for curing cancer? a. because it is low in fat, it can reduce cancer risk b. the antioxidants in fruits and vegetables will cure cancerous cells c. the diet is inadequate in calories for cancer recovery d. soy beans as a substitute for meat and milk will provide adequate calcium

Which of the following would be a good suggestion for making small changes in the type of fat in your diet for better health? a. spread margarine instead of butter on your toast for breakfast b. instead of a snack of potato chips and sour cream dip eat baked tortilla chips and salsa c. purchase only foods labeled "no trans fats" to be guaranteed they are low in fat d. select chicken nuggets instead of a hamburger at a fast-food restaurant

Which of the following would be the best way to add more fruits and vegetables to your diet? a. use ketchup on your French fries instead of salt b. have fruit roll-ups for a snack c. have a glass of orange drink for breakfast every day d. keep a bag of baby carrots in the refrigerator for a snack

An obesity-promoting environment is one characterized by: a. a sedentary lifestyle. b. increased exposure to advertising. c. consumption of high-energy foods. d. a and b e. a and c

The average person in the United States today consumes about _____ calories per day more than in 1971. a. 250 b. 350 c. 450 d. 550

Today's meals are most often influenced by: a. which foods are readily available. b. which foods are easiest to prepare. c. which foods are more nutritious. d. a and b e. b and c

You have chosen to treat yourself to one weekly mocha latte coffee which has 215 calories. This could add how much to your body weight in a year's time? a. 2 pounds b. 3 pounds c. 4 pounds d. 5 pounds

For someone trying to make healthier choices when purchasing pre-packaged convenience foods to use at home, which would be the best choice? a. frozen pre-cut steak fries b. dried pasta in a bag and spaghetti sauce in a jar c. frozen pizza d. bagged cut salad greens

What is a beneficial action you as an individual can take to change eating and physical activity habits for yourself and others in your community? a. refuse to let your children eat the school lunch b. move to the suburbs so you will have access to a park to walk in c. join a neighborhood association that promotes safe exercise programs d. boycott all restaurants that serve large-portion meals

Recommendations to help a family on a minimum wage income purchase low-cost, nutritious food include: a. watching weekly grocery ads for fruit and vegetable specials. b. eating only meals cooked at home. c. avoiding purchasing any pre-packaged and canned foods. d. buying "super size" foods to get your money's worth in restaurants.

What would be a good way for a low-income person living in the inner city to get exercise? a. ride your bike to work b. walk to the nearest city park and back c. take the stairs instead of the elevator in your high-rise apartment building d. purchase a low-cost exercise DVD or video to use at home