Classify each item as being associated with light positioning (controlling how and where light strikes the retina) or sensory processing (how that information is processed).
Drag each label to the appropriate box to indicate whether each statement is associated with rods or cones.
answer
rods:
- involved with night vision
- smooth plasma membrane surrounding the intramembranous discs
- uses rhodopsin
- used in scotopic vision
- absorption peak occurs at 500 nm
cones:
- highly concentrated in and around the macula
- involved with color vision
- infolded plasma membrane surrounds each disc
- uses photopsin
- absorption peaks occur at 420, 531, and 558 nm
question
Indicate whether the given structure is more involved with hearing or equilibrium.
Indicate whether the given structure is located in the outer, middle, or inner ear.
answer
first section:
- pinna
second section:
- stapes
- auditory tube
- tensor tympani muscle
third section:
- maculae
- semicircular canals
- cristae
- vestibule
- otolithic membrane
question
Indicate whether the given structure is located in the outer, middle, or inner ear.
answer
first section:
- helix
second section:
- incus
- pharyngotympanic tube
- stapedius
third section:
- spiral organ
- vestibular nerve
- helicotrema
- utricle
- cupulae
- basilar membrane
question
Read each description below regarding the different ways to classify receptors. Then, click and drag each description to the appropriate category based on the classification method to which it applies.
Read each description or phrase below regarding sound waves. Then, click and drag each into the appropriate category based on whether it is associated with pitch or loudness.
answer
pitch:
- determined by the frequency of sound waves
- measured in Hertz
- a person singing a high C
- cycles per second
loudness:
- measured in decibels
- how far back and forth the cone vibrates on each cycle
- sound intensity
- amplitude of sound wave
question
Click and drag each of the descriptions to identify which primary taste sensation they apply to.
answer
salty:
- produced by potassium and sodium ions
- craved by people with electrolyte deficiencies
sweet:
- usually associated with high-calorie foods
- produced by sugars
sour:
- produced by acids in foods like lemons
- common in citrus fruits
bitter:
- serves as a warning not to ingest a poisonous or spoiled food
- produced by organic alkaloids, like caffeine
umami:
- produced by amino acids
- perceived as a "meaty" flavor
question
Click and drag each of the items below into the appropriate category to determine if each contributes to the taste of food or just the flavor of food.
answer
taste:
- umami
- sweet
- stimulation of the facial nerve
- bitterness of a toxic plant
flavor:
- texture
- aroma
- appearance
- stimulation of the trigeminal nerve
- spiciness of hot peppers
- temperature of food
question
Click and drag each of the scenarios below to identify whether it is associated with the general senses or the special senses.
answer
general senses:
- noticing that your skin is cold
- describing the texture of an object
- feeling the weight of an object in your hand
- feeling the pain of a hot stove
special senses:
- identifying the aroma of a chocolate chip cookie
- being able to recognize your friend's face
- feeling the direction of the movement of an amusement ride
- listening to music
question
Place the following labels in order indicating the passage of light through the eyeball. Start with the cornea at the top.
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper word to the appropriate position.
answer
- Sound waves reaching the olfactory mucosa do not elicit olfactory perception due to the MODALITY not matching the type of stimulus of the receptor.
- To protect the body, potentially harmful substances emit an odor perceived as UNPLEASANT.
- A human's inability to perceive smells apparent to dogs represents insufficient INTENSITY of stimulus.
- The unpleasurable chemical smells of dissection rooms become nonperceptible over time due to SENSORY ADAPTATION of phasic receptors.
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper word to the appropriate position.
answer
- The SACCULE contains vertically arranged maculae that would provide feedback of body movement in the vertical plane
- The MACULA UTRICULI are stimulated during linear acceleration in the transverse plane.
- An example of LINEAR ACCELERATION would include sitting in a wheeled chair and having someone push you from behind.
- An example of ANGULAR ACCELERATION would be sitting in a chair and having someone spin you in a circle.
- Each of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS is specially positioned to detect angular acceleration in one of the three planes.
- When someone is standing still, the kinocilia of the macula sacculi are bending inferiorly and thus conveying information regarding one's STATIC EQUILIBRIUM.
- The concept of DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM can be exemplified by any acceleration, or change in velocity.
question
During hearing, which of the following is the first to vibrate?
answer
Tympanic membrane
question
The middle ear has four bones.
answer
False
question
Short wavelengths from high pitched sounds cause displacement of the basilar membrane near the oval window.
answer
True
question
A structure composed of nervous tissue along with other tissues that enhance its response to a certain type of stimulus is called a(n) __________.
answer
sense organ
question
Which of the following are examples of the kind of information obtained from sensory receptors? Check all that apply.
answer
- Bitter
- Brightness of light
- Duration of an instrumental note
- Placement of an item in your left vs. right hand
question
Which of the following statements are true regarding olfaction? Check all that apply.
answer
- Smell is a chemical sense.
- Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor.
- Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli.
question
Which of the following statements are true regarding gustation? Check all that apply.
answer
- Taste is chemical sense.
- When gustatory hairs are stimulated, a receptor potential is created.
- All of the primary tastes can be detected throughout the tongue.
question
Which of the following is a true statement regarding photoreceptors? Check all that apply.
answer
- Rods are responsible for night vision.
-Rods are associated with photopic vision.
- Cones are associated with color vision.
- There are more cones than rods.
question
What information does the brain use to determine the intensity of a stimulus? Check all that apply.
answer
- How many sensory neurons respond
- How long the stimulus lasts
question
Match each type of receptor to the stimulus it detects.
Place the following events in order starting with the vibration of the oval window and ending with the depolarization of hair cells.
answer
1. Oval window vibrates.
2. Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the scala vestibuli.
3. Basilar membrane moves up and down.
4. Inner hair cells are pushed against the tectorial membrane.
5. Stereocilia bend and tip-link proteins open potassium channels.
6. Potassium ions enter hair cell causing depolarization.
question
Which of the following are types of photoreceptor cells? Check all that apply.
answer
- rods
- cones
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