Medical Terminology Chapter 11

eyes

eyes

eyes

eyes

Iris

Iris

Iris

Lens

Lens of eye

Retina

Lacrimal Apparatus

Lacrimal Apparatus

Ears

Ears

Ears

Ears

Ears

Outer Ear

Middle Ear

Middle Ear

Inner Ear

Eyelid

Hearing

iris, colored part of the eye

horny, hard, cornea

tympanic membrane, eardrum

eye, vision

vision condition

old age

sclera, white of the eye, hard

turn, change

measures how much sound is reflected back from the eardrum, a way to test how much fluid is in the middle ear to diagnose otitis media

inner ear, "auditory nerves", transmit this information to the brain

is a brain tumor that develops adjacent to the cranial nerve running from the brain to the inner ear

the accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ

process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna and then travel down the external auditory canal until they strike the tympanic membrane

is a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, WITHOUT DETECTABLE DISEASE OF THE EYE

is any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina

condition in which the pupils are unequal size

is a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of the uneven curvatures of the cornea

specializes in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments

"speech audiometry", measurement of the ability to hear and understand speech sounds based on their pitch and loudness

is the use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity

term pertaining to hearing

middle ear, three small bones, transmit sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear by vibration

middle ear, is a pressure-related ear condition

inner ear, is a common cause of vertigo that occurs when there is a shift in the location of small crystals in the semicircular canals

involves both ears

swelling of the eyelid, often at the location of the eyelash hair follicles

occurs as the eardrum vibrates and causes the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate

loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity

"earwax", is secreted by the ceruminous glands that line the auditory canal, in the outer ear

is a nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland

middle ear, "pearly tumor", is a destructive epidermal cyst made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol

is an electronic device that bypasses the damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve

inner ear, snail shaped structure where sound vibrations are converted in to nerve impulses

occurs when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid-filled inner ear

transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball

"pink eye", inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy

"keratoplasty", is the surgical replacement of a scarred or diseased cornea with clear corneal tissue from a donor

pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury

is an examination of how the two eyes work together and is used to assess binocular vision

is an inflammation of the lacrimal gland caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection

of the eyes is required in preparation for the ophthalmoscopic examination of the interior of the eye

"double vision", perception of two images of a single object

is the unit of measurement of a lens's refractive power

damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes

middle ear, "tympanostomy tubes" are tiny ventilating tubes placed through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure that can build up after childhood ear infections

eversion of the edge of an eyelid

the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

is the removal of the eyeball, leaving the eye muscles intact

is the inversion of the edge of an eyelid

"cross eyes", is strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes

middle ear, "auditory tubes", narrow tubes that lead from middle ear to nasal cavity and throat,

"walleye", is strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other

transmits these sound waves to the tympanic membrane, located in the outer ear

surgical procedure in which a new opening is created in the labyrinth to restore lost hearing

"vitreous floaters", particles of cellular debris that float in the vitreous humor and cast shadows on the retina

is the application of fluorescent dye to the surface of the eye via eye drops or a strip applicator

is a radio graphic study of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye following the intravenous injection of a fluorescein dye as a contrast medium

group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve

is blindness in one-half of the visual field

"stye", is a pus-filled and often painful lesion on the eyelid resulting from an acute infection in a sebaceous gland

"farsightedness", is a defect in which the light rays focus beyond the retina

outer ear, an accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass by adhering to the walls of the external auditory canal

middle ear, contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum

contains sensory receptors for hearing and balance

is the surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris

most common form the uveitis

inflammation of the cornea

occurs when the cornea becomes irregular and cone-shaped, causing blurring and distortion of vision

inner ear, inflammation of the labyrinth that can result in vertigo and deafness

surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth

is used to treat open-angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork to allow the fluid to drain properly

is the general term used to describe the surgical removal of a cataract-clouded lens

gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting in the loss of central vision but not in total blindess

surgical removal of mastoid cells

middle ear, temporal bone containing hollow air space that surrounds the middle ear

middle ear, inflammation of any part of the mastoid bone

inner ear, rare chronic disorder in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, producing attacks of vertigo, a fluctuating hearing loss

"color blindness", inability to distinguish certain colors in a normal manner

involves one ear

contraction of the pupil, normally in response to exposure to light but also possibly due to the use of prescription or illegal drugs

the dilation of the pupil, the opposite of miosis

"nearsightedness", is a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina

are placed into the eyes to produce temporary paralysis, forcing the pupils to remain dilated even in the presence of bright light

is a small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes

type of nerve deafness caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises such as a gunshot

"night blindness", is a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night

is an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury or drug use

"artificial eye", may be fitted to wear over a malformed eye or to replace an eyeball that is either congenitally missing or has been surgically removed

"funduscopy", is used of an ophthalmoscope to visually examine the fundus

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes

holds a doctor of optometry degree and provides primary eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions and measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed

"chronic glaucoma", is by far the most common form of this condition

"acute glaucoma", the opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork

is a health care practitioner who designs, fits, and dispenses lenses for vision correction

inner ear, receives the vibrations from the cochlear duct and relays them to the auditory nerve fibers

outer ear, "earache", is pain in the ear

outer ear, means any inflammation of the ear

inflammation of the middle ear

outer ear, is a fungal infection of the external auditory canal

outer ear, is the flow of pus from the ear

outer ear, is any discharge from the ear

outer ear, is bleeding from the ear

outer ear, surgical repair, restoration, or alteration of the pinna of the ear

middle ear, is the ankylosis of the bones on the middle ear, resulting in conductive hearing loss

is the surgical incision into the orbit

instrument used to examine the external ear canal

inner ear, located under the base of the stapes, is the membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear

"choked disk", swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk

is swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye or eyes

Pupils are Equal, Round, Repsonsive to Light and Accommodation

is the use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract

condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with again

presence of what appears to be flashes of light, or "flashers"

gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages

"auricle", located in the outer ear, it is the external portion of the ear

condition of common changes in the eye occur with aging

is the drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis

is a surgical procedure to treat myopia

is any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina

"detached retina" or "retinal tears", separation of some or all of the light-sensitive retina from the choroid

is used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment

progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision

inflammation of the sclera

a silicone band or sponge used to repair a detached retina

"blind spot", is an abnormal area of diminished vision surrounded by an area of normal vision

inner ear, connected to the cochlea by the vestibule, contain the liquid endolymph, and sensitive hair cells

occurs when these sound vibrations reach the inner ear

"nerve deafness", develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged

is used to measure visual acuity

can be involved in numerous medical areas including audiology

is done to determine an eye's refractive error so that the best corrective lenses can be presribed

is a diagnostic procedure in which a narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of the eye to permit the ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye, including the cornea, iris, and lens

middle ear, surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device known as a piston that conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear

a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly, because the eye muscles are unable to focus together

is bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera

is the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids to protect the eye when the lids are paralyzed and unable to close normally

inner ear, condition of a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears

is the measurement of intraocular pressure

is the use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear

the surgical correction of a damaged middle ear, either to cure chronic inflammation or to restore function

middle ear, "eardrum", transmits the sound by vibrating

inflammation of the uvea causing swelling and irritation

inner ear, sense of whirling, dizziness, and loss of balance that is often combined with nausea and vomiting

is a form of physical therapy designed to treat a wide variety of balance disorders, the majority of which are caused by problems in the inner ear and vestibular nerve

is the removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution

"dry eye", drying of the eye surfaces, including the conjunctiva, because the tear glands do not produce enough tears

use a turning fork to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing losses

"perimetry", performed to determine losses in peripheral vision

"eye socket", the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves

arranged in three pairs, are attached to each eye

occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible

the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet

small hairs, make up the eyebrows and eyelashes

"tarsal plate", framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape

"tear apparatus", consists of the structures that produce, store and remove tears

secrete lacrimal fluid, located on the underside of the upper eyelid just above the outer corner of each eye

"tears", maintain moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball

consists of a duct at the inner corner of the eye

"tear sac", enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct

"nasolacrimal duct", passageway that drains excess tears into the nose

white part of the eye

opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye

sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye

"aqueous fluid", fills both chambers

measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye

"vitreous gel"

receive images that have passed through the lens of the eye

"macula lutea", clearly defined light-sensitive area in the center of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision

pit in the middle of the macula

"blind spot", small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve

transmits the nerve impulses from the retina to the brain

pigmented layer of the eye

located within the choroid, set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina

the colorful circular structure that surrounds the pupil

transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil

the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye

the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances

simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other

"refractive power", ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina

the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance