Chapter 16

Which of the following are examples of the kind of information obtained from sensory receptors? Check all that apply. Bitter Brightness of light Membrane potential Duration of a instrumental note Placement of an item in your left vs. right hand

T or F. A receptor is an axon that carries sensory impulses to the spinal cord's dorsal horn of gray matter.

Which of the following is not a way that receptors are classified? By stimulus origin By sensory projection By stimulus modality By receptor distribution All of these are ways to classify receptors.

T or F. Our brain perceives different colors because each cone responds to a different wavelength on the visual spectrum.

Which of the following statements is true regarding olfaction? Check all that apply. Smell is a chemical sense. Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor. Humans can only distinguish up to 200 odors. Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli. When olfactory receptors are stimulated a receptor potential is created.

The three types of cones are differentiated by their __________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding gustation? Check all that apply. Taste is chemical sense. It's easier to taste with a dry tongue. Humans are more sensitive to taste than to smell. When gustatory hairs are stimulated, a receptor potential is created. All of the primary tastes can be detected throughout the tongue.

A structure composed of nervous tissue along with other tissues that enhance its response to a certain type of stimulus is called a(n) __________.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding photoreceptors? Check all that apply. Rods are responsible for night vision. Rods are associated with photopic vision. Cones are associated with color vision. There are more cones than rods. Cones function in brighter light.

As the number of cycles per second increases, the sound we perceive __________.

Where do most second-order somesthetic neurons synapse with third-order neurons?

Which of the following is not considered an accessory structure of the eye? Conjunctiva Palpebra Lacrimal apparatus Superior oblique Cornea

Why do cones exhibit less neuronal convergence than rods?

Which of the following does not contribute to the sense of equilibrium? Otolithic membrane Semicircular canals Saccule Utricle Vallate papillae

What is a sensation?

T or F. Fast pain is a localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers.

Which of the following is not involved with spinal gating of pain signals? Nociceptors The spinothalamic tract Lower motor neurons Second-order neurons The reticulospinal tract

Each upward movement of the basilar membrane causes the stereocilia of the inner hair cells to bend, opening __________ gates.

Which of the following is not an analgesic (pain reliever) found naturally in the central nervous system? Endogenous opioid Dynorphin Enkephalins Endorphins Bradykinin

T or F. Olfaction results from the stimulation of chemoreceptors.

Which of the following structures is visible to the naked eye? Lingual papilla Taste (gustatory) cell Taste hair Taste bud Taste pore

Glaucoma is a state of elevated pressure within the eye that occurs when the __________ is obstructed so the aqueous humor is not reabsorbed as fast as it is secreted.

What are the first-order neurons in the visual pathway?

What are the only retinal cells that produce action potentials?

You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell fades. What explains this phenomenon?

Where is the primary olfactory cortex located?

The spiral organ is housed within which of the following structures? Scala vestibuli Scala tympani Cochlear duct Anterior semicircular duct Vestibule

Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity?

Changes in blood pressure are detected by __________ in certain arteries.

What is the crista ampullaris associated with?

Which of the following is not considered an optic component of the eye? Aqueous humor Vitreous body Lens Retina Cornea

Which of the following structures belong to the inner ear? Tympanic membrane Helix Incus Semicircular duct Tensor tympani muscle

T or F. Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin.

T or F. The macula sacculi is nearly horizontal and the macula utriculi is nearly vertical.

What is the correct order of cells in the retina from back to front?

When you view objects close to the eye, the eye makes an adjustment called __________.

Human vision is limited to wavelengths ranging from __________ nm.

What do pheromones stimulate?

Which cells are responsible for photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision?

T or F. Sensory receptors sense only stimuli external to the body, such as light, sound waves, smell, and touch.

What event causes rhodopsin to go from violet to clear in color?

An eye with which of the following conditions does not need a corrective lens to focus the image? Hyperopia Myopia Presbyopia Emmetropia Astigmatism

Half of the fibers of each optic nerve decussate at the __________.

T or F. The ossicles belong to the middle ear.

T or F. Transduction begins with an action potential in a sensory receptor.

Which of these is most vulnerable to irreversible damage caused by a very loud noise? Ossicles Cochlear hair cells Tympanic membrane Fibers of the cochlear nerve Tectorial membrane

A 100 dB sound (loud) of 150 Hz (low pitch) would cause which of the following to occur? The tectorial membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end The tectorial membrane to vibrate vigorously near its proximal end The basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its proximal end The basilar membrane to vibrate vigorously near its distal end The basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end

T or F. The middle ear consists of a fluid-filled chamber.

When you spin while sitting in a swivel chair with your eyes closed, you can sense this movement by means of your __________.