Ch. 17

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the __________. kidneys adrenal gland anterior pituitary hypothalamus pancreas

The absence of iodine in the diet leads to __________. hypoparathyroidism hypothyroidism hypocalcemia hypoglycemia hypoxemia

Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause __________ when it begins in adulthood. myxedema Graves disease Cushing syndrome goiter acromegaly

The hormone called _________ plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness. calcitonin melanin melatonin hepcidin inhibin

The _________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin. posterior pituitary anterior pituitary hypothalamus thyroid thymus

The __________ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells). thyroid thymus adrenal gland spleen parathyroid

Which of the following organs has both endocrine and exocrine functions? The adrenal gland The salivary glands The ovary The pineal gland The thymus

The posterior pituitary secretes _________. prolactin (PRL) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) oxytocin (OT) thyroid hormone (TH) growth hormone (GH)

_________ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology. Neurotransmitters Neuromodulators Hormones Parahormones Paracrines

What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? The chemical properties of the hormone The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone The location of the gland that secretes the hormone The location of the target cells in the body The site where the hormone is secreted

Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands? They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects. They secrete their products by way of ducts. They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries. They release their secretions into the blood. Their secretions may be released onto the body surface.

Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the _________ and the __________. adrenal glands; intestines liver; kidneys blood; kidneys liver; spleen spleen; kidneys

Which of the following is not a role of prostaglandins? To induce labor contractions To stop fever and pain To constrict or dilate arterioles To act as vasodilators or vasoconstrictors To inhibit gastric secretion

Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________. negative feedback inhibition positive feedback inhibition up-regulation down-regulation antagonistic regulation

Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion? GHRH GHIH ACTH CRH TSH

The anterior pitiurary is __________ than the posterior pituitary and has __________ connection to the hypothalamus. smaller; no nervous larger; a nervous larger; no nervous smaller; a nervous

Neither follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute. This is an example of which principle regarding hormones? Hormone clearance The cascade effect The synergistic effect The permissive effect The antagonistic effect

The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes ___________. glucagon epinephrine estradiol aldosterone cortisol

The hypophyseal portal system connects the _________ with the _________. anterior pituitary; hypothalamus posterior pituitary; hypothalamus anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary hypothalamus; thyroid pituitary glands; thyroid

Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one's physical or emotional well-being is called __________. stress pathology disease hyperthyroidism hirsuitism

Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose. glucagon; lowers glucagon; raises insulin; lowers insulin; raises glucocorticoids; raises

The ___________ can be found as part of the epithalamus, near the superior colliculi of the midbrain. hypothalamus pituitary gland pineal gland hypophysis adrenal gland

Of the following hormones, which has more target cells in the body than the others? Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Growth hormone (GH) Oxytocin (OT)

Which of the following hormones is not a tropin? TSH GRH ACTH PRL TRH

Diabetes insipidus is caused by __________. epinephrine hypersecretion cortisol hypersecretion aldosterone hypersecretion antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion

The infundibulum is a ___________. mass of endocrine and neural cells portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the __________. thyroid gland thyroid hormone hypothalamus posterior pituitary anterior pituitary

The nervous system reacts to stimuli __________ compared to the endocrine system, adapts __________ compared to the endocrine system, and has __________ effects compared to the endocrine system. slowly; slowly; widespread quickly; slowly; specific quickly; quickly; widespread quickly; quickly; specific slowly; quickly; specific

The __________ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia. thymus thyroid gland parathyroid glands pineal gland pituitary gland

The __________ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness , quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system. thyroid gland pancreas adrenal gland parathyroid gland thymus

The __________ secrete(s) __________, which promotes Na+ and water retention. adrenal medulla; epinephrine pancreas; cortisol kidneys; corticosterone adrenal cortex; aldosterone thyroid; calcitonin

Which of the following enters a target cell's nucleus and acts directly on the genes. Insulin Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Estrogen Glucagon Oxytocin (OT)

Which of the following is not a characteristic of diabetes mellitus? Hypoglycemia Polyuria Polyphagia Polydipsia Glucosuria

The __________ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function. kidney pancreas thyroid gland parathyroid gland adrenal gland

Which of the following is not a steroid hormone? Insulin Cortisol Progesterone Aldosterone Estradiol