Endocrine System Anatomy

chemicals that affect the behavior of other glands or tissues; influence the metabolism of cells, the growth and development of body parts, and homeostasis; an essential component in the stress response; some act on the brain to influence behavior

ductless organ that secretes hormones into the blood stream

Organ system involved in the coordination of body activities; uses hormones as chemical signals secreted into the blood stream

B Function: release hypothalamic-releasing-and-inhibiting hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary hormones; modulates heartbeat, blood pressure, hunger and appetite, body temperature and water balance through the autonomic nervous system and controls the glandular secretions of the pituitary gland

D Function: secretes antidiuretic (ADH) which stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys; also secretes oxytocin which stimulates uterine contractions and release of milk

C Function: releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which stimulates the thyroid; secretes adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) which stimulates the adrenal cortex; Gonadotropic (FSH, LH) which influences egg and sperm production along with sex hormone production; Prolactin which is involved in milk production; Growth (GH) which is involved in cell division, protein synthesis, and bone growth; Melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)- unknown function in humans, regulates skin color in lower vertebrates

g. Function: releases Thyroxine and triodothyronine which increases the metabolic rate and regulates growth and development

A Function: release parathyroid (PTH) which raises blood calcium levels

B Function: release glucocorticoids (cortisol) which raise blood glucose levels and stimulate the breakdown of protein; Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) which influence the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium; Sex hormones that stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics; part of adrenal gland

A Function: secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine which are releases in the fight or flight response; raise blood glucose levels; part of adrenal gland

e. Function: secretes insulin which lowers blood glucose levels and promotes formation of glycogen; glucagon which raises blood glucose levels

A Function: secretes androgens (testosterone) which stimulate male sex characteristics

A Function: secrete estrogens and progesterones which stimulate female sex characteristics

d. Function: secretes thymosins which stimulate production and maturation of T lymphocytes

A Function: secretes melatonin which controls circadian and circannual rhythms and is possibly involved in maturation of the sex organs

one of the mechanisms that controls release of hormones; the output of a system suppresses or inhibits the activity of the system

C Function: Cortex-release glucocorticoids (cortisol) which raise blood glucose levels and stimulate the breakdown of protein; Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) which influence the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium; Sex hormones that stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics; Medulla- secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine which are releases in the fight or flight response; raise blood glucose levels

Function:secrete adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and enkephalin and enkephalin-containing peptides into the blood stream

A Function: produce and secrete the mineralocorticoid aldosterone into the blood which regulates the concentration of electrolytes, particularly sodium and potassium

B Function: produces glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol in the human), which regulates the metabolism of glucose, especially in times of stress (fight or flight response)

C Function: produce precursor androgens including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione from cholesterol

Function: Cortex-release glucocorticoids (cortisol) which raise blood glucose levels and stimulate the breakdown of protein; Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) which influence the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium; Sex hormones that stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics; Medulla- secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine which are releases in the fight or flight response; raise blood glucose levels

A Function: release glucocorticoids (cortisol) which raise blood glucose levels and stimulate the breakdown of protein; Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) which influence the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium; Sex hormones that stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics

B Function: secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine which are releases in the fight or flight response; raise blood glucose levels

Function: controls growth; blood pressure; some aspects of pregnancy and childbirth including stimulation of uterine contractions during childbirth; breast milk production; sex organ functions in both males and females; thyroid gland function; metabolism; water and osmolarity regulation in the body; water balance via the control of reabsorption of water by the kidneys; temperature regulation

B Glandular Epithelial Tissue Function: releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which stimulates the thyroid; secretes adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) which stimulates the adrenal cortex; Gonadotropic (FSH, LH) which influences egg and sperm production along with sex hormone production; Prolactin which is involved in milk production; Growth (GH) which is involved in cell division, protein synthesis, and bone growth; Melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)- unknown function in humans, regulates skin color in lower vertebrates

A Nervous Tissue Function: secretes antidiuretic (ADH) which stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys; also secretes oxytocin which stimulates uterine contractions and release of milk

Function: releases Thyroxine and triodothyronine which increases the metabolic rate and regulates growth and development

Function:selectively absorb iodine (as iodide ions, I-) from the blood for production of thyroid hormones, but also for storage of iodine in thyroglobulin

secrete triiodothyronine and thyroxine

Function: store iodine for hormone production

Function: secrete calcitonin

Function: release parathyroid (PTH) which raises blood calcium levels

Darker, more proliferous cells Function: manufacture PTH

Function: secretes insulin which lowers blood glucose levels and promotes formation of glycogen; glucagon which raises blood glucose levels

Function: Hormone production and secretion