APUSH Chapter 21

22 August 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
50 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (46)
question
Total War
answer
A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.
question
Triple Entente
answer
a military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.
question
Triple Alliance
answer
Alliance between Germany, Italy, Austria Hungry
question
Neutrality
answer
nonparticipation in a dispute or war
question
Lusitania
answer
a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.
question
Pacifists
answer
people who refuse to fight in any war because they believe war is evil
question
Interventionists
answer
These are people who favor intervention, especially by a government, in the affairs of others, such as nations. Woodrow Wilson finally adopted such a policy in 1917 when he chose to finally participate in WWI.
question
Election of 1916
answer
election between Democrat Woodrow Wilson and Republican Supreme Court Justice Charles Hughes, Wilson wins election with campaign slogan "He kept us out of War"
question
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
answer
A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters without warning
question
Zimmerman Telegram
answer
March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico.
question
Russian Revolution
answer
Prompted by labor unrest, personal liberties, and elected representatives, this political revolution occurred in 1917 when Czar Nicholas II was murdered and Vladimir Lenin sought control to implement his ideas of socialism.
question
American Expeditionary Force
answer
About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals
question
Selective Service Act
answer
This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. By the end of WWI, 24.2 million had registered; 2.8 million had been inducted into the army. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45.
question
African-American soldiers
answer
during World War I; 200,000 served in France; 1/5 saw combat (as opposed to 2/3 white soldiers); organized into segregated units; barred from marines and coastguard; worked poor jobs (cooked, etc.) for army/navy; violent treatment (especially from Southern white officers); often denied service in restaurants/admission to theaters near training camps; combat units served with distinction in the French Army.
question
General John J. Pershing
answer
led the American Expeditionary Force; urged that the AEF operate as an independent fighting force, under American command; was made General of the Armies of the United States, which is the highest rank given to an officer
question
Trench warfare
answer
war from inside trenches enemies would try killing eachother with machine guns and tanks, and poison gas
question
Armistice
answer
a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms
question
Chemical weapons
answer
weapons which utilize toxic agents such as poison gas to kill or harm large groups of people. One of the deadliest types used during World War I was mustard gas.
question
Liberty Bonds
answer
Where people bought bonds so the government could get that money now for war. The bonds increased in interest over time.
question
War Boards
answer
In order to get needed supplies to the American forces, Wilson's government mobilized a civilian organization to oversee the economy. Each different "war board' oversaw a different part of the economy, making management of the project easier.
question
War Industries Board (WIB)
answer
created by Wilson to oversee the production and distribution of goods made by the country's war industries
question
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
answer
This agency was assembled by Congress in 1935 and oversaw the National Labor Relation Act (1935). As an independent agency, the NLRB controlled the secret ballot elections during collective bargaining and managed the complaints of unfairness by the employers or unions.
question
Ludlow Massacre
answer
The violent deaths of 20 people, 11 of them children, during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado in the on April 20, 1914.
question
Great Migration
answer
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
question
Women's Bureau
answer
This federal organization was established in 1920, it was founded to provided data on women to congress and advocate for protective labor legislation and better working conditions. This was first headed by Mary Anderson who helped write the idea into federal law with the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act. This organization still exists as a department within the US Department of Labor and still studies and advocates for women today focusing on equal pay, job flexibility, higher paying jobs for women employment for homeless veterans.
question
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
answer
Created in 1917 by President Wilson and headed by progressive journalist George Creel, this organization rallied support for American involvment in World War I through art, advertising, and film.
question
Espionage Act of 1917
answer
United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, on June 15, 1917, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. The legislation was passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who feared any widespread dissent in time of war, thinking that it constituted a real threat to an American victory.
question
Sabotage Act of 1918
answer
Further expanded the Espionage Act of 1917 by making public expression of opposition to the war illegal and by allowing the government to prosecute any criticizers of the president of the government.
question
Sedition Act of 1918
answer
added to Espionage Act to cover "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces.
question
Socialist Party
answer
Political parties formed in the unity of an international organization with a set beliefs inspired by the writings of Karl Marx. They desired economic and political philosophy favoring public or government control of property and income. Their goal was to end the capitalist system, distribute wealth more equally, and nationalize American industries
question
Billy Sunday
answer
An American athlete and religious figure who, after being a popular outfielder in baseball's National League during the 1880s, became the most celebrated and influential American evangelist during the first two decades of the 20th century., American fundamentalist minister; he used colorful language and powerful sermons to drive home the message of salvation through Jesus and to oppose radical and progressive groups.
question
American Protective League
answer
an American World War I-era private organization that worked with federal law enforcement agencies in support of the anti German Empire movement, as well as against radical anarchists, anti-war activists, and left-wing labor and political organizations.
question
Vigilante Groups
answer
groups that took the law into their own hands, ex. klu klux klan
question
100 percent Americanism
answer
Celebrated all things American while it attacked ideas and people that were foreign. A response to the growing influx of foreign immigrants throughout the 1920s.
question
Fourteen Points
answer
the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations
question
League of Nations
answer
International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s.
question
National self-determination
answer
The notion that people should be able to live free from outside interference in nations with clearly defined borders, and should be able to choose their own national governments through democratic majority-rule elections.
question
Paris Peace Conference
answer
The great rulers and countries excluding germany and Russia met in Versailles to negotiate the repercussions of the war, such leaders included Loyd George (Britain), Woodrow Wilson (America), Cleamancu (France) and Italy. The treaty of Versailles was made but not agreed to be signed and the conference proved unsuccessful.
question
The Big Four
answer
Italy, France, England, and the U.S. 4 powers who met at Versallies to discuss peace
question
Reparations
answer
As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.
question
Mandate system
answer
Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision. (p. 770)
question
Treaty of Versailles
answer
Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.
question
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
answer
Republic progressive of Massachusetts. He and his allies wanted amendments to Article X to ensure that the treaty would not infringe on Congress's constitution authority to declare war. They were worried that it would prevent the U.S from pursuing an independent foreign policy.
question
Postwar recession
answer
Late in 1920, the economic bubble burst, as many of the temporary forces that had created it disappeared and as inflation began killing the market for consumer goods. Between 1920 and 1921, the gross national product (GNP) declined nearly 10 percent; 100,000 business went bankrupt; 453,000 farmers lost their land; nearly 5 million Americans lost their jobs.
question
Postwar race riots
answer
Common.
question
Marcus Garvey
answer
Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business
question
The Red Scare
answer
As strikes erupted across the United States in 1919, the fear that Communists might seize power led to a nationwide panic.
question
Palmer Raids
answer
A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities
question
Sacco and Vanzetti
answer
were two italian born american laborers and anarchists who were tried convicted and executed via electrocution on Aug 3 1927 in Massachusetts for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed they had nothing to do with the crime
question
Nineteenth Amendment
answer
the constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.