ANT3520 Forensic Anthro

15 October 2022
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They are not representative of the entire historic U.S. population
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What is the major problem with the Hamann-Todd and Terry Skeletal Collections?
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Certifies forensic anthropologists and sets professional standards
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The American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA):
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Forensic Anthropology
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Which of these is NOT a primary subfield of Anthropology?
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It is one of the first cases that uses forensic anthropological techniques
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The Parkman murder case is important because
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A field that involves both anthropology and forensic studies.A subdiscipline of biological anthropology
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Forensic anthropology is
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The establishment of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA)
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An event of the "Modern Period" in forensic anthropology is:
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1849-1938 (formative period) 2000-present (new millennium) 1939-1971 (consolidation period) 1972-1999 (modern period)
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Match the historical era to the correct years
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The case has forensic merit
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In what instance would a forensic anthropologist analyze historical remains?
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Can also be referred to as physical anthropology. Played an unfortunate role in the development of early racial typologies. Is interested in the full extent of human variability. Has its earliest origins in the 15th Century Age of Discovery
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Biological anthropology:
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Kathy Reichs
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Which of these is not a seminal, early forensic anthropologist?
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Aiding in the recovery of human remains. Analyzing traumatic injuries to bone
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Within the medicolegal system, the roles of a forensic anthropologist could include:
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Homicide
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Which of these is a manner of death?
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There may not be enough violent crime to have a full-time medical pathologist.
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Why would a state have a coroner system instead of the Medical Examiner system?
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Scientific work related to the legal system in criminal and civil cases
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"Forensic" refers to:
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To see for one's self
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What does autopsy mean in Greek?
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The manner of death is homicide
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One Saturday night after a Gator's football game, George walks into The Salty Dog Saloon and gets into an altercation with Steve, an inebriated student. Steve hits George over the head with a barstool and they are both kicked out of the bar. George seems to be fine but two months later goes into the emergency room for intense pain in his head. He has internal bleeding in his skull. He dies two hours later.
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Medical Examiner/coroner
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In crime scenes involving remains, the body is the jurisdiction of:
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Notifying kin. Signing the death certificate. Collecting the belongings.
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The coroner is responsible for:
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Gunshot wound to the head
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Which of these is a cause of death?
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Acts as a liason between the Medical Examiner and the Family
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A Medicolegal Death Investigator:
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Context
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The relationship among items of evidence and between the greater crime scene and the world at large is referred to as:
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A lot of time. Experience in archaeological techniques. Setting up a datum and a baseline
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The recovery of human remains typically involves:
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Processing log
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The recovery process is documented in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
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in place, as found
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Which of the following is the definition of In situ?
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Noninvasive search technique
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Remote sensing is a type of
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Remains should never be removed from the scene.
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Which statement about the goals of search and recovery is FALSE?
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Fixed point from which all bones and evidence can be measured
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A datum is a
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A field map does not need to convey the relationship of human remains to other evidence and landmarks within the scene.
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Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about forensic archaeological mapping:
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Random search
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Which of these is NOT a type of search technique?
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Show the locations of bones and other evidence
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Maps of a crime scene:
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Maceration Case labeling Biological profile (e.g., age)
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The processing form contains the following tasks:
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Discuss openly with the analyst any differences of opinion
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When conducting a peer review, the peer reviewer should
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Cleaning the bone of all soft tissue
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The process of maceration includes
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That begins with field recovery and follows all the way through until release of remains
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Quality assurance is a process:
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They prevent damage to the remains
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In the cleaning of remains, plastic tools are used because:
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Recovery
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The four topics covered in this module include all of the following EXCEPT:
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Standard Operating Procedures
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SOP stands for
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Histology
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Which of the following is NOT a subsection of the CAPHIL SOP?
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Inventory Photography and Radiography Biological Profile estimation
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Skeletal analysis at the CAPHIL includes
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Simmering water
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At the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory, the following materials are used for maceration:
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The time since death
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Forensic anthropologists may use taphonomy to aid in determining
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Livor mortis
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The settling of the blood in a body after death is known as
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Shrinkage
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Which of these is NOT representative of weathering on bone?
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Autolysis and putrefaction
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Two processes that drive the decomposition process are:
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Presence of punctures Presence of parallel striae
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Which of these can help differentiate between carnivore and rodent gnawing?
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Parallel incised bone gouges Punctures Compression Fractures
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Which of the following is evidence of shark predation/scavenging?
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Scattering remains long distances Breaking remains Ingesting remains
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Carnivores are known for
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Is the flaking of the outer (cortical) layer of bone
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Delamination
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By a medical examiner, without the help of a forensic anthropologist
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Within the first 24 hours after death, time-since-death can usually be estimated:
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A god
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An Orisha is
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Baculum Coracoid Tibiotarsus
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Which of these bones is NOT found in humans?
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Superior
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The clavicle is ____________ to the patella
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Regional
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It is important to establish __________ standards for metric methods of analysis because of population differences.
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The maxillae
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The zygomatic bones articulate (connect) with:
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Spreading calipers
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Maximum cranial length is measured with:
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Sex
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The pelvis is the best place to assess______________.
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Female
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A pelvis shows the following features: wide sciatic notches, a wide, "U-shaped" subpubic angle, and long, rectangular-shaped pubic bones. In your report, you would most likely conclude the sex of the individual is
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Sexual selection
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The type of natural selection that involves the ways in which members of one sex attract mates is known as what?
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Visual assessment Metric assessment
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The determination of sex from the skeleton is performed using what/which method
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It is very unlikely for any given female to have all expected "feminine" traits
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Gestation and lactation require a large amount of energy
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Why might a large female be at a disadvantage (as compared to a smaller female)?
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15%
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The average difference in size between male and female humans is
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Square chin Large browridges
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The male skull is characterized by
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Sharp orbital margins
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The female skull is characterized by
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Physical differences between males and females of the same species
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What is sexual dimorphism?
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Developmental
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Techniques of subadult age estimation are based on multiple _________ processes.
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Pubic symphysis
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Age estimation in subadults can be performed using all of the following indicators EXCEPT:
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Older adults
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A pubic symphysis with no ridges and furrows, rim erosion, and a pitted or porous face is typical of which age group?
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Young adult (17-23)
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A skeleton's pubic symphysis presents many furrows and ridges; the third molars are in occlusion (in use) but their roots have not fully developed; you observe that most of the epiphyses are closed or in the process of closing. In your report you are most likely to conclude the age of the individual is
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Between 10-20 years of age
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The fusion of epiphyses occurs
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Childhood
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During which life-stage is age most accurately estimated?
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Pubic symphysis morphology
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Which of the following is an age indicator for adults?
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Clavicle
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The last epiphysis to fuse is the
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Haase's rule
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The rule of thumb for estimating fetal development from crown-to-heel length measurements is known as what?
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Sixth
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Of the six major joints, the bones of the shoulder will fuse
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The intervertebral (between the vertebrae) disc spaces narrow and vertebral bodies may collapse
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Why do adults tend to decrease in stature as they get older?
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To account for normal human variation To account for errors in self-reported stature To account for measurement error
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Why is stature usually reported in terms of an interval rather than a point estimate?
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Animals will be long and lean in warm climates and stocky in cold climates
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Bergmann's and Allen's rules explicitly predict which of the following?
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It estimates stature using the summed lengths of all the bones contributing to stature, in addition to a soft tissue correction factor
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What is the Fully anatomical method of stature estimation?
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Heat conservation and distribution
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Human bodies, like those of other mammals, follow general rules of proportions dealing with
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They provide error estimates They are based on a specific sex and ancestral reference population They give a point estimate
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Regression formulae in stature estimation are important because:
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Secular change
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Americans have steadily increased in height over the last century. This is an example of
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The tibia was incorrectly measured
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Which of the following was discovered to be the major problem with the Trotter and Gleser stature estimation study?
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Linear regression methods (e.g., using FORDISC)
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Which method is most often used by the Forensic Anthropologist to determine stature from the skeleton?
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Femur
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Which of the following would be the best element to estimate stature?
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Visually assessed
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Non-metric traits are
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Asian or Native American
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A given skull has flaring zygomatics, shovel-shaped incisors, round orbits, and moderate nasal aperture width. The ancestry of this individual is likely __________________.
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Ancestry
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Which of the following terms is used by most forensic anthropologists to describe the biological population origin of an individual?
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Race is culturally and individually defined, while ancestry describes biological population origins
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What is the difference between race and ancestry?
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skull
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The _______is the best area to look when assessing ancestry.
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Clinal
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Human variation is best characterized as
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A computer program that employs discriminant function analysis
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FORDISC is
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A linear combination of the variables used
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Discriminant function analysis will classify skeletal remains based on
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More commonly within that group In every ancestral group
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Non-metric traits characterizing one ancestral group can be found
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Several disparate groups coming together in one place. A specific migration and immigration pattern
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Ancestry assessment in the United States is somewhat unique due to:
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Clinical radiologist, Forensic radiologist
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Who should the anthropologist consult for assistance with identification involving radiographs?
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Orthopedic implants
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The SMDA (safe medical devices act) deals with what types of materials?
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Biological profile
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Which of the following is a type of evidence that establishes presumptive (not positive) identification?
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Mitochondrial DNA Nuclear DNA
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What type(s) of DNA can help to make an identification?
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Postmortem damage
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Radiographic comparisons of which of the following are NOT used in an identification
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the sciatic notch
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Which of the following showed Dr. Falsetti that one of the individuals in the Anastasia film was female?
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Nuclear DNA
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Which of the following is a type of evidence that establishes positive (not presumptive) identification?
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Jewels sewn into her clothes, acting as a bullet-proof vest
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Which of the following was suspected of preventing the death of Anastasia Romanov after she was shot?
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nail polish color
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a biological factor helpful for an ID?
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Presumptive identification is based on evidence that can potentially describe more than one person, while positive identification is based on evidence that can only describe one person
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What is the difference between presumptive and positive identification?
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Whether the ancestral population of the decedent is known Whether the forensic artist has knowledge of human anatomy Whether accurate tissue depths are available
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Which of the following can affect the accuracy of facial approximations?
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Forensic artists can never perfectly reconstruct antemortem facial features, only approximate them
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Why is "forensic facial reconstruction" something of a misnomer?
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2D facial reconstruction
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In Forensic Files the artists used which of the following methods?
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Associate ancestral features
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The technique of video superimposition is NOT used to
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To generate leads from the community when other investigative techniques have failed To approximate how an individual looked in life To jog the memory of family or friends of a deceased or missing individual
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The purpose(s) of facial approximation include which of the following?
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Interior Nasal Spine
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Which of the following facial feature is used by forensic artists estimate the length of the nose?
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Thickness of fat varies from individual to individual Thickness of fat varies in different areas of the face Secular changes affect population standards for tissue depths
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Facial approximations can be criticized because
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Knowledge of human anatomy Creative and artistic talent Understanding of scientific knowledge related to the field
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Which of the following are good characteristics for a forensic artist?
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Can be used to depict facial features described in witness testimonies
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Two-dimensional facial reconstruction
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Depth needle not always placed in same position There is a lot of variation in tissue thickness between individuals Tissue thickness on cadavers is not the same as tissue thickness in living individuals
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Which of the following is NOT a problem with facial approximation?
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Can be matched with medical records to provide presumptive evidence of a decedent's identity
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Antemortem trauma
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Blunt force
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Trauma caused by an impact over a relatively large area is known as
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Radiating fractures
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Fractures that spread outward directly from the gunshot entrance wound are called:
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The assailant is trying to cover his/her crime The assailant is trying to move the body in smaller portions
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Saw marks can be found on the skeleton when
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The result of a gunshot wound
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A hertzian cone is
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Permanent wound track. Temporary cavity
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When a bullet or projectile passes through the body it creates a
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Colles
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The name of a common fracture resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand is
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It is NOT easy to determine the implement used in blunt force trauma. Blunt force trauma can result in radiating and concentric fractures
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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Commercial
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Which of the following is NOT a category of cremation artifact?
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Possible, by analyzing bone and teeth fragments
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Identification from cremains is
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Cremation exposes remains to high temperatures in a volatile environment
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Which of the following statements is true of cremation?
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Pugilistic posture
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Exposure to fire causes muscles to contract, resulting in the ________________________.
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An anthropologist is trained in osteology and can recognize small fragments among similar-colored debris
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It is important to have an anthropologist help in the recovery of charred and calcined bone because
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Decedent's last meal
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Which of the following is NOT helpful to the death investigator compiling a life history?
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Dalekanium
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Which of the following is NOT an element normally found in bone?
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A lot of time Sorting skeletal elements by size, shape, color Analysis of patterned injuries Possible differentiation of perimortem trauma from postmortem damage
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Reconstruction of burned skeletal remains involves
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Spiral
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Which of the following fracture types would you expect to see in a living individual, but not in bone that has been exposed to fire?
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White (calcined)
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Of the following colors, which represents the longest exposure to fire in bone?
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Psychological counseling for survivors
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Which of the following is NOT typically part of the processing sequence within the Disaster Portable Morgue Unit
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open
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Most cases examined by forensic anthropologists are individual victims of homicide, and therefore come from what type of population?
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Natural disasters Man-made atrocities
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Types of mass disasters and mass fatality events include
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Ground Zero was excavated like an archaeological recovery scene. Additional remains were recovered by construction workers, necessitating action Anthropologists helped with archaeological recovery and wet-screening.
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In the renewed (ca. 2007) World Trade Center disaster response:
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Most of the remains were intact versus fragmentary.
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Hurricane Katrina differed from the World Trade Center because
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Getting aid and relief to surviving victims
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What is the most important task to perform immediately following a mass disaster?
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Compared postmortem radiographs with published development standards
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How did anthropologists help in the identification of the ValuJet victims?
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The ability to identify burned and fragmented human remains
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What skill is a forensic anthropologist most likely to bring to mass disaster response that other specialists may lack?
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The Family Assistance Center
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What part of DMORT is responsible for providing information to surviving family members, collecting antemortem information for victim identification, and providing counseling to disaster survivors?
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Allocating money for surviving families
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Which of these is NOT a role of forensic anthropologists in human rights work?
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Defense POW/Missing Personnel Office Life Sciences Equipment Laboratory Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command
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The newly formed Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) integrates the following formerly separate offices:
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Geologist
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Which of these is NOT part of the typical recovery team at JPAC?
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Master's degree
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Generally, the MINIMUM educational requirement for a career in forensic anthropology is
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WWII
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The largest number of unaccounted-for personnel are from which conflict?
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Participation within a professional organization (e.g., AAFS) Getting good grades and applying to top Universities for an advanced degree Writing a broad-based Ph.D. dissertation that is applicable to physical anthropology in general, and to forensic anthropology in particular
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Which of the following would avail a student hoping to start a career as a forensic anthropologist?
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Field recovery and laboratory analysis
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The Forensic Anthropologists at JPAC have two key roles. What are they?
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Who owns the remains of human rights victims - their families, or their governments. Should we train local groups to conduct their own investigations - even if they have no official anthropological background?
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Which of the following professional and ethical questions continue to plague the anthropological investigation of human rights violations?
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American Academy of Forensic Sciences
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An overarching organization for all of the forensic sciences is
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Physical Anthropology Engineering Sciences Toxicology
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Which of the following is a section within the AAFS?