Chapter 7

pelvic girdle

sagittal

mandibular fossa and condylar process

temporal and zygomatic

pituitary gland

sphenoid (The sphenoid bone is the large bat shaped bone that spans the floor of the skull.)

Nasal. (The nasal bones are small tombstone shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose and don't contain sinuses.)

Ethmoid (The ethmoid bone forms the area of the cranium between the nasal cavity and the orbits.)

Maxillary (The maxillary bones contain the maxillary sinuses. They are the largest sinuses, located laterally to the nasal cavity in the region of the cheek.)

Nasal (The 2 tombstone shaped nasal bones are found above the nasal cavity. They form a continuous bony bridge that connects the 2 sides of the face.)

Zygomatic. (The zygomatic bones are known as the cheekbones. Together, the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone form the zygomatic arch. This region is the bony foundation of the facial prominence known as the cheek.)

Maxillary (The fused maxillary bones are known as the maxilla, and form the upper jaw and part of the palate)

The lacrimal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bones make up the medial wall of the orbit.

sagittal

The perpendicular plate is a plate like process that projects inferiorly on midline, forming the superior portion of the nasal septum.

Vomer (The vomer is a small facial bone that runs superiorly on midline to articulate with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, forming the inferior portion of the nasal septum.)

medial wall (The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity in half on midline, thereby forming the medial wall of the nasal cavity on both the right and left sides.)

2. composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer.

Posterior surface and base of the cranium

foramen magnum

Occipital condyles (found on the inferior surface of the skull on either side of foramen magnum. They articulate with the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. This articulation allows us to flex and extend the skull in a nodding "yes" motion.)

Lamboid

floor of the skull

sella turcica (a central depression that houses the pituitary gland)

lesser wings (The optic canals are passageways found in the lesser wings. They serve as a passageway for the optic nerve running from the eyeball to the optic chiasma.)

Foramen rotundum ( The foramen rotundum and the foramen ovale serve as passageways for branches of the trigeminal nerve.)

True. The sphenoid bone contains the paired sphenoidal sinuses.

assist in respiration and olfaction

intervertebral foramina

atlas (The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.)

axis ( C2 is known as the axis. It has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".)

Occipital bone - atlas (The padlike occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the plate like superior articular processes of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint. The articular surfaces permit nodding of the head in a "yes" motion (flexion and extension).)

atlas - axis (The prominent projection known as dens on the axis forms a pivot joint with the atlas, allowing the atlas to rotate around the axis. The axis is a very sensible name for C2 since it serves as a central axis for rotation of the atlas.)

Occipital condyles (found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint)

rib

seven

Body (The disk shaped bodies of vertebrae are stable and stackable. Most weight is distributed in this region.)

Spinous process (extends posteriorly in a median plane. It serves as a site of muscle and ligament attachment.)

Inferior articular processes (contact the superior articular process of the vertebra below it, forming a moveable synovial joint.)

Intervertebral discs (located in between the vertebral bodies. They form a symphysis with the bodies and act as a shock absorber.)

Transverse process (project laterally from the junction of the lamina and pedicle.)

transverse costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae

False

clavicles and scapulae only

distally at the acromion

Greater tubercle (adjacent to the head of the humerus. It is the insertion site for some of the rotator cuff muscles)

Olecranon fossa (the large depression at the distal end of the humerus. The olecranon fossa of the humerus together with the olecranon process of the ulna permit full extension of the forearm.)

trochlea (The trochlear notch of the ulna swings around the trochlea of the humerus forming the hinge joint of the elbow.)

Lateral epicondyle (on the lateral distal surface of the bone. It serves as a site of muscle attachment.)

head (The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapulae to form the shoulder joint.)

appendicular (The appendicular skeleton consists of all of the bones that make up the arm, hand, leg, and foot.)

pollex

8.

lateral (The radius runs parallel to the ulna on the lateral surface of the forearm)

Head

Styloid process (of the radius is a pointed elongation of the epiphysis at the distal end of the bone. It articulates with the carpals at the wrist.)

1. The radius runs parallel to the ulna on the same side as the thumb (digit 1)

Pivot. (The head of the radius pivots around the ulna at the radial notch, allowing supination and pronation of the forearm.)

Supination and pronation

Distal. (The ulna is a bone in the forearm which is distal to the humerus in the upper arm. The humerus makes up the upper arm.)

Trochlear notch

Found at the distal end of the bone. (The head of a bone is typically found at the proximal end. The head of the ulna is at the distal end of the bone near the wrist.)

Styloid process

Olecranon process (When the forearm is in full extension the olecranon process of the ulna fits snuggly into the olecranon fossa of the humerus.)

acetabulum

3 (In childhood, the hip bone consists of 3 separate bones. The bones fuse together to become the adult hip bone.)

Ilium (The ilium is the largest region of this bone. It articulates with the sacrum at the auricular surface.)

Ischial tuberosity (The ischial tuberosity is the thickened inferior surface of the ischium. When we sit our weight is distributed to the chair through the ischial tuberosities.)

Right and left pubic bodies

Ilium

Acetabulum ( the socket for the femur. It is formed by a fusion of all 3 regions that make up the hip bone.)

Obturator foramen (the large circular hole in the hip bone. A few blood vessels and nerves pass through the part of the obturator foramen that isn't sealed off by a fibrous membrane.)

Iliac crest (forms the large flaring superior border of the ilium that ends at the anterior superior iliac spine in the front of the hip bone and the posterior superior iliac spine in the back.)

Sacral region

femur

anterior superior iliac spines

the ischial spine.

the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage.

a landmark, part of the femur connecting to the hip bone

the heel bone of the human foot. achilles tendon attaches to this

Seven. Lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, talus, calcaneus

malleolus of the fibula

an open, circular shaped pelvic inlet with an enlarged pelvic outlet