which of the following statements about anthropology are false
answer
anthropologists do not believe that culture exists and anthropologists strive to understand ultimate truths about humanity
question
graduate analysts at the CA pound human Identification laboratory are commonly cross trained in
answer
archeology
question
biological anthropology
answer
- can also be referred to as physical anthropology
- played an unfortunate role in the development of early racial typographies
- is interested in the full extent of human variability
- has its earliest origins in the 15th century age of discovery
question
the application of the principles of biological anthropology to mediolegal issues is
answer
forensic anthropology
question
which of these is not a primary subspecialty of anthropology
answer
forensic anthropology
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who is the "father of anthropology"
answer
thomas dwight
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The american board of forensic anthropology ABFA
answer
certifies forensic anthropologists and sets of professional standards
question
the facility that opened at the university of Tennessee in 1980
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was overseen by dr. William "bill" bass and is devoted to the study of human decomposition
within the mediolegal system the roles of a forensic anthropologist could include
answer
aiding in the recovery of human remains
and
analyzing traumatic injuries to bone
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which one of these is a cause of death
answer
gunshot wound to the head
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the coroner is responsible for
answer
- notifying kin
- signing the death certificate
- collecting the belongings
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why would a state have a coroner system instead of the medical examiner system
answer
there may not be enough violent crime to have a full time medical pathologist
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which of the following experts consult with medical examiners on forensic cases
answer
- law enforcement
- anthropologists
- odontologists
- DNA specialists
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A medical death investigator
answer
acts as a liason between the medical examiner and the family
question
which of these is a manner of death
answer
homicide
question
forensic refers to
answer
scientific work related to the legal system in criminal and civil cases
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which of these is NOT a main objective of the forensic anthropologist
answer
determine cause of death
question
which of the following statements is false concerning forensic pathologists
answer
forensic pathologists are always elected officials
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why is screening an important part of the recovery of human remains
answer
it allows us to collect small bones that may have been missed
question
the relationship among items of evidence and between the greater crime scene and the world at large is referred to as
answer
context
question
which of the following is the definition of in situ
answer
in places, as found
question
why is a grid system often used in field recoveries
answer
- when site is visualized as a grid, its easy to keep track of where evidence came from
- each square of the grid can be carefully excavated independently of the others
- grid systems tie in well with datum points
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a datum is a
answer
fixed point from which all bones and evidence can be measured
question
which of these is not a type of search technique
answer
random search
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all maps should have
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- scale
- datum
- north arrow
question
locating a clandestine burial can be done using
answer
- ground penetrating radar
- the observation of vegetation changes
- cadaver dogs
- field-searching in a line
question
maps of a crime scene
answer
show the locations of bones and other evidence
question
which of the following is not and accurate statement about forensic archeological mapping
answer
a field map does not need to convey the relationship of human remains to other evidence and landmarks within the scene
question
in report writing
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everything that appears in the report should appear in the notes
question
the four topics covered in this module include all of the following except
answer
recovery
question
quality assurance is a process
answer
that begins with field recovery and follows all the way through until release of remains
question
In the cleaning of remains, plastic tools are used because
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the prevent damage to the remains
question
accession
answer
is all about controlling the evidence
question
the processing form contains the following tasks
answer
case labeling
biological profile
maceration
question
taphonomy and trauma forms are examples of
answer
open forms because there are no specified methods on the form itself
question
what types of data are recorded on a 'condition of remains' form
answer
- whether or not the remains are skeletonized
-presence/absence of insect activity
question
a portion of the guiding principle of quality assurance states
answer
write what you do, do what you write
question
why do forensic anthropologist do peer reviews
answer
as a means of quality assurance to double check analyses and reports
question
T/F shark predation of human remains is more common than shark scavenging of remains
answer
false
question
bone that appears greenish in color can result from
is the flaking of the outer (cortical) layer of bone
question
within the first 24 hours after death, time since death can usually be estimated
answer
by a medical examiner without the help of a forensic anthropologist
question
the settling of the blood in a body after death is known as
answer
livor mortis
question
the key difference between santeria and palo mayombe is
answer
palo mayombe uses human remains in its rituals
question
Locards exchange principle states that
answer
every contact leaves a trace
question
forensic anthropologists may use taphonomy to aid in determining
answer
the time since death
question
two processes that drive the decomposition process are
answer
autolysis and putrefaction
question
metric approaches rely on
answer
standardized measurements
question
the sternum is __________ to the vertebrae
answer
anterior
question
the sagittal suture lies in the
answer
skull midline
question
the mandible is _____________ to the cranium
answer
inferior
question
which of these bones is not found in humans
answer
all of the above
question
the two types of bone formation are
answer
intramembranous and endochondral
question
the fibula is ________________ to the tibia
answer
lateral
question
which of the following statements is true
answer
it is very unlikely for any given female to have all expected "feminine" traits
question
a pelvis shows the following feature: wide sciatic notches, a wide, "u-shaped" subpubic angle, and long, rectangular-shaped pubic bones. In your report, you would most likely conclude the sex of the individual is
answer
female
question
why might a large female be at a disadvantage as compared to a smaller female
answer
gestation and lactation require a lot of energy
question
which of the following traits is most commonly observed in females
answer
vertical forehead
question
the male skull is characterized by
answer
a square chin and large browridges
question
The pelvis is the best place to assess
answer
sex
question
how do forensic anthropologists use the postcranial skeleton to assess sex
answer
- using metric measurements of articular surfaces
- observing the morphology of rib-end cartilage
- observing the morphology of the pelvis
question
the determination of sex from the skeleton is performed using what/which method
answer
visual assessment and metric assessment
question
why do human females have such a difficult time giving birth compared to other animals
answer
humans are born with large brains, but human mother have narrow hip compared to quadrupeds species
question
sex assessment of the human skeleton is based on the presence of
answer
sexual dimorphism
question
The fusion of epiphyses occurs
answer
between 10-20 year of age
question
the rule of thumb for estimating fetal development from crow to heel length measurements is known as what
answer
haase's rule
question
which of the following statements is true
answer
age estimation is more precise for younger individuals
question
which of the following is not one of the aspects of age estimation
answer
craniometry
question
which of the following is an age indicator for adults
answer
pubic symphysis morphology
question
you can age a ______________ but you cant sex him/her; you can sex a __________________ but you cant age him/her
answer
child; adult
question
the fontanelle is
answer
the soft spot in the head of an infant
question
techniques of subadult age estimation are based on multiple ______________ processes
answer
developmental
question
which of the following methods would give the most accurate and precise age estimate in subadult remains
answer
dental development
question
the measurement of long bone lengths is an appropriate method of age estimation for
answer
fetal period through late childhood
question
by how much can cadaver stature vary from living stature in a given individual
answer
2 inches
question
according to Ousley 1995, forensic stature estimation is less _____________ than trotter and gleser stature estimation but more ________________ for modern forensic cases
answer
precise;accurate
question
for males, self reported stature is usually ___________ actual living stature
answer
higher than
question
human bodies, like those of other mammals, follow general rules of proportions dealing with
answer
heat conservation and distribution
question
a problem with the fully method of stature estimation is
answer
the need for all bones contributing to height
question
which of the following is not part of bergmann's rule
answer
longer limb length are predicted in hot climates
question
long bone measurements are recorded using what piece of equipment
answer
osteometric board
question
which of the following is false concerning the importance of regional standards
answer
the ratio between limb length and stature is consistent throughout human populations
question
which of the following would be the best element tp estimate stature
answer
femur
question
why do adults tend to decrease in stature as they get older
answer
the intervertebral disc spaces narrow and vertebral bodies may collapse
question
according to sauer 1992 the goal of the forensic anthropologist is to determine ancestry through use of _______________ categories
answer
none of the above - sauer thinks its irrelevant which categories are used
question
nonmetric traits are
answer
visually assessed
question
which continent has the greatest human genetic diversity
answer
africa
question
the ___________ is the best area to look when assessing ancestry
answer
skull
question
early ideas about race in humans
answer
- included groups based on different behavioral norms and personalities
- included discrete and easily defined groups
- provided the basis for scientific racism
question
which of the following statements is true of populations
answer
physical traits vary along a global cline/gradient
question
what is the difference between race and ancestry
answer
race is culturally and individually defined, while ancestry describes biological population origins
question
ancestry assessment in the united states is somewhat unique due to
answer
several disparate groups groups coming together in one place
and a specific migration and immigration pattern
question
human variation is best characterized as
answer
clinal
question
FORDISC analysis is invalid when
answer
the individual is unlikely to belong to one of the FORDISC reference populations
question
which of the following forms highly unique patterns in the cranium that can only be seen radiographically
answer
frontal sinus
question
In radiographic comparisons, it is important to remember
answer
the passage of time between antemortem and postmortem films
question
radiographic comparisons of which of the following are not used in identification
answer
postmortem damage
question
which of the following is a type of evidence that establishes positive (not presumptive) identification
answer
nuclear DNA
question
which of the following trauma was inflicted on the two romanov children buried separately
answer
- grenade
- fire
- acid
question
which of the following is not an example of a biological factor helpful for an ID
answer
nailpolish color
question
radiographic comparison can be conducted using all of the following except
answer
all of the above can be compared radiographically
question
what is a reason for the identification of the dead
answer
- prosecution of offenders
- emotional peace
- probate and other social institutions
question
what did the DNA analysis of the purported romanov remains remonstrate
answer
alexi and one of his sisters was present in the grave excavated in 2007
question
what types of DNA can help to make an identification
answer
mitochondrial DNA nuclear DNA
question
The artistic reproduction of the soft tissue feature of an individual is called
answer
facial reproduction and facial approximation
question
what is the most accurate way to collect facial soft tissue depth data
answer
ultrasound on living upright individuals
question
the purposes of facial approximation include which of the following
answer
- to generate leads from the community when other investigative techniques have failed
- to approximate how an individual looked in real life
- to jog the memory of family or friends of a deceased or missing individual
question
computer programs used in video superimposition allow the analyst to
answer
- improve sharpness, contrast, and detail of antemortem photograph
- minimize scaling problems
- correct for changes in pitch and rotation of the skull
- quantitatively evaluate the fit
question
two dimensional facial reconstruction
answer
can be used to depict facial features describe in witness testimonies
question
to create a facial reconstruction the forensic artist needs to know which of the following
answer
biological profile information
question
according to the artist in the forensic file video which part of the body was the hardest to approximate
answer
nose and ears
question
which of the following features is least likely to be estimated by a forensic anthropologists and can only be added to a facial approximation if circumstantial evidence for it exists
answer
adornments
question
to line up images in a video or photo superimposition, which of the following are used
answer
osteometric landmarks
question
which of the following is not a problem with facial approximation
answer
all of the above are problem
question
when a bullet or a projectile passes through the body it creates a
answer
temporary cavity and permanent wound track
question
characteristics of antemortem trauma may include
answer
evidence of surgical intervention and fracture margins different in color than surrounding bone
question
which of the following is a force that can result in trauma
answer
compression, torsion, tension
question
which of the following is true concerning plastic deformation
answer
it is the result of slow loading forces
question
an oblique fracture would most likely occur in which situation
answer
taking a blow from a baseball bat to the humerus
question
broken hyoid bone is usually the result of
answer
strangulation
question
a hertzian cone is
answer
the result of a gunshot wound
question
internal beveling in bone is indicative of which type of gunshot wound
answer
entrance
question
sharp trauma force
answer
is v-shaped in cross section
question
of the following colors, which represents the longest exposure to fire in bone
answer
white
question
which of the following fractures are typical of heat damage
answer
cup shaped traverse
question
which of the following is not a category of cremation artifact
answer
commercial
question
reconstruction of burned skeletal remains involves
answer
all of the above
question
the crucial first step in the investigation of fire related deaths is
answer
recovery of the remains
question
which of the following is not an element normally found in bone
answer
dalekanium
question
it is important to have an anthropologist help in the recovery of charred and calcined bone because
answer
an anthropologist is trained in osteology and can recognize small fragments among similar colored debris
question
exposure to fire causes muscles to contract resulting in the
answer
pugilistic posture
question
which of the following is not helpful to the death investigator compiling a life history
answer
decedents last meal
question
Identification from cremains is
answer
possible, by analyzing bone and teeth fragments
question
mass fatality incidents differ from normal case work because
answer
they usually entail remains from a 'closed' population
question
which of the following is not typically part of the processing sequence within the disaster portable morgue unit
answer
psychological counseling for survivors
question
types of mass disasters and mass fatality events include
answer
natural disasters and man made atrocities
question
What is DMORT
answer
a multidisciplinary disaster response team specializing in the recovery and identification of human remains
question
the world trade center identification process involved
answer
a policy of DNA testing for all remains
question
the following question is useful is planning for a response to a mass disaster
answer
all of the above
question
which of the following statements is true of mass disasters response involving man made disasters
answer
in addition to providing evidence of personal identification anthropological analysis may supplement other evidence relating to a criminal investigation
question
which of these is not a goal of initial response efforts to a mass fatality incident
answer
criminal investigation
question
most cases examined by forensic anthropologists are individual victims of homicide and therefore come from what type of population
answer
open
question
what part of DMORT is responsible for providing information to surviving family member, collecting antemortem information for victim identification and providing counseling to disaster survivors
answer
the family assistance center
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