ANT3520 Final Exam

25 July 2022
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Forensic anthropology is
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- A field that involves both anthropology and forensic studies. - A subdiscipline of biological anthropology.
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Modern forensic anthropology has its roots in
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Anatomy Medical science Biological anthropology Taphonomic studies
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What is the major problem with the Hamann-Tood and Terry Skeletal Collections?
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They are not representative of the entire historic U.S. population
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The facility that opened at the University of Tennessee in 1980:
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-Was overseen by Dr. William "Bill" Bas -Is devoted to the study of human decomposition
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Which of these is not a seminal, early forensic anthropologist?
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Kathy Reichs
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Which of these cases would a forensic anthropologist analyze?
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Burned case Airplane crash Cremation
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The Parkman murder case is important because
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It is one of the first cases that uses forensic anthropological techniques
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Which of the following is NOT one of the subspecialties of biological anthropology?
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Archaeology
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Who is the "Father of Forensic Anthropology"?
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Thomas Dwight
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Match the historical era to the correct years:
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1849-1938: Formative Period 1939-1971: Consolidation Period 1972-1999: Modern Period 2000-Present: New Millenium
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Which of the following experts consult with medical examiners on forensic cases?
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Law Enforcement Anthropologists Odontologists DNA Specialist
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The coroner system as we know it originated in:
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England
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Medical Examiners:
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Are licensed physicians
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One Saturday night after a Gator's football game, George walks into The Salty Dog Saloon and gets into an altercation with Steve, an inebriated student. Steve hits George over the head with a barstool and they are both kicked out of the bar. George seems to be fine but two months later goes into the emergency room for intense pain in his head. He has internal bleeding in his skull. He dies two hours later.
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The manner of the death is homicide.
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The coroner is responsible for:
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Notifying kin Signing the death certificate Collecting the evidence
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"Forensic" refers to:
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Scientific work relate to the legal system in criminal and civil cases
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When remains are found, fleshed or skeletonized, the discoverer should:
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Call the police and leave them alone.
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The two types of autopsies that can be conducted are:
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Clinical and forensic
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Why would a state have a coroner system instead of the Medical Examiner system?
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There may not be enough violent crime to have a full-time medical pathologist.
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Which of these is a cause of death?
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Gunshot wound to the head.
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Why is a grid system often used in field recoveries?
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All of the above
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Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about forensic archaeological mapping?
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A field map does not need to convey the relationship of human remains to other evidence and landmarks within the scene.
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Archaeological provenience is:
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The location where a bone or other item of evidence is found within a scene
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Which of the following are invasive search methods:
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Soil probing, Digging test pits, and Digging test trenches
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In forensic recoveries, "open scenes" include all of the following EXCEPT:
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Murder within a large house
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The recovery of human remains typically involves:
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A lot of time Experience in archaeological techniques Setting up a datum and a baseline
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Why is screening an important part of the recovery of human remains?
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It allows us to collect small bones that may have been missed
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Which statement about the goals of search and recovery is FALSE?
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Remains should never be removed from the scene.
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All maps should have:
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All of the above: Scale, Datum, North arrow
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Remote sensing is a type of
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Noninvasive search technique
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Chief Medical Examiner
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Lead, board-certified forensic pathologist, appointed by the state governor in Florida and other states.
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Forensic Odontologist
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Expert who assists Medical Examiner in identification based on dental records.
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Coroner
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Elected official responsible for death investigations of individuals not under the care of a physician at time of death who is usually charged with death investigation located in rural areas and consults with a pathologist if an autopsy needs to be performed.
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Forensic Botanist
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Expert who assists Medical Examiner in the use of plant material for death investigation.
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Forensic Anthropologist
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Expert who assists Medical Examiner in recovery of human remains, assessing trauma in skeletonized or badly decomposed remains and determining the biological profile.
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Medicolegal Death Investigator
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Assists Medical Examiner in death investigation and in corresponding with Law Enforcement and family members; responsible for human remains and associated evidence.
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Forensic Entomologist
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Expert who assists Medical Examiners in the use of insects for death investigation.
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Medical Examiner
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Licensed physician with training in forensic pathology who performs autopsy, determines cause and manner of death, and issues death certificate for individuals not under the care of a physician at time of death.
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Autopsy Technician
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Assists Medical Examiner during autopsy.
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Law Enforcement Officer
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Assists Medical Examiner by collecting material evidence at the scene.
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Accession
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Is all about controlling the evidence (e.g. tracking custody)
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When conducting a peer review, the peer reviewer should
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Discuss openly with the analyst any differences of opinion
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Skeletal analysis at the CAPHIL includes
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Inventory, Photography and Radiography, Biological Profile Estimation
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The surety portion of the SOP involves all of the following proportions EXCEPT:
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Taphonomy
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Which of these would NOT be found in the case fild?
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These are all found in the case files.
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SOP stands for
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Standard Operating Procedures
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The four topics covered in this module include all of the following EXCEPT
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Recovery
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The processing form contains the following tasks
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All of the above
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In report writing,
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Everything that appears in the report should appear in the notes
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At the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory, the following materials are used for maceration
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Simmering water
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Locard's exchange principle states that
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Every contact leaves a trace
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An Orisha is
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A god
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True or False, shark predation of human remains is more common than shark scavenging of remains
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False
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After 24 hours after death, the Medical Examiner and her consultants may look at _____ to determine the time since death?
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All of the above
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The "Scavenger Guild"
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A and B: Refers to a diverse group of animals that can affect bones and Differs depening on the location where remains are deposited
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Soil staining can reveal
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All of the above
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Delamination
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Is the flaking of the outer (cortical) layer of bone
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Forensic anthropologists may use taphonomy to aid in determining
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The time since death
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Santeria and Palo Mayombe are
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A combination of Catholicism/Christianity and traditional African religions
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Which of the following is evidence of shark predation/scavenging?
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All of the above are associated with sharks
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Which of these bones is not part of the arm (upper arm, forearm, wrist, and fingers)?
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Metatarsals
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This bone is the
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Zygomatic
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The bones of the leg include
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Femur, patella, tibia, fibia
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What bone is this:
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Parietal
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Osteometry is
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The measurement of bone and skeletal materials
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This bone is the
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None of the above
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Which of these bones is NOT found in humans?
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All of the above
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The zygomatic bones articulate (connect) with
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The maxillae
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Problems or potential problems with the use of FORDISC include which of the following
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All of the above
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Which of the following is distal to the humerus?
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Radius
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Sex assessment of the human skeleton is based on the presence of
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Sexual dimorphism
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Which of the following traits is most commonly observed in females?
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Vertical forehead
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In primates, sexual selection may favor all of the following EXCEPT
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Long feathers
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Which of the following traits is most commonly observed in males?
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Large mastoid processes
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The male skull is characterized by
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Only A and B: Square chin and Large browridges
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The pelvis is the best place to assess ______.
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Sex
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Which of these is typical of a male pelvis
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Narrow subpubic angle
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Which of these is typical of a female pelvis
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Both A and C: Wide subpubic angle and Wide sciatic notch
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The female skull is characterized by
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Sharp orbital margins
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Why do human females have such a difficult time giving birth compared to other animals?
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Humans are born with large brains, but human mothers have narrow hips compared to quadrupedal species.
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Of the six major joints, the bones of the shoulder will fuse
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Sixth
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Which of the following is an age indicator for adults/
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Pubic symphysis morphology
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The fusion of epiphyses occurs
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Between 10-20 years of age
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Age estimation in adults can be performed using all of the following indicators EXCEPT
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Dental development
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The last epiphysis to fuse is the
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Clavicle
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A pubic symphysis with no ridges and furrows, rim erosion, and a pitted or porous face is typical of which age group?
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Older adults
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Which of the following is NOT one of the aspects of age estimation?
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Craniometry
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Fill in the blanks: You can age a(n) ____ but you can't sex him/her; you can sex a(n) ______ but you can't age him/her.
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Child; adult
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A problem with adult age estimation is
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All of the above
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Which of the following methods would give the most accurate and precise age estimate in subadult remains?
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Dental Development
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Why is "forensic facial reconstruction" something of a misnomer?
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Forensic artists can never perfectly reconstruct antemortem facial features, only approximate them
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Two-dimensional facial reconstruction
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Can be used to depict facial features described in witness testimonies
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To create a facial reconstruction, the forensic artist needs to know which of the following?
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Biological profile information
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Which of the following statements is true of photo/video superimposition?
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It is a presumptive and exclusionary line of evidence
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Which of the following features is least likely to be estimated by a forensic anthropologist, and can only be added to a facial approximation if circumstantial evidence for it exists?
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Adornments (e.g., glasses, piercings, etc.)
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According to the artist in the forensic file video which part of the body was hardest to approximate?
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Nose, Ears
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Which of the following is NOT a problem with facial approximation?
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All of the above ARE problems
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In Forensic Files the artists used which of the following methods?
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2D facial reconstruction
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Facial approximations can be criticized because
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All of the above; thickness of fat varies from individual to individual, thickness of fat varies in different areas of the face, secular changes affect population standards for tissue depths
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Which of the following facial features is used by forensic artists to estimate the length of the nose?
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Interior Nasal Spine
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Fractures that spread outward directly from the gunshot entrance wound are called:
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Radiating fractures
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In blunt force trauma, the termination of one fracture into another can tell you
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Sequence
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Type of saw and "teeth per inch" are ___________ characteristics of saws.
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Class
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Which of the following is TRUE concerning plastic deformation?
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It is the result of slow-loading forces
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In a gunshot wound, the EXIT is characterized by
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External beveling and larger size than entrance wound
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This is an image of a rib. What likely make the traumatic lesion visible on the superior margin?
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A knife
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When a bullet or projectile passes through the body it creates a
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Temporary cavity and Permanent wound track
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A hertzian cone is
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The result of a gunshot wound
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Sharp force trauma
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Is V-shaped in cross section
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The _______________ of gunshot wounds can provide evidence of the type of weapon used and the events leading to death.
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All of the above: location, number, and size
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Which of the following have been correlated with cremation weight?
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All of the above
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Which of the following is NOT helpful to the death investigator compiling a life history?
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Decedent's last meal
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Burn patterns on the body and in bone are largely due to the pugilistic posture and
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Differential shielding of the bone by connective tissue
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Which of the following is NOT a category of cremation artifact?
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Commercial
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Which of the following is NOT an element normally found in bone?
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Dalekanium
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Identification from cremains is
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Possible, by analyzing bone and teeth fragments
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As applied to commercial cremations, Locard's Principle tells us that
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Some degree of commingling among cases is inevitable
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Which of the following fracture types would you expect to see in a living individual, but not in bone that has been exposed to fire?
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Spiral
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Which of the following fractures are typical of heat damage?
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Cup-shaped transverse
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During the burning process, the first color bone turns is:
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Dark brown-black (charred)
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Hurricane Katrina differed from the World Trade Center because
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Most of the remains were intact versus fragmentary.
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Types of mass disasters and mass fatality events include
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Natural disasters and man-made atrocities
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Which of the following statements is true of mass disaster response?
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They often involve the use of multi-disciplinary teams
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In the renewed (ca. 2007) World Trade Center disaster response,
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All of the above
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Which of the following statements is true of mass disaster response involving man-made disasters?
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In addition to providing evidence of personal identification, anthropological analysis may supplement other evidence relating to a criminal investigation.
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The following question is useful in planning for a response to a mass disaster
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All of the above
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In a mass fatality incident, the job of the forensic anthropologist is to
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Aid in identifying individuals
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Anthropologists were vital after the 9/11 attacks because they
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Provided expertise in fragmentary remains
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Most cases examined by forensic anthropologists are individual victims of homicide, and therefore come from what type of population?
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Open
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"Commingled" describes remains that are
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From greater than one individual but found in association
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The process of military identifications involves three stages. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
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Repatriation
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The newly formed Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) integrates the following formerly separate offices:
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Defense POW/Missing Personnel Office Life Sciences Equipment Laboratory Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command
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Generally, the MINIMUM educational requirements for a career in forensic anthropology is
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Master's Degree
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Which of these is NOT a role of forensic anthropologists in human rights work?
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Allocating money for surviving families
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A question an anthropologist might help to answer during a human rights investigation is
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All of the above (?)
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Of those Americans missing from past conflicts, most of the losses occurred in
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Asia-Pacific
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All of the following are RECENT improvements to human rights missions EXCEPT
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Inclusion of specialized ordnance detection and removal teams
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Which of the following is a section within the AAFS?
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All of the above
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Which of the following would avail a student hoping to start a career as a forensic anthropologist?
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All of the above
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Which of the following professional and ethical questions continue to plague the anthropological investigation of human rights violations?
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A and C Who owns the remains of human rights victims - their families, or their governments? Should we train local groups to conduct their own investigations - even if they have no official anthropological background?