ANATOMY TEST #4

Red bone marrow in an adult is confined to

In an adult, which of the following is a bone that does not contain red bone marrow? Sternum Skull Rib Vertebra Radius

Osteogenesis imperfecta is due to the deficiency of __________ in the matrix, which makes the bones extremely brittle.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is due to a defect in collagen deposition that renders bones exceptionally brittle, resulting in _________???present at birth or occurring with extraordinary frequency during childhood.

What condition also causes tooth deformity and hearing loss due to deformity of middle-ear bones?

Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?

What does Mineralization do?

Tendons connect _____ to _______?

Ligaments connect ______ to ______.

Tendons are similar to ligaments, however, tendons connect muscles to bones.

What age group do Greenstick fractures most commonly occur and why?

Why do Greenstick fractures occur more in children?

As a child grows, what happens to the level of calcium deposited in the bones?

What role does collagen play in children?

What kind of fracture is one which the bone is broken into three 3 + or MORE pieces?

What kind of fracture is an INCOMPLETE break?

What happens in non-displaced fracture?

Is a non-displaced fracture anatomically aligned?

Is a displaced fracture anatomically aligned?

What does appositional growth do to the strength of the bone?

Is having a deficit in appositional growth life-threatening?

The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification?

The stable reserve of calcium is stored in the form of _______________which takes time for the osteoclasts to break it down via HCl.

To help regulate body calcium levels, bone has two reserves. The disadvantage of the stable reserve is that it _________

Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure?

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Which bone cells produce the soft organic bone matrix?

Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?

What does Interstitial growth do to bone?

What contains hydrogen pumps that lead to the formation of hydrochloric acid HCl?

Osteoclasts contain hydrogen pumps--->chew up bone help form HYDROCHOLORIC ACID (HCl) , which is used for DISSOLVE BONE MATERIALS in a process called???

What does Mineral Deposition do?

What does Mineral Reabsorption do?

What is the osseous tissue matrix composed of?

Bone is considered an

What tissues are used to help form the bone organ?

How does the skeletal system help to maintain acid-base pH balance?

What two salts act as buffers to changes in pH?

What gives bone its flexibility?

If there was no collagen, the bone would become extremely _______?

Which bones cells tear down the bone?

What bone cells help maintain bone?

What types of cells produce collagen?

Which cells that actually build bone.

During the healing of a bone fracture, what bone cell produces a HARD CALLUS?

What is osseous tissue?

Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?

How does Calicitonin hormone work?

What is osteomalacia?

Injury to the Tendons = what system?

A ruptured calcaneal - Achilles Tendon would NOT involve damage to which system?

**Where are CENTRAL CANALS found?

Central canal is also called?

Are central canals found in spongy bone?

Central canals are not necessary in spongy bone because of the close_____ of the marrow.

What are the ONLY 2 main components of OSSEOUS BONE TISSUE?

Which of the following would directly affect osseous tissue?

What is the calcium-phosphate salt deposited within bone called?

Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification?

Yellow marrow is formed by what tissue?

In an adult, a compound fracture of the __________ could lead to a "fat" embolism entering the blood stream.

The Cranium and Mandible make up your

CLAVICLE = your

Scapula

HUMERUS =

RADIUS =

Ulna

CARPALS

METACARPALS=

Phalanges (=plural: phalanx = singular)

Sternum

Ribs

pelvis

FEMUR

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Veterbrae

During fracture healing, cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following?

Bones in the legs, arms, spine and pelvis grow at what rates?

Which of the following is not considered a weight bearing activity?

Trusses and arches, which help form an internal scaffolding network, are found in what kind of bone?

At which of the following ages would calcium loss from bone be more than calcium deposits into bone, even when a high calcium diet is eaten?

A 50 year old woman is likely to be postmenopausal. Therefore, she is no longer secreting_______which protected her from bone loss.

Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bones?

What mineral forms the majority of bone matrix?

***What is the inorganic component of bone?

****What are the 4 Main types of bones?

Can long bones be very small?

In Long Bones, the Length of the Bone is _____than the width of the bone.

Long bones have what kind of shape?

What type of Bones serve as Levers for Body Movements?

What type of Bone is the FEMUR?

What type of bone does the length and width propotions greatly differ?

What type of bone are Length and Width Similar in Proportion?

SCAPHOID is an example of what type of bone?

What type of bone allows SMALL degrees of motion, usually in 2 degrees of freedom?

What type of bones develop by intramembrane ossification?

Sacrum

What type of ossfication produces most other bones like veterbrae, ribs, scapulae, pelvic bones, limb bones and some parts of the skull?

What is a method in which mesenchyme first transforms into a hyaline cartilage "model" in the approximate shape of the bone to come?

What type of ossification is cartilage is then broken down and replaced by osseous tissue?