Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 7 Homework

A cleft palate arises when the right and left _____________ bones fail to fuse medially during fetal development. maxillae mandibles inferior nasal conchae middle nasal conchae

Dysplasia of the hip may occur due to congenital malformation of the __________. femur sacrum coccyx pubis

What structures develop as a result of gravity acting on the skeleton after birth? the arches the secondary curvatures the primary curvatures the fontanelles

Since mastoid infections may spread to the brain, surgical removal of the mastoid process was once considered to be the best way to prevent brain inflammation. Unfortunately, this also had the side-effect of causing ____________. deafness in the adjacent ear impaired head and neck movements difficulties in maintaining body balance swallowing problems

Fetal vertebrae develop through endochondral ossification from a preexisting __________ model. Fracture repair of these same bones involves the formation of __________ callus. dense regular connective tissue; a hyaline cartilage areolar connective tissue; an elastic cartilage dense irregular connective tissue; a fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage; a fibrocartilage

Which of the following is the only bone that normally moves in relation to the others? FIGURE 7 A B C D

Which of the designated bones articulates with both the vomer and the nasal bones? FIGURE 7 A B C D

Which of the following pairings of letter to bone is INCORRECT? FIGURE 7 A; parietal B; zygomatic C; maxillary D; mandibular

Name the foramen at letter C. FIGURE 8 foramen lacerum jugular foramen foramen magnum foramen ovale

Which of the following bones are indicated by letters A, B, and D (in order)? FIGURE 8 maxilla, temporal, and occipital maxilla, zygomatic, and occipital vomer, parietal, and sphenoid maxilla, occipital, and sphenoid

Identify the bone(s) that form(s) the majority of the hard palate and a keystone bone of the face. FIGURE 8 A B C D

Name the highlighted bone(s). FIGURE 9 zygomatic bones mandible, or mandibular bone maxillary bones, or maxillae temporal bones

The highlighted bone articulates with which other bone(s) of the skull? FIGURE 9 zygomatic bones ethmoid bone temporal bone maxillary bones, or maxillae

Which of these important processes is found on the highlighted bone? FIGURE 9 coronoid process coracoid process mastoid process zygomatic process

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parietal bones? The four largest sutures occur where the parietal bones join to other bones. They form the bulk of the cranial vault. They form the base of the skull. They are paired.

Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones? the sphenoid the frontal bone the maxilla the occipital bone

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit? the maxilla the frontal bone the zygomatic bone the temporal bone

Which of the following bones do NOT contain a paired paranasal sinus? the frontal bones the ethmoid bones the sphenoid bones the zygomatic bones

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? the zygomatic bone the vomer bone the nasal bone the sphenoid bone the maxilla

Most facial bones articulate with the __________. maxillary bones mandible nasal bones vomer

The vomer and ethmoid bones form part of the __________. lateral walls of the nasal cavity orbits lacrimal fossa nasal septum

Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton? bones of the face bones of the lower limbs bones of the pelvic girdle bones of the pectoral girdles

Which bone or pair of bones forms the superior portion of the cranium? the frontal bone the temporal bones the parietal bones the occipital bone

The __________ is the only bone in the body that does NOT directly articulate with any other bone. vomer clavicle temporal bone hyoid bone

During late pregnancy, women may exhibit temporary lordosis. This is advantageous because temporary lordosis _________. makes it easier for a woman to sit down with less muscular effort makes it easier for a woman to stand up with less muscular effort makes it easier for a woman to maintain her balance makes it easier for a woman to give birth while lying on her back

If a herniated disc in the lumbar region is treated by surgically removing the intervertebral disc and doing a bone graft between the adjoining vertebrae, one of the consequences might be _________. reduced flexibility of the spine in the lower back gradual growth of a replacement intervertebral disc in the space between the vertebrae increased shock absorbance qualities in the intervertebral discs located immediately above and below the graft in order to compensate for the removal of the herniated disc All of the listed responses are correct.

Which letter represents the cervical curvature? FIGURE 10 A B C D

Which of these curvatures on the spine are NOT present at birth but develop later? FIGURE 10 A and B A and C B and C B and D

Pregnant women may experience an exaggerated lordosis, or swayback. Which curvature is affected during pregnancy? FIGURE 10 A B C D

What part of this vertebra is indicated by the letter B? FIGURE 11 spinous process transverse process body pedicle

Name the bone feature identified by the letter D. FIGURE 11 vertebral foramen foramen magnum intervertebral foramen transverse foramen

To what region of the vertebral column does this vertebra belong? FIGURE 11 sacral lumbar thoracic cervical

Which of the following structures is common only to the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar vertebrae? transverse processes rib facets spinous processes pedicles superior articulating surfaces

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? lumbar vertebrae; short, flat spinous processes lumbar vertebrae; bifid spinous processes cervical vertebrae; rib facets thoracic vertebrae; triangular vertebral foramen thoracic vertebrae; transverse foramen

How many lumbar vertebrae are there in a typical adult skeleton? 4 5 7 12

Which of the following is correctly matched? kyphosis; accentuated lumbar curvature lordosis; rupture of the anulus fibrosus scoliosis; abnormal lateral curvature herniated disc; dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature

Which vertebrae would you expect to have the largest body, relative to the other regions? lumbar cervical thoracic sacral

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________. only the sternal body is compressed while the other two regions of the sternum are not moved at all during the procedure there is little risk of physically damaging the heart the xiphoid process is allowed to continue protecting the underlying stomach the xiphoid process is permitted to help the lungs inflate with air

Why is the rib at B considered a true rib? FIGURE 12 It possesses a costal groove. It is capable of movement during the action of breathing. It encloses the thoracic cavity and protects the vital organs within. It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via its own costal cartilage.

What is the most specific term you could apply to the rib at D? FIGURE 12 false rib true rib floating rib

What portion of the sternum is identified by the letter A? FIGURE 12 xiphoid process manubrium body sternal angle

Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones? the true ribs the vertebrae the sternum the clavicle

Each of the 12 ribs articulates with one vertebrae. Is this statement true or false? True False

Which of the following is a bony articulation for the scapula? the acromion the suprascapular notch the coracoid process subscapular fossa

Because of its large bony connection to the thoracic bones, the pectoral girdle is very stable. Is this statement true or false? True False

Which of the following bones is NOT part of pectoral girdle? the clavicle the scapula the humerus

Since a Colles' fracture can occur when a falling person attempts to break the fall with outstretched hands, an X ray will typically show that, at the site of the fracture, the hand is displaced in a ____________ direction. lateral medial dorsal ventral

People who work at computer keyboards all day repeatedly flex their wrists and fingers and therefore become susceptible to carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition in which inflammation of tissue causes tingling and pain. Which one of the following treatments will be least likely to reduce the pain? local injection of an anti-inflammatory medication squeezing tennis balls in both hands in order to strengthen the wrist and finger muscles wearing wrist splints to immobilize the wrists surgery to relieve the pressure on the nerve that transmits the pain signals

Which of the following features of the humerus is NOT designated by a letter label? FIGURE 13 medial epicondyle greater tubercle trochlea capitulum

The feature at letter C articulates with which bone? FIGURE 13 radius ulna clavicle scapula

What part of this bone articulates with the ulna? FIGURE 13 A B C D

Which of the following is a bone marking of the humerus? radial tuberosity radial notch styloid process deltoid tuberosity

Which of the following statements is true? The scapula marks the origin of the appendicular skeleton. The radius is the lateral bone in the forearm. The humerus is the most proximal bone in the upper appendicular skeleton. The phalanges in the thumb are the most medial bones in the hand.

Which forearm bone(s) contribute(s) most heavily to the elbow joint? the carpal bones the humerus the radius the ulna

When you hit your elbow and say that you hit your "funny bone," you have actually hit a nerve that runs across the bone surface. Over which bone can this nerve be found? pisiform radius humerus ulna

What feature is indicated by the letter A? FIGURE 14 ischial tuberosity pubic ramus auricular surface iliac fossa

Only one component bone of the right coxal bone articulates with this same bone component on the other side of the body. Which of the following bone components fits this description? FIGURE 14 ischium ilium pubis

On which bone is the greater sciatic notch located? FIGURE 14 A B C

Why would the male pelvis exhibit more prominent (pronounced) bone markings than the female pelvis? more dietary calcium larger leg muscles longer gait (stride) taller physical stature

During pregnancy and delivery, a hormone called relaxin is secreted to "relax" (soften) the pelvic ligaments and cervix. What pelvic girdle region would be a good target for this hormone to help open up the anterior pelvis during the birthing process? pubis ischium sacrum ilium

Which of the following statements is FALSE? The pubic arch is broader in the pelvis of a female than in the pelvis of a male. The pelvic outlet is narrower in a female than in a male. The female pelvis is thinner than that of a male. The female pelvis is tilted further forward than the male pelvis.

How are the male and female pelvises different? The female pelvis has thicker bones with more prominent bone markings. The acetabula are larger and closer together in the female. The pelvic inlet is heart-shaped in the male. The male pelvis is usually wider, shallower, and lighter.

A Pott's fracture could result in damage to all of the following except ____________. lateral malleolus fibular notch inferior tibiofibular joint tibial condyle

Which of the following persons is the least likely to develop "flat feet" as an adult? an Olympic sprinter an Olympic marathon runner a soldier assigned to prolonged guard duty an Olympic weight-lifter

Which letter represents the lateral epicondyle? FIGURE 15 A B C D

What part of the femur articulates with the patella? FIGURE 15 A B C D

What is the bone feature at A? FIGURE 15 greater trochanter fovea capitis lesser trochanter linea aspera

Identify the group of bones known as the phalanges. FIGURE 16 A B C D

Which of these bones aligns with the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms to form the four distal tarsals? FIGURE 16 talus cuboid navicular calcaneus

Which of the following areas/bones would absorb the impact of walking when a foot first touches the ground during a normal stride? FIGURE 16 A B C D

A fracture of which structure is commonly referred to as "breaking your hip"? the neck of the femur the ischium the head of the femur the acetabulum

Which of the following statements is true? The tibia is the lateral bone in the lower leg. The fibula is the weight-bearing bone in the lower leg. The tibia and fibula articulate with the calcaneus at the ankle. The ilium is the most proximal bone in the lower appendicular skeleton.

The arch that runs front to back on the inside of the foot is the __________. oblique arch transverse arch lateral longitudinal arch medial longitudinal arch

Old age affects many parts of the skeleton. Which of the following is NOT associated with old age? The mandible continues to grow and thicken. The thoracic cage becomes more rigid as costal cartilages ossify. The vertebrae become more porous and likely to fracture. The intervertebral discs become thinner and less elastic.

Which is the largest, longest, and strongest bone in the body? the fibula the femur the os coxae the tibia