which of the following components are assessed or determined by forensic anthropologists
answer
sex, ancestry, age
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the application of biological anthropology to the mediolegal issues
answer
forensic anthropology
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Which of these is NOT a primary subfield of anthropology
answer
forensic anthropology
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who is the father of forensic anthropology
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thomas dwight
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formative period
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1849-1938
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Consolidation period
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1939-1971
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modern period
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1972-1999
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new millenium
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2000-present
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which of these is not a seminal, early forensic anthropologist
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kathy reichs
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the establishment of the american board of forensic anthropology (ABFA)
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an event of the modern period
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in what instance would a forensic anthropologist analyze historical remains
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the case has forensic merit
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what is the major problem with the hamann-todd and terry skeletal collections
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they are not representative of the entire US population
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Biological Anthropology
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aka physical anthropology
played an unfortunate role in the development of early racial typologies
is interested in the full extent of human variability
has its earliest origins in the 15th century age of discovery
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lead, board certified forensic pathologist, appointed by the state governor in florida and other states
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chief medical examiner
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expert who assists medical examiner in identification based on dental records
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forensic odontologist
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elected official responsible for death investigations of individuals not under the care of a physician at time of death who is usually charged with death investigation located in rural areas and consults with pathologist if an autopsy needs to be performed
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coroner
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expert who assists medical examiner in the use of plant material for death investigation
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forensic botanist
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expert who assists medical examiner in recovery of human remains, assessing trauma in skeletonized or badly decomposed remains, and determining the biological profile
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forensic anthropologist
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assists medical examiner in death investigation and in corresponding with law enforcement and family members; responsible for human remains and associate evidence
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medicolegal death investigator
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expert who assist medical examiner in the use of insects for death investigation
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forensic entomologist
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licensed physician with training in forensic pathology who performs autopsy, determines cause and manner of death, and issues death certificate for individuals not under the care of a physician at time of death
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medical examiner
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assists medical examiner during autopsy
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autopsy tehnician
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assists medical examiner by collecting material evidence at the scene
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law enforcement officer
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which of the following experts consult with medical examiners on forensic cases
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law enforcement, anthropologists, odontologists, DNA specialists
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which of the following would be least likely to initiate a medicolegal investigation
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the death of an elderly patient in a nursing home
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the 2 types of autopsies that can be conducted are
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clinical and forensic
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medical examiners
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are licensed physicians
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the coroner system as we know it originated in
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england
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autopsies are performed when
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there is an unnatural death
a prisoner dies
the family asks for it
to collecte evidence
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which of these is a cause of death
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gunshot wound to the head
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One Saturday night after a Gator's football game, George walks into The Salty Dog Saloon and gets into an altercation with Steve, an inebriated student. Steve hits George over the head with a barstool and they are both kicked out of the bar. George seems to be fine but two months later goes into the emergency room for intense pain in his head. He has internal bleeding in his skull. He dies two hours later.
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the manner of death is homicide
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which of the following statements is false concerning forensic pathologists
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forensic pathologists are always elected officials
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within the medicolegal system, the roles of a forensic anthropologist could include
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aiding in the recovery of human remains and analyzing traumatic injuries to bone
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maps of a crime scene
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show the locations of bones and other evidence
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why is a grid system often used in field recoveries
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when site is visualized as a grid, its easy to keep track of where evidence came from
each square of the grid can be carefully excavated independently of the others
grid systems tie in well with datum points
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control over and care for the evidence recovered at a crime scene begins when
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evidence is discovered
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remote sensing is a type of
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noninvasive search technique
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locating a clandestine burial can be done using
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ground penetrating radar
the observation of vegetation changes
cadaver dogs
field searching in a line
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which of the following are invasive search methods
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soil probing
digging test pits
digging test trenches
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why is screening an important part of the recovery of human remains
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it allows us to collect small bones that may have been missed
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what is the corpus delicti
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the primary evidence that a crime has been committed
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a theodolite is
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used to determine the distance of an item of evidence from datum
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which of these is false
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law enforcement personnel are usually extensively trained to do archaeological recoveries
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why do forensic anthropologists do peer reviews
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as a means of quality assurance to double check analyses and reports
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the surety portion of the sop involves all of the following portions excpet
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taphonomy
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in the cleaning of remains, plastic tools are used because
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they prevent damage to the remains
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skeletal analysis at the CAPHIL includes
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inventory, photography and radiography, biological profile estimation
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a portion of the guiding principle of quality assurance states
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write what you do, do what you write
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which of the following forms are used in forensic anthropological lab analysis
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skeletal inventory form, trauma form, forms for the biological profile
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taphonomy and trauma forms are examples
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of open forms because there are no specified methods on the form itself
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accession
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is all about controlling the evidence (tracking custody)
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the four topics covered in this module include all of the following except
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recovery
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the processing form contains the following tasks
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maceration, case labeling, biological profile
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the settling of the blood in a body after death is known as
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livor mortis
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which of the following is evidence of shark predation/scavenging
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parallel incised bone gouges, punctures, compression fractures
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bone that appears greenish in color can result from
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algae staining and copper staining
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soil staining can reveal
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original position of the remains, type of soil, if the remains have been moved, differential preservation environments
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which of these can help differentiate between carnivore and rodent gnawing
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presence of punctures and parallel striae
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shark predation of human remains is more common than shark scavenging of remains
answer
false
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after 24 hours after death the medical examiner and her consultants may look at ______ to determine time since death?
answer
entomology, botany, taphonomy, decomposition
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Santeria and Palo Mayombe
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are a combo of catholocism/christianity and traditional african religions
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locard's exchange principle states that
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every contact leaves a trace
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carnivores are known for
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scattering remains long distance, breaking remains, ingesting remains
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metric approaches rely on
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standardized measurements
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it is important to establish ____ standards for metric methods of analysis because of population differences
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regional
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knee bone is
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patella
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the sagittal suture lines in the
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skull midline
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the bones of the leg include
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tibia, fibula, femur
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problems or potential problems with the use of FORDISC include which of the following
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understanding advanced underlying stats, limited number of reference populations, small reference population
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the clavicle is ____ the the patella
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superior
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the mandible is ___ to the cranium
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inferior
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the human vertebral column cannot be characterized by
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ribs that articulate only with the cervical vertebrae
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why might a large female be at a disadvantage (as compared to a smaller female)
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gestation and lactation require a large amount of energy
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Which of the following statements is true?
answer
it is very unlikely for any given female to have all expected feminine traits
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in primates sexual selection may favor all of the following except
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long feathers
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What is sexual dimorphism?
answer
physical differences between males and females of the same species
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the determination of sex from the skeleton is performed using what/which method
answer
visual and metric assessments
question
A pelvis shows the following features: wide sciatic notches, a wide, "U-shaped" subpubic angle, and long, rectangular-shaped pubic bones. In your report, you would most likely conclude the sex of the individual is
answer
female
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the pelvis is the best place to assess
answer
sex
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the average difference in size between male and female humans is
answer
15%
question
differences in the pelvis between human males and females are primarily due to
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the need to accommodate for childbirth
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the ____ is the second best area to look when determining sex
answer
skull
question
during which life stage is age most accurately estimated
answer
childhood
question
a pubic symphysis with no ridges and furrows, rim erosion, and a pitted or porous face is typical of which age group
answer
older adults
question
the fusion of epiphyses occurs
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between 10-20 years of age
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which of the following methods would give the most accurate and precise age estimate in subadult remains
answer
dental development
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the rule of thumb for estimating fetal development from crown-to-heel length measurements is known as
answer
haase's rule
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age estimation in subadults can be performed using all of the following indicators except
answer
pubic symphysis
question
you can age a _____ but you cant sex him/her, you can sex a ____ but cant age them
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child, adult
question
technique of subadult age estimation are based on multiple ___ processes
answer
developmental
question
of these joints which fuses first
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the elbow
question
which of the following is not one of the aspects of age estimation
answer
craniometry
question
the SMDA deals with what types of materials
answer
orthopedic implants
question
which of these is an example of a skeletal anomaly/idiosyncratic human variation?
answer
transitional vertebra
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what is the difference between presumptive and positive identification
answer
Presumptive identification is based on evidence that can potentially describe more than one person, while positive identification is based on evidence that can only describe one person
question
identification of unidentified skeletal remains does not rely on which of the following
answer
visual identification
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which of the following is an example of a biological identifier
answer
healed antemortem fracture, sternal foramen, pathological condition in the remains, dental restorations
question
Unique life history markers include all of the following except
answer
ancestry
question
what is the reason for the identification of the dead
answer
prosecution of offenders, emotional peace, probate and other social institutions
question
which of the following show dr. falsetti that on of the individuals in the anastasia film was female
answer
the sciatic notch
question
which of the following was suspected of preventing the death of anastasia romanov after she was shot
answer
jewels sewn into her clothes acted as a bullet proof vest
question
what did the dna analysis of the purported romanov remains demonstrate
answer
alexi and one of his sisters was present in the grave excavated in 2007
question
which of the following statements is true of photo/video superimposition
answer
it is a presumptive and exclusionary line of evidence
question
which of the following can affect the accuracy of facial approximations
answer
whether the ancestral population of the decedent is known, whether the forensic art has knowledge of human anatomy, whether accurate tissue depths are available
question
which of the following facial feature is used by forensic artists estimate the length of the nose
answer
interior nasal spine
question
what is the most accurate way to collect facial soft tissue depth data
answer
ultrasound on living, upright individuals
question
the artistic reproduction of the soft tissue features of an individual is called
answer
facial reproduction and facial approximation
question
two dimensional facial reconstruction
answer
can be used to depict facial features described in witness testimonies
question
which of the following is not a problem with facial approximation
answer
all of the above are problems
question
according to the artist in the forensic file video which part of the body was hardest to approximate
answer
nose, ears
question
to create a facial reconstruction, the forensic artist needs to know
answer
biological profile info
question
why is forensic facial reconstruction something of a misnomer
answer
forensic artists can never perfectly reconstruct antemortem facial features, only approximate them
question
when a bullet of projectile passes through the body it creates
answer
temporary cavity and permanent wound track
question
which of the following is true concerning plastic deformation
answer
it is the result of slow loading forces
question
which of the following statements is true
answer
blunt force trauma can result in radiating and concentric fractures and it is not easy to determine the implement used in blunt force trauma
question
which of the following is typical of a gunshot wound to the sternum
answer
the entrance wound is circular, beveling present on exit wound, bone fragments were displaced
question
in blunt force trauma, the termination of one fracture into another can tell you
answer
sequence
question
the ____ of gunshot wounds can provide evidence of the type of weapon used and the events leading to death
answer
location, number, size
question
characteristics of antemortem trauma may include
answer
evidence of vital tissue reaction and surgical intervention
question
saw marks can be found on the skeleton when
answer
the assailant is trying to move the body in smaller portions or trying to cover up the crime
question
in a gunshot wound the exit is characterized by
answer
external beveling and larger size than entrance wound
question
as applied to commercial cremations locards principle tells us that
answer
some degree of commingling among cases is inevitable
question
burned bone can shrink up to
answer
25%
question
which of the following is not helpful to the death investigator compiling a life history
answer
decedent's last meal
question
which of the following is least likely to have an effect on the chemical composition of cremated bone
answer
living stature
question
which of the following fractures are typical of heat damage
answer
cup shaped transverse
question
which of the following fracture types would you expect to see in a living individual but not in bone that has been exposed to fire
answer
spiral
question
the crucial first step in the investigation of fire related deaths is
answer
recovery of the remains
question
which of the following have been correlated with cremation weight
answer
body weight, sex, stature, age
question
which of the following is not a category of cremation artifact
answer
commercial
question
of the following colors which represents the longest exposure to fire in bone
answer
white
question
what skill is a forensic anthropologist most likely to bring to mass disaster response that other specialists may lack
answer
the ability to identify burned and fragmented human remains
question
anthropologists were vital after the 9/11 attacks because they
answer
provided expertise in fragmentary remains
question
which of the following statements is true of mass disaster response
answer
they often involve the use of multi disciplinary teams
question
commingled describes remains that are
answer
from more than one individual but found in association
question
in a mass fatality incident the job of the forensic anthropologist is to
answer
aid in identifying individuals
question
mass fatality incidents differ from normal casework because
answer
they usually entail remains from a closed population
question
types of mass disasters and mass fatality events include
answer
natural disasters and man made atrocities
question
most cases examined by forensic anthropologists are individual victims of homicide, and therefore come from what type of population
answer
open
question
the process of deciding which remains in a mass disaster have the most likelihood of resulting in a personal identification is known as what
answer
triage
question
which of the following were characteristics of the hurricane katrina disaster response
answer
all of the above
question
victims of human rights violations include victimes of
answer
war crimes, genocide, terrorism, guatemalan military and civil patrols
question
which of the following professional and ethical questions continue to plague the anthropological investigation of human rights violations
answer
should we train local groups to conduct their own investigations and who owns the remains of human rights victims
question
which of the following specialists have recently been included in investigations of crimes against humanity
answer
cultural anthropologists and language area specialists
question
all of the following are recent improvements to human rights missions except
answer
inclusion of specialized ordnance detection and removal teams
question
the forensic anthropologists at JPAC have 2 key roles
answer
field recovery and lab analysis
question
the largest number of unaccounted for personnel are from which conflict
answer
ww2
question
which of these is not a role of forensic anthropologists in human rights work
answer
allocating money for surviving families
question
which of the following is a section within the AAFS
