Human Biology Chapter 12 (Skeletal)

Which function of the skeleton do the rib cage, vertebral column, and skull represent? support the body protect soft body parts produce blood cells store minerals and fats permit flexible body movement

Which function of the skeletal system requires the leg bones to be extremely strong? They support the entire body. They protect soft body parts. They produce blood cells. They store minerals and fat. They permit flexible body movement.

Where, besides adipose tissue, is fat stored? matrix of bone yellow bone marrow red bone marrow periosteum articular cartilage

Only certain bones in the fetus produce blood cells, but all the bones in the adult produce blood cells. True False

From the outside of a long bone inside, what is the first tissue encountered? compact bone spongy bone periosteum medullary cavity bone marrow

What term is associated with spongy bone but not with compact bone? canaliculi osteocytes trabeculae bone marrow blood vessels

What is a canaliculus? the large cavity inside a long bone a stress plate in spongy bone a fibrous connective covering of bone a small channel in the matrix of bone a type of bone forming cell

The medullary cavity is within the diaphysis of a long bone. True False

Bone cells are called _________________ while cartilage cells are called ________________. osteocytes, osteoblasts lacunae, osteocytes chondrocytes, lacunae osteoblasts, chondrocytes osteocytes, chondrocytes

What type of cartilage is found at the ends of the long bones? elastic cartilage fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage spongy compact

Jason broke his finger playing football, while Sean tore the cartilage in his knee playing basketball. Which one will heal faster and why? Jason, bones have a blood supply and heal faster Jason, fingers bear less weight than knees do Sean, cartilage has a blood supply and heal faster Sean, knees can be immobilized easier than fingers Jason, fingers require fewer nutrients to repair because they are small

The epiglottis is a structure that needs to be strong but extremely flexible. What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis? elastic cartilage fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage bone muscle

Bones continue to grow throughout a lifetime. True False

Bone recycling allows the body to regulate what? the amount of sodium in the blood the amount of calcium in the blood the amount of sodium in the bone the amount of vitamin C in the blood the amount of vitamin D in the bone

Exercise stimulates the activity of osteoclasts instead of osteoblasts. True False

What two hormones are involved in regulating the blood calcium level? calcitonin and renin renin and aldosterone renin and PTH aldosterone and PTH PTH and calcitonin

How are osteocytes and osteoblasts related? Osteocytes become osteoblasts as the bone matures. Osteoblasts become osteocytes as the bone matures. Osteocytes and osteoblasts have the same function, but osteocytes work in the adult and osteoblasts work in the fetus. Osteocytes and osteoblasts work opposite each other. One builds up bone while the other absorbs it. Osteocytes are mature bone cells while osteoblasts are a form of bone cancer.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the region of primary ossification of a bone? Osteoblasts are derived from the newly formed periosteum. Bone formation spreads from the center to the ends of the bone. As the cartilage models calcify, the chondrocytes die off. The region of primary ossification is where osteoclasts are laid down on the outside of the bone. A band of cartilage remains between the primary ossification center and each secondary center.

As long as the growth plate remains, the limbs will keep increasing in length. True False

Which bones develop by intramembranous ossification? the long bones of the leg the long bones of the arms the ribs the fingers the skull

Arrange the steps of bone repair in order. 1. Remodeling; 2. Bony callus; 3. Hematoma; 4. Fibrocartilaginous callus 1,2,3,4 4,3,2,1 1,2,4,3 3,4,2,1 2,1,4,3

How long does the bony callus in a bone repair last? 1-2 days 3-4 weeks 3-4 months 1-2 years more than 10 years

How is bone repair different from bone development? A hematoma indicates an injury has occurred. Osteoblasts are not involved in bone repair but they are in bone development. Osteoclasts are involved in bone development but not in bone repair. Only spongy bone is built in bone repair while both spongy and compact bone are built in bone development. There is no cartilage involved in bone repair but there is in bone development.

A simple break of the tibia is when the bone is broken clear through. True False

What criterion is used to categorize the skeleton into axial and appendicular? whether the bones are weight bearing or not whether the bones lie on the midline or on a girdle whether the bones are flat or long whether the bones contain red bone marrow or yellow bone marrow whether the bones articulate with the pelvis or not

Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton? clavicle hyoid temporal rib vertebrae

Which bone in the body does not articulate with any other bone? scapula maxilla hyoid coccyx temporal

Jill broke her cheekbone in an ice skating accident. Which bone did she break? temporal bone mandible maxilla zygomatic bone frontal bone

How are the bones of the cranium named? for their articulations with the vertebral column for whether they are formed from cartilage or not for their shape for their size for the lobes of the brain they protect

How many vertebrae are there? 5 10 18 24 33

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra? Why? atlas, Greek mythology atlas, it allows "yes" motion of the head axis, Roman mythology axis, it allows the "no" motion of the head sphinoid, Egyptian sphinx mythology

The thoracic vertebrae are associated with the ribs. True False

The name of the "tailbone" is the lumbar. sacrum. coccyx. sphinoid. axis.

What are the functions of the sinuses? to drain fluid from the brain and to allow the brain to expand to give a resonant sound to the voice and to allow the brain to expand to lighten the skull and drain fluid from the brain to lighten the skull and give a resonant sound to the voice to allow the brain to expand and to lighten the skull

What are the intervertebral disks made of? bone skeletal muscle hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage elastic cartilage

All 12 pairs of ribs connect directly to the thoracic vertebrae in the back and the sternum in the front. True False

Due to the compression of her intervertebral disks, Carla had several of her lumbar vertebrae fused together. How does this affect Carla? She will have limited movement in that area. She will not be affected at all. She will need assistance in walking. She will be unable to stand upright. She will be unable to lie flat on her back.

Which of the following bones is not part of the pectoral girdle and attached limbs? clavicle sternum scapula ulna humerus

Emma developed a rotator cuff injury. What part of her body is injured? neck upper back shoulder lower back lower arm

How many bones are present in the pelvic girdle? one two three four five

Which of the following is not part of the coxal bone? patella ilium ischium pubis acetabulum

The head of the radius is located at the elbow. wrist. shoulder. sternum. knee.

The humerus fits into what at the shoulder? acetabulum clavicle acromion process glenoid cavity olecranon process

It is not possible to tell whether skeletal remains are male or female. True False

When you hit your "funny bone", what are you hitting? olecranon process deltoid tuberosity acromion process head of ulna glenoid cavity

Daniel has a very large deltoid tuberosity. This is probably because Daniel is a pianist. spends a lot of time playing video games. lifts heavy weights with his arms. plays basketball. is a runner.

Which bone is the longest and strongest bone in the body? humerus pelvis tibia fibula femur

What holds the patella in place? the lateral epicondyle the quadriceps tendon the medial condyle the lateral malleolus the greater trochanter

There are phalanges in both the lower limbs and upper limbs. True False

Which of the following is not a type of joint? trochanter fibrous cartilaginous synovial suture

What of the following joints is a fibrous joint? sutures between cranial bones ribs and sternum intervertebral disks elbow knee

Which type of joints tend to be slightly movable? fibrous cartilaginous synovial sutures none of these are slightly moveable

A ligament connects cartilage to bone. muscle to bone. bone to bone. a cartilaginous joint. muscle to muscle.

Which of the following is not associated with a synovial joint? bursae menisci ligaments fibrocartilage fibrous capsule

A meniscus is made up of synovial fluid found within a joint. True False

Which part of a synovial joint is a fluid-filled sac? symphysis suture synovial membrane menisci bursa

When you nod your head "yes", what type of movement are you using? flexion and extension adduction and abduction rotation circumduction inversion

When you kick your foot out in front of you, what type of movement are you using? adduction and abduction flexion and extension rotation eversion inversion

When Phillip was little, he walked on the outside edge of his feet. This is what type of movement? rotation eversion inversion circumduction adduction and abduction

A synovial joint allows for flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, and inversion and eversion, but not rotation and circumduction. True False

What term is used to describe bone cells? osteocytes chondrocytes trabeculae periosteum epiphysis

Which bone is part of the pelvic girdle? coxal bones clavicle femur scapula talus

Which bone is part of the pectoral girdle? clavicle radius ulna carpals manubrium

Which joint has the greatest range of motion? synovial sutures fibrous cartilaginous All of these are equally movable.

Which joint action allows for the body part to move towards the midline? adduction abduction flexion pronation eversion