ANT3520 Final

2 October 2022
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question
The Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory (JPAC-CIL) is known for:
answer
Identifying missing U.S. servicemembers
question
Which of the following components are assessed or determined by forensic anthropologists? a. Sex b. Ancestry c. Age d. Manner of death e. A, B, C only
answer
A, B, C only
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Which of the following is NOT one of the sub-specialties of biological anthropology? a. Primatology b. Archaeology c. Morphology d. Paleoanthropology e. Forensic Identification
answer
Archaeology
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Which of the following statements about anthropology are FALSE: a. Anthropology is a holistic science b. Anthropologists do not believe that culture exists c. Anthropologists search for testable explanations for natural phenomena d. Anthropologists strive to understand ultimate truths about humanity e. None of the above f. B and D
answer
B and D
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Which of these is NOT a primary subfield of Anthropology? a. Cultural Anthropology b. Forensic Anthropology c. Linguistic Anthropology d. Archaeology e. Biological Anthropology
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Forensic Anthropology
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The Parkman murder case is important because
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It is one of the first cases that uses forensic anthropological techniques
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The facility that opened at the University of Tennessee in 1980: a.Led to the formation of the Hamann-Todd Skeletal Collection b. Was overseen by Dr. William "Bill" Bass c. Is devoted to the study of human decomposition d. All of the above e. A and B f. B and C
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B and C
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Who was the founder of the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory?
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William Maples
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In what instance would a forensic anthropologist analyze historical remains?
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The case has forensic merit
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What is the major problem with the Hamann-Todd and Terry Skeletal Collections?
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They are not representative of the entire historic U.S. population
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Lead, board-certified forensic pathologist, appointed by the state governor in Florida and other states
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Chief Medical Examiner
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Expert who assists Medical Examiner in identification based on dental records
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forensic odontologist
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Elected official responsible for death investigations of individuals not under the care of a physician at time of death who is usually charged with death investigation located in rural areas and consults with pathologist if an autopsy needs to be performed
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coroner
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Expert who assists Medical Examiner in the use of plant material for death investigation
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forensic botanist
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Expert who assists Medical Examiner in recovery of human remains, assessing trauma in skeletonized or badly decomposed remains, and determining the biological profile
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forensic anthropologist
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Assists Medical Examiner in death investigation and in corresponding with Law Enforcement and family members; responsible for human remains and associated evidence
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Medicolegal death investigator
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Expert who assists Medical Examiner in the use of insects for death investigation
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Forensic Entomologist
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Licensed physician with training in forensic pathology who performs autopsy, determines cause and manner of death, and issues death certificate for individuals not under the care of a physician at time of death
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Medical Examiner
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Assists Medical Examiner during autopsy
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Autopsy Technician
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Assists Medical Examiner by collecting material evidence at the scene
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Law Enforcement Officer
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When remains are found, fleshed or skeletonized, the discoverer should:
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Call the police and leave them alone
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"Forensic" refers to:
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Scientific work related to the legal system in criminal and civil cases
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Which of these is NOT a main objective of the forensic anthropologist? a. Look for traumatic injury b. Determine time since death c. Determine cause of death d. Recover human remains e. Assist with positive identifications
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Determine cause of death
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Which of the following would be LEAST likely to initiate a medicolegal investigation? a. A drowning witnessed by at least two other people b. A fatal fall off a ladder c. The death of an elderly patient in a nursing home d. The death of an otherwise healthy, young woman from a stroke
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The death of an elderly patient in a nursing home
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The coroner system as we know it originated in:
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England
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Within the medicolegal system, the roles of a forensic anthropologist could include: a. Aiding in the recovery of human remains b. Riding along with the FBI to arrest suspects, just like on TV c. Conducting autopsies d. Analyzing traumatic injuries to bone e. None of the above f. C and D g. A and D
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A and D
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Why would a state have a coroner system instead of the Medical Examiner system?
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There may not be enough violent crime to have a full-time medical pathologist
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Which of these is a manner of death? a. Falling from a tree b. Gunshot wound to the head c. Homicide d. Getting hit by a bus e. Stab wound to the abdomen
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Homicide
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Which of the following experts consult with medical examiners on forensic cases? a. Law Enforcement b. Anthropologists c. Odontologists d. DNA specialists e. All of the above
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All of the above
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A Medicolegal Death Investigator:
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Acts as a liason between the Medical Examiner and the Family
question
Upon arrival to the scene, the person claiming to have buried the remains is unable to recall the exact location. What is the simplest noninvasive technique you can use to try to locate the remains?
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line search pedestrian search pedestrian survey
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Since this is purportedly a burial, what can you tell your team to look for in order to potentially identify its location?
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I would tell my team to keep a look out for surface depression or mounds, soil color, vegetation, scavenging, and personal evidence (example: clothes/keys/wallet)
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Local law enforcement has contacted your laboratory because a person has come forward claiming to have buried human remains in a nearby wooded area. They ask for your assistance in the location and recovery of the purported human remains and any associated material evidence. List at least five items you should include in your field kit before leaving the lab.
answer
Journal Camera Measuring tape compass stadia rod
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Which of these is NOT a type of search technique? a. Line search b. Random search c. Grid search d. Circular search
answer
Random search
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The recovery of human remains typically involves: a. A lot of time b. Experience in archaeological techniques c. Using heavy machinery only (no shovels/trowels) d. Setting up a datum and a baseline e. A, B, and D
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A, B, and D
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What is the corpus delicti?
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The primary evidence that a crime has been committed
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Which of the following is the definition of In situ?
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in place, as found
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Which of these is NOT a stage of recovery? a. Establish a datum b. Excavate the remains c. Collect the remains d. Scrape soil down beneath the remains e. Analyze the remains
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Analyze the remains
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The next best step once locating the remains is to begin removing them from the ground and placing them into evidence bags. true/false
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False
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The relationship among items of evidence and between the greater crime scene and the world at large is referred to as:
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context
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Locating a clandestine burial can be done using:
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Ground penetrating radar The observation of vegetation changes Cadaver dogs Field-searching in a line
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Why is a grid system often used in field recoveries?
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a. When site is visualized as a grid, it's easy to keep track of where evidence came from. b. Each square of the grid can be carefully excavated independently of the others. c. Grid systems tie in well with datum points.
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The recovery process is documented in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a. Field notes b. Sketch maps c. Processing log d. Photography
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Processing log
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A datum is a
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Fixed point from which all bones and evidence can be measured
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Why do forensic anthropologists do peer reviews?
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As a means of quality assurance - to double-check analyses and reports.
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Audits can be performed by the following individuals: a. External auditors b. Inferior auditors c. Superior auditors d. Internal auditors e. A and D
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A and D
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In report writing,
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Everything that appears in the report should appear in the notes
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The surety portion of the SOP involves all of the following portions EXCEPT: a. Taphonomy b. Peer review c. Audits d. Training
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Taphonomy
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At the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory, the following materials are used for maceration:
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Simmering water
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Skeletal analysis at the CAPHIL includes a. Inventory b. Photography and Radiography c. Biological Profile estimation d. Field notes A, B, and C
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A, B, and C
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Taphonomy and Trauma forms are examples of:
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Open forms because there are no specified methods on the form itself
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In the cleaning of remains, plastic tools are used because:
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They prevent damage to the remains
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Which of the following forms are used in forensic anthropological lab analysis? a. Skeletal inventory form, trauma form, forms for the biological profile b. SOP, audit form c. Skeletal inventory form only d. Trauma form only e. Biological profile forms only
answer
Skeletal inventory form, trauma form, forms for the biological profile
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The process of maceration includes
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Cleaning the bone of all soft tissue
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Taphonomy literally means
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The laws of burial
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Which of these is NOT representative of weathering on bone? a. Delaminating b. Shrinkage c. Sun bleaching d. Root etching
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Shrinkage
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What is a N'ganga?
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Cauldron used to perform rituals in Palo Mayombe
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Postmortem damage can be distinguished from perimortem damage by
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Color of the fracture
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Forensic anthropologists may use taphonomy to aid in determining
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The time since death
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Locard's exchange principle states that:
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Every contact leaves a trace
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Bone can appear in different colors due to a. Sun bleaching b. Coffin staining c. Burning d. All of the above e. None of the above
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All of the above
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Changes in algor mortis and other decompositional factors are:
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Highly environmentally-dependent
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The settling of the blood in a body after death is known as
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Livor mortis
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After 24 hours after death, the Medical Examiner and her consultants may look at _____ to determine time since death? a. Entomology b. Botany c. Taphonomy d. Decompsition e. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
Which of these bones is NOT found in humans? a. Baculum b. Coracoid c. Tibiotarsus d. All of the above e. None of the above
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All of the above
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Maximum cranial length is measured with:
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Spreading calipers
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The fibula is ________________ to the tibia
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Lateral
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The bones of the leg include:
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Femur, patella, tibia
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Osteometry is:
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The measurement of bone and skeletal materials
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The sternum is _________ to the vertebrae:
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Anterior
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The two types of bone formation are
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Intramembranous and Endochondral
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The human vertebral column CANNOT be characterized by: a. Four curvatures b. Ribs that articulate only with the cervical vertebrae c. Vertebrae that increase in size d. Ribs that articulate only with the thoracic vertebrae
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Ribs that articulate only with the cervical vertebrae
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The average difference in size between male and female humans is
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15%
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The determination of sex from the skeleton is performed using what/which method? a. Visual assessment b. Metric assessment c. Aural assessment d. All of the above e. Both A and B
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Both A and B
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Which of these is typical of a female pelvis: a. Wide subpubic angle b. Narrow subpubic angle c. Wide sciatic notch d. None of the above e. Both A and C
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Both A and C
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The ______is the second best area to look when determining sex.
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skull
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What is sexual dimorphism?
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Physical differences between males and females of the same species
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The pelvis is the best place to assess______________.
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sex
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As compared to males, the pelvic outlet in females tends to be
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Large and unobstructed
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Differences in the pelvis between human males and females are primarily due to
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The need to accommodate for childbirth
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Why might a large female be at a disadvantage (as compared to a smaller female)?
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Gestation and lactation require a large amount of energy
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Which of the following traits is most commonly observed in males? a. Vertical, gracile forehead b. Large mastoid processes c. Pointed chin d. Sharp orbital margins
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Large mastoid processes
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During which life-stage is age most accurately estimated?
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childhood
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The rule of thumb for estimating fetal development from crown-to-heel length measurements is known as what?
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Haase's rule
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Of the six major joints, the bones of the shoulder will fuse
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Sixth
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Techniques of subadult age estimation are based on multiple _________ processes.
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Developmental
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The last epiphysis to fuse is the
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clavicle
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Fill in the blanks: You can age a(n) ________________ but you can't sex him/her; you can sex a(n) ________________ but you can't age him/her.
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child; adult
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As an adult individual approaches SENILITY (old age), what happens?
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The space between the intervertebral discs begins to shrink
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Of these joints, which fuses first? a. The ankle b. The elbow c. The wrist d. The knee e. The hip
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The elbow
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Which of the following has 6 morphological stages? a. Cranial suture closure b. Auricular surface c. Suchey-Brooks pubic symphysis method d. A and C only e. None of the above
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Suchey-Brooks pubic symphysis method
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Which of the following is an age indicator for adults? a. Dental development b. Epiphyseal fusion c. Pubic symphysis morphology d. All of the above
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Pubic symphysis morphology
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Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning stature? a. Increases with maturity b. Decreases with senility (old age) c. Affected by environmental factors d. Highly variable e. All are true
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All are true
question
Which of the following statements is true of human stature? a. Within a population, males and females are usually the same height b. Genetic and environmental factors are unlikely to influence terminal height c. Stature increases until adulthood, then decreases over time d. The same stature estimation equations can be applied to all human populations
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Stature increases until adulthood, then decreases over time
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Americans have steadily increased in height over the last century. This is an example of
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Secular change
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Why is stature usually reported in terms of an interval rather than a point estimate? a. To account for normal human variation b. To account for errors in self-reported stature c. To account for measurement error d. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
Human bodies, like those of other mammals, follow general rules of proportions dealing with:
answer
Heat conservation and distribution
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Regression formulae in stature estimation are important because: a. They provide error estimates b. They are based on a specific sex and ancestral reference population c. They give a point estimate d. All of the above
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All of the above
question
What is the Fully anatomical method of stature estimation?
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It estimates stature using the summed lengths of all the bones contributing to stature, in addition to a soft tissue correction factor
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Which of the following is FALSE concerning the importance of regional standards? a. FORDISC is comprised of limited groups of individuals b. Stature varies among different populations c. American standards cannot be applied to all populations d. The ratio between limb length and stature is consistent throughout human populations e. All of the above are TRUE
answer
The ratio between limb length and stature is consistent throughout human populations
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Long-bone measurements are recorded using what piece of equipment?
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Osteometric board
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A problem with the Fully method of stature estimation is
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The need for all bones contributing to height
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FORDISC analysis is invalid when
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The individual is unlikely to belong to one of the FORDISC reference populations
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Ancestry assessment in the United States is somewhat unique due to:
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Several disparate groups coming together in one place A specific migration and immigration pattern
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Which continent has the greatest human genetic diversity?
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Africa
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The _______is the best area to look when assessing ancestry.
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sKULL
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What is the difference between race and ancestry?
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Race is culturally and individually defined, while ancestry describes biological population origins
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Why is "Hispanic" such a difficult ancestry group to define?
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"Hispanic" refers to a linguistically and culturally defined group that has different biological ancestry contributions in different parts of the world.
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The concept that individuals are born with a specific set of genes that determines their behavioral norms is known as what?
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Biological determinism
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Which of the following terms is used by most forensic anthropologists to describe the biological population origin of an individual?
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ancestry
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A disadvantage to non-metric traits is
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Lack of good definitions of traits
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Human variation is best characterized as
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clinical
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Who should the anthropologist consult for assistance with identification involving radiographs? a. Clinical radiologist b. Forensic botanist c. Forensic radiologist d. Clinical genomicist e. A and C
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A and C
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The SMDA (safe medical devices act) deals with what types of materials?
answer
Orthopedic implants
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Radiographic comparison can be conducted using all of the following EXCEPT: a. Dental work b. Frontal sinuses c. Surgical implants d. Pathology e. All of the above CAN be compared radiographically
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All of the above CAN be compared radiographically
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Context of the remains is _________ in the identification process.
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Very useful
question
Which of the following forms highly unique patterns in the cranium that can only be seen radiographically?
answer
Frontal sinus
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Unique life history markers include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Ancestry b. Broken bones c. Pathology d. Dental work e. Surgical/artificial devices
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Ancestry
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Which of the following trauma was inflicted on the two Romanov children buried separately? a. Grenade trauma b. Fire Trauma c. Acid trauma d. All of the above
answer
All of the above
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Which of the following is an example of a biological identifier? a. Healed antemortem fracture b. Sternal foramen c. Pathological condition in the remains d. Dental restorations e. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
What is the difference between presumptive and positive identification?
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Presumptive identification is based on evidence that can potentially describe more than one person, while positive identification is based on evidence that can only describe one person
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Which of these is an example of a skeletal anomaly/idiosyncratic human variation? a. Fractured humerus b. Transitional vertebra c. Sagittal suture d. Dental work e. None of the above
answer
Transitional vertebra
question
The artistic reproduction of the soft tissue features of an individual is called a. Facial reproduction b. Facial approximation c. Skull reconstruction d. Both A and B
answer
Both A and B
question
Which of the following features is least likely to be estimated by a forensic anthropologist, and can only be added to a facial approximation if circumstantial evidence for it exists? a. Adornments (e.g., glasses, piercings, etc.) b. Sex c. Ancestry d. Age
answer
Adornments (e.g., glasses, piercings, etc.)
question
Why is "forensic facial reconstruction" something of a misnomer? a. The witness reconstructs antemortem facial features, not the artist b. Forensic artists do not interact with the forensic or law enforcement communities c. Forensic artists can reconstruct all body features, not just facial ones d. Forensic artists can never perfectly reconstruct antemortem facial features, only approximate them
answer
Forensic artists can never perfectly reconstruct antemortem facial features, only approximate them
question
The technique of video superimposition is NOT used to a. Overlay a photograph on a skull b. Associate ancestral features c. Superimpose a morphological feature onto a radiograph d. Compare a surveillance photograph with a photograph of a living suspect
answer
Associate ancestral features
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Which of the following can affect the accuracy of facial approximations? a. Whether the ancestral population of the decedent is known b. Whether the forensic artist has knowledge of human anatomy c. Whether accurate tissue depths are available d. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
Which of the following statements is true of forensic facial approximation? a. Forensic anthropologists have reliable techniques for estimating body weights from skeletal remains b. Average (mean) tissue depth values are known to correspond well with actual tissue depths in living populations c. Facial approximations always closely resemble the target individual d. It is largely unknown how cartilaginous features (e.g., ears, tip of nose, etc.) relate to the underlying bone
answer
It is largely unknown how cartilaginous features (e.g., ears, tip of nose, etc.) relate to the underlying bone
question
What is photo/video superimposition?
answer
The overlay of a skull image and an antemortem (before death) photograph
question
Which of the following statements is true of photo/video superimposition? a. The two craniometric points used to scale the photos to each other are included in later comparisons b. It is a presumptive and exclusionary line of evidence c. An antemortem photograph may be a match if the eyes extend outside of the bony orbits and the nasal profile differs from the nasal bone contour d. It can serve as a means of positive identification
answer
It is a presumptive and exclusionary line of evidence
question
Which of the following is NOT a problem with facial approximation? a. Depth needle not always placed in same position b. There is a lot of variation in tissue thickness between individuals c. Tissue thickness on cadavers is not the same as tissue thickness in living individuals d. All of the above ARE problems
answer
All of the above ARE problems
question
Which of the following are good characteristics for a forensic artist? a. Knowledge of human anatomy b. Creative and artistic talent c. Understanding of scientific knowledge related to the field d. All of the above e. None of the above: the only requirement for becoming a forensic artist is having an MFA.
answer
All of the above
question
Type of saw and "teeth per inch" are ___________ characteristics of saws.
answer
Class
question
Which of the following did Langley conclude in their article? a. One can determine the number of gunshot wounds in the thorax b. One can determine the sequence of gunshot wounds c. One can determine the direction of the bullet from the thorax bones d. All of the above
answer
One can determine the direction of the bullet from the thorax bones
question
In blunt force trauma, the termination of one fracture into another can tell you
answer
Sequence
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A broken hyoid bone is usually the result of
answer
strangulation
question
Which of the following are FALSE regarding perimortem trauma? a. Perimortem trauma is trauma that occurs at/around the time of death. b. Perimortem trauma can always be distinguished from postmortem damage. c. Perimortem trauma will show no evidence of healing. d. All of the above are TRUE regarding perimortem trauma.
answer
Perimortem trauma can always be distinguished from postmortem damage.
question
Fractures that spread outward directly from the gunshot entrance wound are called:
answer
Radiating fractures
question
In a gunshot wound, the EXIT is characterized by a. Internal beveling b. External beveling c. Larger size than entrance wound d. Plastic deformation e. B and C
answer
B and C
question
When a bullet or projectile passes through the body it creates a a. Temporary cavity b. Massive sharp force trauma c. Permanent wound track d. Both A and C
answer
Both A and C
question
An oblique fracture would most likely occur in which situation? a. Jumping from a two story building and landing on your feet b. Playing soccer and twisting an ankle c. Taking a blow from a baseball bat to the humerus d. Postmortem - if someone stepped on a dry bone e. None of the above
answer
Taking a blow from a baseball bat to the humerus
question
Saw marks can be found on the skeleton when a. There is a suicide b. The assailant is trying to cover his/her crime c. The assailant is trying to move the body in smaller portions d. Both B and C e. All of the above
answer
Both B and C
question
Which of the following is NOT an element normally found in bone? a. Calcium b. Dalekanium c. Phosphorous d. Magnesium
answer
Dalekanium
question
Which of the following have been correlated with cremation weight? a. Body weight b. Sex c. Stature d. Age e. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
Which of the following is NOT a category of cremation artifact? a. Medical b. Personal c. Miscellaneous d. Commercial e. Mortuary
answer
Commercial
question
The term for bone that has lost its organic components is __________________.
answer
Calcined, or calcinated
question
Burned bone can shrink up to
answer
25%
question
Which of the following is LEAST likely to have an effect on the chemical composition of cremated bone? a. Living stature b. Living after being shot c. Medical procedures undergone during life d. Keeping the cremains in a copper urn
answer
Living stature
question
Which of the following fractures are typical of heat damage? a. Cup-shaped transverse b. Compression c. Spiral d. Greenstick
answer
Cup-shaped transverse
question
Which of the following is NOT helpful to the death investigator compiling a life history? a. Decedent's biological sex b. Decedent's mortuary history c. Decedent's last meal d. Decedent's cause and manner of death
answer
Decedent's last meal
question
Which of the following statements is true of cremation? a. Typical cremains still contain organic components b. Cremation exposes remains to high temperatures in a volatile environment c. After cooling, no further processing is done to the remains d. As of 2012, only about 5% of deaths were cremated in the U.S.
answer
Cremation exposes remains to high temperatures in a volatile environment
question
It is important to have an anthropologist help in the recovery of charred and calcined bone because
answer
An anthropologist is trained in osteology and can recognize small fragments among similar-colored debris
question
The process of deciding which remains in a mass disaster have the most likelihood of resulting in a personal identification is known as what?
answer
Triage
question
What skill is a forensic anthropologist most likely to bring to mass disaster response that other specialists may lack?
answer
The ability to identify burned and fragmented human remains
question
Which of the following statements is true of mass disaster response? a. Whether the remains are predominately fragmentary or whole has no bearing on the role of DNA analysis in mass personal identification b. Potential health and occupational hazards are never a concern c. Whether the event was 'open' or 'closed' is irrelevant when estimating the size and scope of the recovery d. They often involve the use of multi-disciplinary teams
answer
They often involve the use of multi-disciplinary teams
question
In a mass fatality incident, the job of the forensic anthropologist is to
answer
Aid in identifying individuals
question
The following question is useful in planning for a response to a mass disaster: a. Does the event involve an 'open' or 'closed' population? b. Did the disaster result in complete or fragmented remains? c. Will every individual or fragment be identified? d. What will happen to the remains that are not identified? e. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
Which of the following statements is true of mass disaster response involving man-made disasters? a. In addition to providing evidence of personal identification, anthropological analysis may supplement other evidence relating to a criminal investigation b. Case numbers are never assigned to human remains, because they may cause confusion among investigators of different disciplines and consume valuable time c. Anthropologists are never called upon to testify in mass disaster cases d. Trauma analysis is not usually performed because the cause and manner of death is obvious is almost every case
answer
In addition to providing evidence of personal identification, anthropological analysis may supplement other evidence relating to a criminal investigation
question
What is the most important task to perform immediately following a mass disaster?
answer
Getting aid and relief to surviving victims
question
Mass fatality incidents differ from normal casework because
answer
They usually entail remains from a 'closed' population.
question
Hurricane Katrina differed from the World Trade Center because
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Most of the remains were intact versus fragmentary.
question
"Commingled" describes remains that are
answer
From greater than one individual but found in association
question
Which of the following would avail a student hoping to start a career as a forensic anthropologist? a. Participation within a professional organization (e.g., AAFS) b. Getting good grades and applying to top Universities for an advanced degree c. Writing a broad-based Ph.D. dissertation that is applicable to physical anthropology in general, and to forensic anthropology in particular d. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
How does the anthropological investigation of war crimes differ from normal anthropological casework? a. The safety of the anthropologists may be at risk b. The anthropologists may be working for the UN, rather than a Medical Examiner or Coroner c. The anthropologists are not called upon to generate biological profiles d. All of the above e. A and B
answer
A and B
question
Victims of human rights violations include victims of a. War Crimes b. Genocide c. Terrorism d. The Guatemalan military and civil patrols (ca. 1960's) e. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
During the analysis of victims of mass graves, a forensic anthropologist may find a. Gunshot wounds to the back of the head b. Civilian clothing c. Ligatures around the hands or feet d. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
The newly formed Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) integrates the following formerly separate offices: a. Defense POW/Missing Personnel Office b. Life Sciences Equipment Laboratory c. Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command d. POW/MIA Recovery Cell e. MIA Identification Task Force f. A, B, and C only
answer
A, B, and C only
question
Which of these is NOT part of the typical recovery team at JPAC? a. Anthropologist b. Linguist c. Photographer d. Geologist e. All of the above are part of the typical recovery team
answer
Geologist
question
The largest number of unaccounted-for personnel are from which conflict?
answer
WWII
question
Which of these is NOT a role of forensic anthropologists in human rights work? a. Locating and excavating graves b. Documenting trauma c. Determining identity of skeletal remains d. Presenting evidence in court e. Allocating money for surviving families
answer
Allocating money for surviving families
question
What is/are the anthropologist's role(s) in investigating crimes against humanity? a. Locate, recover, and identify victims b. Collect evidence that can help pathologists to determine cause and manner of death c. Report findings at tribunals, or to bereaved families d. All of the above
answer
All of the above
question
Of those Americans missing from past conflicts, most of the losses occurred in:
answer
Asia-Pacific