Mastering A&P Chapter 6 - Bones And Skeletal Tissues

Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED? sternum: long bone skull bones: flat bones tarsals: short bones femur: long bone

Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin calcitriol thyroid hormones

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone? vitamin D calcitriol thyroid hormones calcitonin

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?) increase osteoclasts increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney increase osteoblasts on bone

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels? calcitriol parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin

Osteoid-producing osteoblasts must rely upon this organelle to produce primary structures leading to the formation of collagen and calcium-binding proteins. peroxisomes ribosomes centrioles mitochondria

There are several components to a functional osteon. Changes to which of the following components would make the bones less strong overall and cause the bones to bend under a person's body weight? hydroxyapatite periosteum osteoid articular cartilage

Bones do NOT have a role in __________. support glycogen production movement fat storage blood cell formation

Which bone-forming process is shown in the figure? (Third picture) intramembranous ossification bone remodeling endochondral ossification bone fracture repair

Which structure is seen at the arrow? diaphysis periosteal bud epiphyseal plate bone collar

The arrow in the figure is pointing to which of the following structures? the epiphyseal plate a secondary ossification center a primary ossification center the articular cartilage

The structure indicated by the arrow is composed primarily of what tissue? Late stage in ossification of a long bone. hyaline cartilage mesenchyme fibrocartilage dense connective tissue

During bone growth, which event is most significant at the surface indicated by the letter B? Ossification of the epiphysis of a long bone. cell division of chondrocytes conversion of bone into cartilage calcification of the cartilage matrix formation of compact bone

During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter D? Ossification of the epiphysis of a long bone. production of hyaline cartilage bone resorption interstitial growth production of compact bone

Which of the following correctly pairs the structure at C with its primary component? endosteum; dense regular connective tissue periosteum; dense irregular connective tissue periosteum; cuboidal epithelium endosteum; areolar tissue

What material makes up most of the structure at A? hyaline cartilage dense irregular connective tissue elastic cartilage fibrocartilage

In which of the labeled parts of the adult long bone would hematopoietic tissue be located? Primary features of a long bone. A B C D E

What is the term for the layers of bony matrix surrounding the cell at A? periosteum lamellae endosteum lacunae

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________. A) fat B) blood-forming cells C) elastic tissue D) Sharpey?s fibers

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________. A) osteocyte B) osteoblast C) osteoclast D) chondrocyte

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary? A) A bone collar forms around the cartilage model. B) An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue. C) The cartilage matrix begins to deteriorate. D) A medullary cavity forms.

The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels. True or False

An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only. True or False

Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum. True or False

What is the structural unit of compact bone? canaliculus Haversian canal osteoid osteon

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________. a) cartilage and compact bone b) marrow and osteons c) osteoblasts and osteoclasts d) chondrocytes and osteocytes

Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function. True or False

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________. a) epiphysis b) metaphysis c) diaphysis d) articular cartilage

The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk. True or False

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of ________. a) cartilage and interstitial lamellae b) osteoclasts and osteoblasts c) yellow marrow and spicules d) blood vessels and nerve fibers

D The shaft of an adult long bone is composed of compact bone.

adipose tissue Yellow bone marrow within the medullary cavity is composed primarily of adipose tissue (fat).

an osteon The circular structural unit found within compact bone is termed the osteon, and consists of a central canal surrounded by layers of bone.

central (Haversian) canal A central (or Haversian) canal runs lengthwise at the center of each osteon.

Osteocytes, literally "bone cells," are the primary structural and maintenance cells found in bone.

Which description of bone cells is INCORRECT? Osteoblasts secrete collagen and calcium-binding proteins. Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts. Osteoclasts secrete digestive enzymes and hydrogen ions. Bone lining cells on the internal surfaces of bone are also called endosteal cells.

Which of the following cells are NOT matched with its appropriate function? osteoclasts; bone reabsorption osteocytes; produce new bone cells. osteoblasts create new bone matrix bone lining cells; maintain matrix

The collagen in the osteoid bone matrix makes the overall bone matrix stronger by allowing flexibility. Is this statement true or false? True False

Flat bones consist of spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone. Is this statement true or false? True False

Osteoblasts __________. maintain bone matrix break down bone form skeletal cartilage

Which of the following statements is true? Osteoclasts are important in removing calcium from the blood stream. Bone would be more brittle with more collagen in the matrix. The red marrow in the medullary cavity produces our red blood cells. Spongy bone is well adapted to accept stress in many directions, which makes it good for shock absorption.

An imbalance that activates these bone cells would lead to a loss of bone density. osteoblasts chondroblasts osteocytes osteoclasts

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the figure? the formation of bone in a preexisting cartilage model bone repair at a site of fracture the formation of bone in a membrane bone remodeling in response to changes in mechanical stress

Classify the cells seen at the arrow in A. chondroblasts osteocytes osteoclasts osteoblasts

What is the weakest part of a developing, adolescent long bone? the epiphyseal plate the medullary cavity the epiphyses the diaphysis

Which of the following statements is true? Endochondral ossification leads to the formation of the clavicles and cranial bones. Most bones in the body are formed by intramembranous ossification. Endochondral ossification converts hyaline cartilage "bone" models into true bones (i.e., hyaline cartilage serves as a template for bone formation). Endochondral ossification occurs within fibrous connective tissue membranes.

What is intramembranous ossification? the formation of bone from fibrous membranes the formation of bone from preexisting elastic cartilage models the formation of bone from preexisting hyaline cartilage models the formation of bone from preexisting fibrocartilage models

Remodeling a kitchen to add additional cabinets to existing ones also means adding extra support. In a similar respect, bone remodeling alters bone structure without adversely affecting bone strength. What divalent cation is required to create additional bone matrix support? calcium phosphate carbonate chloride

Mechanical stress on weight-bearing bones plays a large part in bone remodeling. What single factor plays the largest role in maintaining adequate bone strength? cartilage vitamin E gravity bone length