Chapter 6,8.9 practice quiz: Biology

25 July 2022
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question
Which of the following is CORRECTLY paired? smooth muscle: striated skeletal muscle: voluntary control cardiac muscle: voluntary control cardiac muscle: nonstriated
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skeletal muscle: voluntary control
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Hyaline cartilage ________. forms "shock-absorbing" pads between the vertebrae gives shape to the external ear is the rarest of the skeletal cartilages is found on the ends of bones that form movable joints
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is found on the ends of bones that form movable joints
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When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called ________. calcification hematopoiesis appositional growth interstitial growth
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interstitial growth
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Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth? the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage along the edges only of existing osteons, making each osteon larger the lengthening of hyaline cartilage growth at the epiphyseal plate
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the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
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The axial skeleton includes the ________. hip bones bones of the legs ribs bones of the arms
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ribs
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Hematopoiesis is a term for which of the following physiological processes? blood cell formation release of minerals into the blood energy storage in fat tissue bone formation during growth
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blood cell formation
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Bones do NOT have a role in ________. blood cell formation glycogen production fat storage support movement
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glycogen production
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Which of the following is stored in bones? glycogen calcitonin phosphate vitamin C iodine
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phosphate
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Which hormone is produced in bone and regulates bone formation, but also protects against diabetes mellitus? leptin calcitonin osteocalcin growth hormone
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osteocalcin
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Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? communication houses the bone marrow which produces blood cells (hematopoiesis) support storage of minerals
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communication
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Which description of bone cells is INCORRECT? Osteoblasts secrete collagen and calcium-binding proteins. Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts. Osteoclasts secrete digestive enzymes and hydrogen ions. Bone lining cells on the internal surfaces of bone are also called endosteal cell
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osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts
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Osteoclasts ________. calcify bone matrix form new bone break down bone form skeletal cartilage
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break down bone
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In adults, yellow marrow is located ________. in the medullary cavity of long bones in the epiphyseal plates of long bones primarily in flat bones in the central canals of osteons
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in the medullary cavity of long bones
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The resilience of bone is primarily due to which of the following? amount of mineral salt and protein in the bone sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules amount of mineral salts in the bone presence of osteoblasts in the bone
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sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules
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The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress? irregular bone spongy bone trabecular bone compact bone
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compact bone
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The term diploë refers to the ________. two types of marrow found within most bones fact that most bones are formed of two types of bone tissue internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone
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internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
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The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________. Volkmann's canals a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage the struts of bone known as spicules perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
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the struts of bone known as spicules perforating(sharpeys) fibers
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What is osteoid? the inorganic part of the matrix of bone the outer surface of bone one of the cell types found in bone the organic part of the matrix of bone
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the organic part of the matrix of bone
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The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels. True False
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false
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What is the structural unit of compact bone? canaliculus osteon haversian canal osteoid
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osteon
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Which bone cells form bone? osteoclasts osteoblasts chondroblasts osteocytes
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osteoblasts
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Choose the TRUE statement. Endochondral ossification leads to the formation of the clavicles and cranial bones. Most bones in the body are formed by intramembranous ossification. Endochondral ossification converts hyaline cartilage "bone" models into true bones (i.e., hyaline cartilage serves as a template for bone formation). Endochondral ossification occurs within fibrous connective tissue membranes.
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Endochondral ossification converts hyaline cartilage "bone" models into true bones (i.e., hyaline cartilage serves as a template for bone formation).
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During infancy and childhood, the most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate activity is ________. estrogen testosterone growth hormone the thyroid hormones
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growth hormone
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Ossification of the ends of long bones ________. is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formation involves medullary cavity formation takes twice as long as diaphysis ossification is produced by secondary ossification centers
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is produced by secondary ossification centers
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What tissue forms the model for endochondral ossification? bone cartilage fascia membranes
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cartilage
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What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause? inadequate calcification of bone decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage decreased osteoclast activity increased osteoclast activity
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decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
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Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces? epiphyseal plate Haversian system lacunae epiphyseal line
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epiphyseal plate
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Cranial bones develop ________. within osseous membranes from cartilage models within fibrous membranes from a tendon
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within fibrous membrane
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Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling? low blood Ca2+ concentration mechanical stress glucagon parathyroid hormone
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glucagon
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Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched? nondisplaced fracture: the fractured bone ends are misaligned compound fracture: the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin incomplete fracture: the bone is broken through linear fracture: the break is perpendicular to the bone's long axis
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compound fracture: the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin
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Hypercalcemia can be caused by_________. insufficient vitamin D levels in the body hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone reduced parafollicular cell activity All of the listed responses are correct.
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hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone reduced parafollicular cell activity
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Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? estrogen calcitonin thyroxine parathyroid hormone
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parathyroid hormone
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Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? stem cell osteocyte osteoblast osteoclast
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osteoclasts
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What controls bone remodeling? the nervous system and hormones hormones and diet mechanical stress and hormones mechanical stress and diet
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mechanical stress and hormones
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Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of ________. potassium, phosphate, and vitamin D calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D sodium, calcium, and vitamin E vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
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calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
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Functional classification of joints is based on ________. the size of the joint the location of the joint the amount of movement allowed by the joint whether a joint cavity is present
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the amount of movement allowed by the joint
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In the classification of joints, which of the following is true? Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. All synovial joints are freely movable. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses. In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
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all synovial joints are freely movable
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Which of the following refers to a joint that is immovable? amphiarthrosis diarthrosis synarthrosis synovial
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synarthrosis
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All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight. True False
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false
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The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity. True False
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true
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A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint. gomphosis synchondrosis syndesmosis suture
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gomphosis
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On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue? syndesmosis pivot synchondrosis symphysis
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syndesmosis
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Fibrous joints are classified as ________. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
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sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
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An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________. the radius and ulna along its length between the humerus and the glenoid cavity the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends between the vertebrae
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the radius and ulna along its length
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Which of the following are CORRECTLY paired? gomphoses: articulating bones are separated by a fluid containing cavity synchondrosis: a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones syndesmoses: bony edges interlock suture: bones connected exclusively by ligaments
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synchondrosis: a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones
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A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________. syndesmosis suture symphysis gomphosis
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symphysis
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Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? Sutures Gomphoses Syndesmoses Synchondroses
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synchondroses
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Which of the following statements defines synchondroses? joints that permit angular movements interphalangeal joints amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
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cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
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Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths? Bursae are only found in synovial joints, while tendon sheaths are only found in fibrous joints. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. Bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid altogether. Bursae serve as cushioning fat pads between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths reduce friction between adjacent structures.
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Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons.
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Synovial fluid does NOT ________. prevent the articulating bones from dislocating reduce friction between the articular cartilages contain phagocytic cells nourish the cartilage cells in the joint
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prevent the articulating bones from dislocating
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The synovial membrane ________. lines the inside of the fibrous joint capsule reinforces the joints so that the opposing bones are not pulled apart functions as a cushion between opposing bones covers and protects the articulating bone surfaces
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lines the inside of the fibrous joint capsule
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to joint stability? amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity number and positioning of reinforcing ligaments shape of the articulating surfaces
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amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity