Chapter 6 Quiz A&P

Correctly label the following anatomical parts of a long bone.

Correctly label the following parts of bone cells.

Osteogenic cells:

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

__________ is/are found in compact bone, but not spongy bone.

Elongation of bones is accomplished via __________ growth.

Growth in the epiphyseal plate adds to the _______ of a bone until the plate is depleted in early adulthood.

The ___________ ________ is a layer of hyaline cartilage with a metaphysis on each side.

When the cartilage is depleted, the epiphyseal plates ______ and the bone can get no longer.

The internal mark in the bone left behind by the closed epiphyseal plate is called the ___________ ______.

The most active form of ___________ is called calcitriol.

Osteoblastic activity in children is stimulated by the hormone ____________..

When blood calcium levels drop, glands embedded in the posterior thyroid secrete _________ hormone, which stimulates osteoclastic activity..

The hormone _______ influences both resorption and deposition of bone.

Vitamin D stimulates absorption of dietary calcium from the __________ system.

Any break in a bone is called a __________ and repair is done in stages by the body.

A __________ will form and will turn into granulation tissue at the site of injury.

Depositions of collagen and fibrocartilage will then turn the tissue into a soft _______..

_________ deposit a temporary bony collar around the fracture while ossification occurs.

The process finishes with bone ___________ converting spongy to compact bone.

What is the process of healing a break in the bone?

The bones of the skeleton provide structure to the body and serve as a _________ to hold up the body and maintain proper positioning of some organs.

The skull, pelvis, ribs, vertebral column, and sternum provide __________ to many delicate organs of the body by encasing them in hardened, shell-like or caged structures.

The __________ of the entire skeleton or skeletal elements utilizes the anchoring of muscles to attachment sites on the bones, which then serve as levers.

Minerals can be stored in the skeleton, which acts as a reservoir, storing or releasing minerals as needed to maintain __________ __________ throughout the body.

The storage or release of buffering compounds works to aid the body in ______ _____ balance.

Contained within the spongy sections of bones, red bone marrow is responsible for _____________.

Which of the following is not a component of the skeletal system?

The skeletal system helps maintain acid-base balance by __________.

If the __________ component of bone is not in adequate amounts, the flexibility of bone will be compromised.

Mineralization is a process that extracts __________ and __________ from the blood plasma and deposits it into bone.

The __________ contains hydrogen pumps that lead to the formation of hydrochloric acid, which is used to dissolve bone minerals in a process called __________.

During the healing of a bone fracture, a hard callus is formed by ___________.

A __________ fracture is one in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces.

Correctly label the following anatomical parts of osseous tissue.

Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.

A vertebra is considered a long bone.

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines.

The hemopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.

Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on osteoblasts.

Hypercalcemia is rare, but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of conditions.

Osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature, which is called kyphosis.

Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?

Osseous tissue is a(an) ____________ tissue.

Which of the following tissues is not found as part of a long bone?

The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the __________.

The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the __________.

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the __________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the __________.

When ____________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____________.

Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?

Spicules and trabeculae are found in __________.

The hardness of bone comes from __________, whereas __________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.

What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?

Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is __________, which is replaced by bone.

Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition, in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the __________.

Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as __________.

Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of __________.

The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as _________.

Which of the following exemplifies a positive feedback process happening in bone mineral deposition?

Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except __________.

Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except _________

Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, _________ is important to the deposition of bone.

Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates __________ secretion, which leads to __________.

Hypocalcemia can cause __________.

Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means __________.

A soft callus forms during ___________.

Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of ___________, which would otherwise inhibit ____________.

The result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called __________ in children and __________ in adults.

Bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called __________.

A break in a bone that is already weakened by some other disease is called a(n) __________ fracture.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called __________, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called __________.

The most common bone disease is __________.

Red bone marrow is important in the production of new bone cells.