APUSH Chapter 23-Chapter 26

The South gets split in 5 districts.

Guaranteed equal accomodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection basically enforcing the government 14th amendment.

Gave blacks legislatures and governor.

Cause: Presidential election of 1876 and reconstruction Effect: (North) makes Hayes president (South) reconstruction ends northern troops left

People who wanted to bring back slavery

Sharecroppers borrowed land, cropped but only received a share of the harvest, gets in debt as time passes and can't leave the plantation without paying.

-rent the land -choose what to plant and when to work

A credit system run by store owners/plantation owners to small farmers for food and supplies and in return too a lien on their harvest.

Legos codes of segregation.

A group of Christians that showed terror and violence towards blacks.

States have a different citizenship and they can discriminate. The 14th amendment doesnt protect state citizenship.

1. Civil Rights Acts is unconstitutional 2.The 14th amendment can't be used to make laws 3. Federal government can't stop states from passing discriminating laws.

In 1890, Louisiana passed a law to require passengers to provide separate cars for blacks and whites. Homer Plessy was segregated but refused to move to a different train because he was black and got arrested. John H. Ferguson, the judge said segregation is ok.

When the vote to vote is denied, in this case to blacks.

Blacks couldn't vote because of their color and because they couldn't read or right.

Pay $10 to vote and the other ten dollars you owed.

If you couldn't read the constitution, but your grandfather voted then you were able to vote.

Blacks couldn't vote in a primary election. This was when Republicans went against Democrats.

Believed that blacks should achieve industrial and farming skills to win the respect of whites.

Washington borrowed money from Hampton's Institute treasurer and purchased a 100-acre plantation on the outskirts of Tuskegee. This institite offered training in many skilled trades like carpentry, cabinetmaking, printing, shoemaking, etc...

This was a famous speech given by Brooker T. Washington in 1895 in Atlanta when he assured Whites that he would not do anything to challenge White supremacy.

Believed that industrial education was not a true graduation from the grasp of slavery, which would prove to be a direct contradiction to Washington's teachings.

Second chapter of DuBois 1903 book The Negro Problem that argued that the best and brightest African Americans, the talented ten percent, must be afforded higher education if progress is to make.

DuBois was among the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.The main obligation off this organization was to eradicate the existence of racial discrimination. It was initially formed in America in the year 1909. It also ensured that all the people got equal political social and economic rights.

Added all the money of the people in congress. Elect rich to be in congress. Rich more rich and poor gets more poor.

Robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues. IRS collects money from tax. IRS steals money and not all money is given to the federal government. Whiskey distealers also get money back.

Fake construction company that had workers who paid for themselves more than they were suppost to to steal the federate money. Congressman had stocks in this company too.

A group of people controlling a city. One boss and a group of people control the city by voting.

Ran New York City.

Came up with political cartoons to show that Tweed was corrupt so immigrants could understand.

Tried cornering the market by buying all the gold and selling it for a higher price to the public on "Black Friday." Grant convinces the Treasury to stop selling gold but the Treasury kept selling gold since they founf out that Grant was scamming them.

Put your friends in government positions even if they are not capable of doing them.

Becomes president but gets assasinated for not giving a job to a man under the "spoils system."

Stalwarts were led by the Roscoe conkling,U.S. Senator who embraced the time-honored system of swapping civil-service jobs for votes. Half-Breeds were led by James G. Blaine of Mainne who flirted avoided with the civil service reform.

Dispensed with the earlier ules of secrecy and commited the organization to seeking the eight-hour day, abolition of child labor, equal pay for equal work, and political reforms including the graducated income tax.

Begun at a conference in Baltimore in 1866. The organization was a pioneering coalition of trade unionists, feminists, and social reformers, oriented toward changing the American political and economic systems. In 1868, William Sylvis, leader of the Iron Molder's International Union, was elected as its first president.

The American Federation of Labor was a "union of unions." Founded in 1886, the A.F. of L. was the largest labor organization in the United States in 1912. Its president was Samuel Gompers (a Dutch-Jewish immigrant who was a cigar maker by trade). Gompers sought to strengthen the union movement more generally by winning "bread and butter" gains--better hours--especially the 8 hour day and the 48 hour work week--better wages, and better working conditions.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began on July 17, 1877, in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Workers for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad went on strike, because the company had reduced workers' wages twice over the previous year. The strikers refused to let the trains run until the most recent pay cut was returned to the employees.By the end of August 1877, the strike had ended primarily due to federal government intervention, the use of state militias, and the employment of strikebreakers by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company. The Great Railroad Strike was typical of most strikes during this era. The availability of laborers and government support for businesses limited workers' ability to gain concessions from their employers.

The Homestead strike, 1892, in Homestead, Pennsylvania, pitted one of the most powerful new corporations, Carnegie Steel Company, against the nation's strongest trade union, the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. An 1889 strike had won the steelworkers a favorable three-year contract; now Andrew Carnegie was determined to break the union. His plant manager, Henry Clay Frick, stepped up production demands, and when the union refused to accept the new conditions, Frick began locking the workers out of the plant; on July 2 all were discharged. The union, limited to skilled tradesmen, represented less than one-fifth of the thirty-eight hundred workers at the plant, but the rest voted overwhelmingly to join the strike. The strike lost momentum and ended on November 20, 1892. With the Amalgamated Association virtually destroyed, Carnegie Steel moved quickly to institute longer hours and lower wages. The Homestead strike inspired many workers, but it also underscored how difficult it was for any union to prevail against the combined power of the corporation and the government.

Haymarket Square riot, outbreak of violence in Chicago on May 4, 1886. Demands for an eight-hour working day became increasingly widespread among American laborers in the 1880s. A demonstration, largely staged by a small group of anarchists, caused a crowd of some 1,500 people to gather at Haymarket Square. When policemen attempted to disperse the meeting, a bomb exploded and the police opened fire on the crowd. Seven policemen and four other persons were killed, and more than 100 persons were wounded. Public indignation rose rapidly, and punishment was demanded. Eight anarchist leaders were tried, but no evidence was produced that they had made or thrown the bomb. They were, however, convicted of inciting violence, although no evidence was presented that they knew the bomber, who was never discovered. Four were hanged, one committed suicide, and the remaining three—after having served in prison for seven years—were pardoned (1893) by John P. Altgeld, governor of Illinois, on the ground that the trial had been patently unjust. The incident was frequently used by the adversaries of organized labor to discredit the waning Knights of Labor movement.

the Pullman Strike began May 11, 1894, with a walkout by Pullman Palace Car Company factory workers after negotiations over declining wages failed. These workers appealed for support to the American Railway Union (ARU), which argued unsuccessfully for arbitration. On June 20, the ARU gave notice that beginning June 26 its membership would no longer work trains that included Pullman cars. The boycott, although centered in Chicago, crippled railroad traffic nationwide, until the federal government intervened in early July, first with a comprehensive injunction essentially forbidding all boycott activity and then by dispatching regular soldiers to Chicago and elsewhere. While the use of an injunction for such purposes, upheld by the Supreme Court in 1895, was a setback for unionism, and while most public sentiment was against the boycott, George Pullman attracted broad criticism and his workers wide sympathy.

-raw materials -capital/entrepreuners -labor/factories/urban -energy source -trasnportation -new inventions -market -avertisements -communication

made the steel-making faster and cheaper

steel and oil became to be the raw materials that were started to be dependent on

for every mile of track laid the government gives money or land

When there was the competition on whether the union or central pacific built the first railroad east to west.

Used the steel-making operation and used vertical integration

Created his oil companu so others went to him to remove impurities and used horizontal integration.

East coast railroad guy

Financial investor and banker.

when you control from where it starts to where it ends; selling

buy plantations so that people go to you.

-no ventilation, loud, poor light -work in factories -visibility/hearing poor -

Book wrotten By Upton Sinclair to describe the working conditions

-suffer nativism -live in ghettos -clothes,language,food different -

-catholic/Jewish -Catholics didn't want their kids going to American schools -Catholics make schools

an area of town dominated by one ethnic group

a low income rundown wooden building, many floors house -no bathroom in room, no fans, no electricity -fires start quickly

tuberculosis, small pox

-subways -cable cars -troyleys

Book written by Jacob Riis about the living conditions in tenements.

Stop chinese immigration to U.S.

Protect America from immigrants. Know Nothing Party against immigrants.

To get Japanese out.

Rich people are better, the poor are weak.

Its ok to get rich but give to society.

Dance to have spirits wipe out whites.

Middle class white women to assimilate immigrants.

General idea to think what Jesus would do in your place.

Farmers get together to help each other.

Congress passes this to give the federal government the power to regulate railroads if they cross one state to another.

State laws regulating railroads is unconstitutional.

Economic movement. Groups of farmer get together to form coaps.

States have right to regulate railroads.

-wanted to regulate railroads -wanted direct election of senators -wanted money based on gold and silver -wanted income tax -wanted fair prices for things and a decent amount of things for their work -wanted unions to be legal

Are republicans and urban people who wanted our money based on gold.

Are farmers and miners who wanted our money based on gold and silver.

Federal government buys more silver.

Federal government needs to buy silver.