APUSH AP EXAM

majority of migrants who moves there were indentured servants, economy based on tobacco, few women, less democratic

the belief that God had created the world but allowed it to operate through the laws of nature

african americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start a new in Kansas (west)

term used by southerners in the reconstruction era for fellow southerners who either supported republican reconstruction policies or gained economically as a result of these policies, A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

recovering from the devastation from the Civil War, promoted a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation--supported expansion of southern industry

policy that China should be open to trade with all of the major powers, including the US, should have equal rights to trade there. This was the official position toward China as announced by secretary of state john hay in 1899. To protect US economic interests in China

political party of the 1870s and early 1800s, supported that govt should put more money in circulation and supported 8-hr work day and female suffrage. received support from farmers. argued that more greenbacks should be put in circulation to help farmers who were in debt

3rd party that gained popularity in the early 1900s. dedicated to the welfare of the working class. called for more radical reforms than the progressives favored: public ownership of the railroad, utilities, and even major industries such as oil and steel

called for reforming city government, better conditions for urban workers, the education of newly arrived immigrants, and the regulation of big businesses; use government power to regulate industrial production and labor conditions

related to the fear of communism and radicalism; part of the red scare; measure to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American Security. These raids let to the arrest of nearly 5,000 people and the deportation of nearly 400

1962 book that helped launch the national environmental movement

an effort to maintain a balance between free and slave states; admitted Maine to the Union as a free state, Missouri to the Union as a slave stated, and stated that any part of the Louisiana Territory north of 36 degrees, 30 minutes would be non-slave territory; a victory for antislavery advocates b/c it closed most of the Louisiana Purchase to slavery

maintained that European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas; stated that the Western Hemisphere was the hemisphere of the US and not of Europe

wrote the frontier thesis which states that the frontier experience played an essential role in shaping the unique character of American society. It promotes independence and individualism. It was a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy

Emerson and Thoreau. Argued for a mystical and intuitive way of thinking as a means for discovering one's inner self and looking for the essence of God in nature. Suggesting that artistic expression was more important than the pursuit of wealth

late 19th century; preaching that all true Christians should be concerned with the plight of immigrants and other poor residents of American cities and should financially support efforts to improve the lives o there poor people---> settlement houses

involved in the reform movements of the late 19th and 20th centuries for publicizing poor housing and sanitation in urban tenements; wrote "How the Other Half Lives"

Conflict between the US and Soviet Union over Soviet missiles discovered in Cuba; Soviets eventually removed the missiles under American pressure; result: Soviets gained none of their objectives while the US emerged victorious

limited the powers of labor unions; presidents of some industries can declare an 80-day cooling off period before a strike could actually take place; allowed owners to sure unions over broken contracts and forced union leaders to sign anticommunist oaths

emphasized developing a greater sense of Black nationalism and solidarity; protect blacks from police harassment; promoted militant black power;

also emphasized developing a greater sense of Black nationalism and solidarity; preached Islamic principles along with black pride and black separatism

result: tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed; led to a decline in white indentured servitude and rise in black slavery; highlighted problems such as: class differences between wealthy planters and landless or poor farmers & colonial resistance to royal control; signaled that colonial governors struggled to contain domestic unrest

economic plan promoted by the Speaker of the House; promoted vigorous growth of the American economy and the use of protective tariffs to encourage Americans to buy more domestic goods; a key purpose: to develop a national economy by improving transportation; consisted of 3 parts (BIT: nation Bank, Internal improvements, protective Tariffs

head of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; argued that blacks' needs for education an economic progress were important; blacks should concentrate on learning industrial skills for better wages; work on securing their economic base

Member of the House, senator and Governor of the state of Wisconsin, he brought about many democratic reforms in the state's politics, including the nomination of candidates by direct vote and the regulation of railroad rates. He also introduced the idea of direct appeal to the electorate on questions of policy, called the referendum.

principal public opponent of lynching in the South

weakens the protections given to African Americans under the 14th amendment; court ruled that congress could not legislate against the racial discrimination practiced by private citizens which included: railroads, hotels, and other businesses used by the public;

also weakened the protections black were given under the 14th amendment; the 15th and 14th amendments do not guarantee federal protection of individual rights against discrimination by their own state governments-distinction between state citizenship and national citizenship

Republican political activists who bolted from the United States Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate James G. Blaine.

believed in Charles Darwin's philosophy of evolution; stated that people inevitable compete with each other as well as societies; "survival of the fittest" occurs; was used to justify the vast differences between the rich and the poor

eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals; designed to break up Native American tribes

result: a shift of African American voters from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party; Roosevelt (Democrat) vs. Landon (Republican) Af. Ams. supported Roosevelt because they likes his New Deal program

a success: passage of the Alliance for Progress to provide economic aid for Latin America; Peace Corps; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty; (1961-1963)

black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem; celebrated and lamented black life in America; key figures: James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Josephine Baker

was in trouble due to the taking of American hostages in Iran; very informal; panama canal treaty signed; Camp Davis Accords; Iran Hostage Crisis; "Stagflation"; Diplomatic relations with communist China, which ends the recognition of Taiwan (1977-1981)

stated that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of sex"; did not get passed; Phyllis Schlafly greatly opposed this legislation and campaigned against its ratification; Alice Paul heavily advocated this amendment

a leader in the women's right movement; advocated equal rights amendment

Soviets launching Sputnik; Egypt seizing the Suez Canal; Soviets shooting down an American U-2 spy plane; castro gaining control of cuba

causing conflict, opposition

Syrians and Egyptians launched a surprise attack on Isral in an attempt to recover the lands lost in the 6 Day War of 1967 and Nixon send in US Nuclear Forces and sent in almost $2 billion dollars worth of forces; led to an energy crisis sparked by OPEC's embargo of oil to the Western world; led to US's economy to suffer greatly

led to formation of the Ku Klux Klan

slaves participated in this rebellion in hopes to flee to Florida where the Spanish offered freedom; largest slave rebellion of the 1700s; impact: harsher treatment to slaves by owners and more restriction

a key diplomatic achievement: a visit to China in February 1972; Watergate scandal; Detente (foreign policy aimed at reducing cold war friction between the US and Soviet Union); Vietnam War, Vietnamization; Woodstock; EPA established; 26th amendment; Visit to China; Visit to Russia; Energy Crisis (OPEC); "Silent Majority" Warren Burger (1969-1974)

Treaty between Egypt and Israel brokered by Carter and signed in 1979; Israel agreed to give back territory in the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, while Egypt agreed to recognize Israel's right to exist as a nation

proposed efforts by the US to block the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence

These policies combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side tax cuts, and domestic budget cutting. Their goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth. Encourage private investment through tax cuts for businesses and the wealthy; impact: left more money in the hands of investors and higher income decreased welfare state; "trickle down" economy, wealthy Americans would prosper and some of their increased profits and spending would benefit the middle class and the poor

significant because it authorized the president to take any measure necessary to repel attacks against the US forces and allies in Southeast Asia (Vietnam); gave too much power to president without congressional oversight

1968: appealed to many middle class voters upset by the civil disobedience associated with the Civil Rights and antiwar demonstrations

1763: major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier; native Americans were angered by the increase in European settlers in the west; British wouldn't offer gifts like the French did; destroyed forts and settlements from NY to VA; British sent in troops to break up this rebellion

resulted in the successful expulsion of Europeans from the upper Rio grande region of north america for nearly a decade;

a.k.a Metacom, united many tribes in Southern New England against the English settlers, who were constantly trespassing on the Native Americans' lands; a very vicious war with casualties on both sides; colonial forces eventually killed King Phillip and end this resistance

Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed

The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River

in response to: communist uprising in Greece and Soviet demands for land control of Turkey; prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression; stated that the US would be ready to assist and free nation trying to defend itself against "armed minorities or outside pressures";

1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique," which arugued that women experienced a discrepancy between the reality and the public image of their lives.; best known for her criticism of traditional gender roles

1600s and 1700s: guaranteed that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports

allowed some to speak publicly in religious meetings and become missionaries; believed in equality between men and women; believed that religious authority could be found in each person's private soul and not in the Bible or any outside source; these views were very radical at that time and challenged authority so they were often persecuted and jailed for their beliefs

limited western expansion of colonial settlement;

led to the birth of gay rights organizations around the country

establish immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the US in 1890; lowered immigration to 2% of each nationality as found in the 1890 census; lowered immigration dramatically; almost eliminated immigration from Easter and Southern Europe

New Deal program that began in 1933; put nearly 3 million young men at work; paid very little but worked on conservation projects such as maintaining beaches and parks

1933 New Deal legislation; created the WPA (Work Progress Administration) which created jobs to put people back to work right away. Created the NRA who worked in the conjunction with industry to bolster the industrial sector and create more long lasting jobs

Part of the 1935 Wagner Act; ensured that factory owners did not harass union organizers; ensured that collective bargaining was fairly practiced in labor disputes; supervised union elections

advocated individual and racial pride for African Americans and developed political ideas of black nationalism; establish an organization for black separatism. economic self sufficiency, and back to Africa movement (back to Africa movement was not very successful)

granted citizenship for African Americans

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

process that began with Nixon; process of removing American troops from Vietnam and turning more of the fighting of the Vietnam war over to the South Vietnamese; Nixon continued to use intense bombing to help South Vietnam

in 1968, a unit under the command of Lieut. Calley killed over 300 men. women, and children in a small Vietnamese village; this anti- war movement took the attack as a symbol of the "immorality" of US efforts in Vietnam

after the French were defeated in Vietnam, a series of agreement made in 1954 temporarily divided Vietnam into 2 parts and promised nationwide elections within 2 years; to prevent communism gaining control. the US installed a friendly government in South Vietnam and saw that the reunification elections never took place;

1863. Riots were led mostly by irish immigrants angry about the draft, many people died, including a lot of lynched blacks.

the purpose was to finance economic reconstruction of Western Europe; plan announced in 1947 whereby the US would help to economically rebuild Europe after the war; introduces the plan so that communism would not spread across war-torn Europe and bring other European countries in to the communist camp

mostly regarding about protective tariffs;

COURT CASE WHERE THE SUPREME COURT HELD THAT WHILE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION SYSTEMS ARE CONSTITUTIONAL A QUOTA SYSTEM BASE ON RACE IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL; dealt with the constitutionality of policies made to correct racial injustice

ended the ethnic quota acts of the 1920s favoring Europeans and thereby opened the US to immigrants from all parts of the world

demanded economic relief; a march to Washington and demanded that the federal government spend $500 million on public works programs to create jobs; most protesters were arrested

Also demanded economic relief; WWI veterans marched to Washington to demain immediate payment of the bonuses that were promised to them initially but were never given; Hoover sent trips in order to break up this protest

early 1820s; promoted colonization in Africa by free Black persons and former slaves

advocated other women to join the labor force; A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

goal was to mobilize popular support for WWI; ran by George Creel;

American abolitionist and feminist. Born into slavery, she escaped in 1827 and became a leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women., United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)

foreign policy of Taft; favored increased American investment in the world as the major method for increasing American influence and stability abroad

1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies. ends in 1763

(GW) In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

a business owned by one person

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Followers of a religion founded by John Calvin of Geneva. The religion features the idea of predestination. Calvinist teachings becme the basis of the religions of the North American settlers.

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

(WMc) , The treaty that concluded the Spanish American War, Commissioners from the U.S. were sent to Paris on October 1, 1898 to produce a treaty that would bring an end to the war with Spain after six months of hostilitiy. From the treaty America got Guam, Puerto Rico and they paid 20 million dollars for the Philipines. Cuba was freed from Spain.

Amendment that said the U.S. would help Cuba in its war of independence and would be free after.

admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state; imaginary line divided the country and where slaves were allowed; 1. Maine comes in as a free state 2. Missouri comes in as a slave state 3. Slavery would not be allowed in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase except Missouri would be allowed above the 36 30 line/ kept the nation together

It was a new tariff proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff of 1816 This compromise avoided civil war and prolonged the union for another 30 years; , Taken on by Henry Clay, the legislature lowered tariffs over the course of several years giving the Southerners the relief they demanded and the while maintaining moderate protectionism and allowing northern manufacturers time to adjust to the lower rates.

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

(1903) treaty that granted the US land to build the Panama canal in exchange for $10 million and annual payments to Panama. Occurred shortly after Panama's independence.

This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

A pamphlet published by the South Carolina legislature, written by John C. Calhoun. It spoke against the "Tariff of Abominations," and proposed nullification of the tariff. Calhoun wished to use nullification to prevent secession, yet address the grievances of sectionalist Southerners. These sectionalist ideas helped lead to the Civil War.

- US would interne in Middle East if any government threatened by a communist takeover asked for help; arrest the spread of communism in the middle east

1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France; 3 C's: Consumer Protection, Control of Corps, and Conservation; Muckrakers; Gentleman's Agreement with Japan

1862; A complicated route to capture Richmond that McClellan thought would circumvent the Confederate defenses. The navy would carry his troops down the Potomac to a peninsula east of Richmond, between the York and James Rivers; the army would approach the city from there.

dismissal of independent special prosecutor Archibald Cox, and the resignations of Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus during the Watergate scandal 1973

Dispute over the toll bridge of Charles River and the free bridge of Warren. The court ruled in favor of Warren. Reversed Dartmouth College v. Woodward; property rights can be overridden by public need; expanded economic opportunity and the powers of a state government

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence; led to he demise of the Federalists

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee; decline of this idea came after his televised hearings with the Army

those accused of crimes were entitled to a lawyer even if they could not afford one

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.

A highly successful banker who bought out Carnegie. With Carnegie's holdings and some others, he launched U.S Steel and made it the first billion dollar corporation.

A convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation, attended by five states and important because it issued the call to Congress and the states for what became the Constitutional Convention

A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.

1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment; demonstrated that the US was no closer to ending the Vietnam War

refers to the Texas to the Dakotas area; , A nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930s

1980 and 1984; Republican; "Reagan Revolution": reduce reliance on government; Reagonomics: supply-side, laissez-faire, send troops to Grenada, escalated the Cold War: "rollback" of communism, Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars); War on Drugs, Iran-Contra affair, second term-ended cold war ("tear down this wall" (Berlin Wall); strategic defense initiative "Star Wars": intented to use lasers and satellites to counter Soviet nuclear weapons was proposed by this president; INF treaty with Soviet Union; Culture war: religious right (1981-1989)

(JFK) 1961,, a program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems, money used to aid big business and the military

In 1911 the tragic fire killed 146 people, mostly women because the owner kept the stairway doors locked to prevent theft, following stricter building acts and factory codes, and worker insurance

(RR) Americans kidnapped in Beirut by Iranian govt, so deal, scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected, Poindexter and North involved

An economic pact that combined the conomies of the United States, Canada, and Mexico into one of the world's largest trading blocs.

1965; invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks; as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives, it brought jobs, contracts, and facilities and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality and decreasing the wealth and education gap; passed during the administration of Lyndon B.. Johnson

The Cold War; The Great Society; Anti-poverty Act; Medicare; Affirmative Action; Income Tax Cut; Warren Court; Voting Rights Act of 1965; Civil Rights Act of 1964 (1963-1969)

A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older

A public assistance program designed to provide healthcare to poor Americans.

(TR) , Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic

A phrase used to describe people, whatever their economic status, who uphold traditional values, especially against the counterculture of the 1960s

Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms; EX: government would manipulate money in circulation to promote or slow the pace of economic growth

In November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage. The Carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages release. On January 20, 1981, the day Carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 444 days in captivity.

The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States.

Idea authored by Stephen Douglas that claimed slavery could only exist when popular sovereignty said so

Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President.

(1804-1838) The chief leader of the Seminoles that was seized by the American field commander. The war between the Seminoles and the Americans dragged on for five more years, but in the end, the seminoles were defeated.

In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release; Union forces seized Confederate diplomats from a British ship

Belonging to a period before a war especially the American Civil War

A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848

A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred.

a series of pay cuts for railroad workers led to a strike that spread across several states

1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.

in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing

1902 United Mine Workers of America strike in eastern Pennsylvania which threatened to cause an energy crisis requiring the federal government to intervene on the side of labor (first time)

Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff).

Payne-Aldrich Tariff act; Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy; Trustbusting--Standard Oil; Dollar Diplomacy; Split in republican party (Bull Moose Party) (1909-1913)

No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."

A declaration (1854) issued from ______, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S.

This was a last ditch attempt to gain California for America. Polk sent Slidell to offer a maximum of $25 million for it, but it was rejected by the Mexicans. This prompted Polk to provoke war with the Mexicans.

(1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory.

Fair Employment Practices Committee ; investigated charges of discrimination in army or work places

set of programs proposed by President Johnson to eliminiate poverty and racial injustice.

law that made the states pay back their debts, dem repubs for because they believed in having a larger gov, feds against did not want to pay taxes so the states could pay back debts

1936: , documented huge profits that arms factories made during WWII; created the impression that these businesses influenced the US to go to War; helped turn more Americans toward isolationism

"New Freedom" (Tariffs, Tbanks, Trusts); Underwod Tariff; Clayton Anti-Trust Act; WWI; Lusitania; 14 points; League of Nations; Red Scare; Palmer Raids (1913-1921)

Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax

anti-monopoly law that clearly stated what activities big businesses couldnt do

Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.

New Imperialism; Spanish American War; Open Door Policy; Boxer Rebellion (1897-1901)

(WMc) , an 1898 conflict between the united states and spain, in which the united states supported cubans' fight for indepedence. started because of yellow journalism (Hearsts NY and Pulitzer's NYW) and the explosion of U.S.S. maine

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

1905- the Japanese brought Roosevelt in to negotiate the end of the Russo-Japanese war because they were losing, Roosevelt led the negotiations because he wanted to make sure that Russia didn't fall and leave Japan without a guard, Roosevelt created the Treaty of Portsmouth which both nations signed which said that Japan had control of Korea and Russia didn't have to give up any of its ports

Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them

United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities.

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.

led the Knights of Labor, a skilled and unskilled union, wanted equal pay for equal work, an 8hr work day and to end child labor

Cold War; H-Bomb; Domino Theory; Affluent Society: baby boom, suburbs, consumerism; Civil Rights; Sputnik; U-2 incident; Eisenhower doctrine; Suez crisis

July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power

stock market crash; great depression; Hawley-Smoot Tariff; Bonus Army (1929-1933)

(HH) 1930 , charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliatio, HIGHEST EVER

New Deal; Relief, Recovery, Reform; Isolationism: Neutrality laws; WWII (1933-1945)

WWII ends; Taft-Hartley Act; Desegregation of Armed forces; Marshall Plan; Berlin Crisis; North Atlatic Treaty Organization (NATO); Korean War

Another name for Old English