US History 2

How did the development of the Bessemer process affect the growth of cities? -It enabled the mass production of steel, which was used to build new factories. -It enabled the mass production of steel, which was used to build new universities. -It led to the invention of electricity, which supported expanding factories. -It led to the invention of the telegraph, which made business communications more efficient.

How did railroad expansion affect the growth of major urban centers? -New networks were built in the rural West. -Traveling to and from cities became easier. -Traveling between the North and the South became easier. -New networks linked Canadian and US cities.

The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in -1835. -1859. -1869. -1888.

The main reason people moved to cities during the Gilded Age was -to get jobs in factories and corporate headquarters. -to enable their children to attend universities there. -to discover and create new technologies. -to enjoy different cultural events.

The economy of the Gilded Age was characterized by -economic growth and high unemployment among unskilled workers. -rapid economic growth and social change. -a deep recession in which high unemployment fueled massive and rebellious social change. -slow economic growth and high unemployment among the middle class.

The development of a system of mass production in manufacturing meant that -machines rapidly produced large amounts of products. -products were handmade. -products were made in foreign countries. -individuals slowly made small amounts of products.

The building of a railroad network led to industrial growth because -raw materials and finished products were shipped quickly and cheaply. -finished products were shipped quickly to rural Canada. -finished products were shipped quickly and cheaply to factories. -raw materials were shipped quickly and cheaply to consumers.

Industrialization resulted in what changes to American society? -economic growth and increased urbanization -immigration and an increase in workers' benefits -the growth of public education and urbanization -increased opportunities for skilled workers and women's equality

Population growth during the Gilded Age was due in large part to -unemployment among workers. -an improved food supply. -better health care. -immigration to the United States.

The growth of business led to the development of a new type of business organization called the corporation. Which of the following was a characteristic of a corporation? -Each of the company's stockholders was legally responsible if the company went bankrupt. -Only the owner of the company was legally responsible if the company went bankrupt. -None of the company's stockholders was legally responsible if the company went bankrupt. -The federal government was legally responsible if the company went bankrupt.

Which industry benefited most from the Bessemer process? -petroleum -coal -steel -meatpacking

How did railroad expansion make natural resources more available in the United States? -by increasing the amount of natural resource deposits -by making it possible for natural resources to be transported to different cities and towns -by using natural resources to build tracks and train equipment -by transporting people to cities and towns where they could purchase natural resources

Which best explains how railroad companies were able to standardize their timetables in 1883? -by combining into a single railway company -by working together voluntarily -by unionizing their labor forces -by complying with federal legislation

The expansion of the rail networks led to -a growth in the steel industry. -a growth in the oil industry. -a decline in the coal industry. -a decline in the meatpacking industry.

What industry was most affected by the refrigerated railcar? -meatpacking -textile -farming -steel-making

Which best describes a development that improved railroad safety? -Railroads adopted standard time to coordinate schedules. -Railroads offered fold-down beds so that people could sleep more comfortably. -Companies standardized track technology so that they could use each other's tracks. -Companies replaced hand-operated brakes with air brakes on trains.

The US government gave land to the railroads to help them expand. What impact did these land grants have on industries in the West? -The grants limited the amount of land that was available to industries in the West. -The grants allowed industries in the West to grow because they encouraged settlement and new industrial opportunities. -The grants had little impact on industries in the West. -The grants discouraged industries from moving west because the land was useless.

Railroads not only led to an increase in the ability to transport raw materials, but they also led to a(n) -decrease in the need for raw materials. -increase in the demand for raw materials. -decrease in the uses of raw materials. -increase in the types of raw materials found in the United States.

During the Second Industrial Revolution, which building material became one of the most important in the world? -brick -wood -stone -steel

How was Rockefeller able to build his monopoly across the oil industry? -He found newer and cheaper ways to refine oil, increasing his profits. -He confined his business to Ohio so he could buy all the refineries there. -He bought up oil refineries, cut costs, and reinvested his profits in other refineries. -He began to sell kerosene as well as oil, expanding his market.

How do monopolies affect the price of goods? -Monopolies always result in lower consumer prices. -Monopolies can lower and raise their prices at will. -Monopolies always result in higher consumer prices. -Monopolies have no effect on the cost of goods.

During the Gilded Age, how did the US Congress act to regulate business practices? -Congress passed laws that supported laissez-faire policies to help businesses grow. -Congress was concerned about workers, so they passed laws that guaranteed a minimum wage. -Congress did not pass laws that would control the growth of monopolies. -Congress passed laws that ensured workplace safety.

Why was Carnegie Steel able to offer its product more cheaply than its competitors? -Carnegie introduced the Bessemer process, which decreased the cost of production. -Carnegie cut corners in his production, lowering his costs. -Carnegie could cut his costs because he owned the supply of raw materials and the means of production and distribution. -Carnegie made an inferior product, so it was less expensive to produce.

What is the main reason that the American public turned against monopolies? -They saw the price of goods rise as their wages decreased. -They saw the price of goods rise as their wages increased. -They resented the wealth of the big business owners. -They were concerned about smaller businesses.

What made Standard Oil a horizontal integration monopoly? -It controlled all aspects of oil production. -It owned ninety percent of US oil refineries. -It formed a trust. -It operated all across the United States

What was the main reason that Carnegie invested in the Frick Coke Company? -He wanted to invest in new technology. -He thought he could help the company become profitable. -He wanted to make sure he could always get fuel for his steel plant. -He was interested in the coal business.

Which statement is true about the relationship between a monopoly and its competition in a market? -Monopolies are formed when they buy out their competition in a market. -Monopolies thrive when they have competition. -Competition in the market ensures that monopolies charge fair prices. -Competition in the market helps monopolies to develop.

The Cleveland Massacre was -a takeover by Standard Oil of the refineries in Cleveland. -a labor dispute at Standard Oil in Cleveland that turned violent. -an attempt to stop Standard Oil from becoming a monopoly. -a failed attempt by Standard Oil to take over other refineries.

What business practice contributed most to Andrew Carnegie's ability to form a monopoly? -using profits to support charities in order to greatly improving his reputation -increasing his profits every year -focusing on a single aspect of steel production -combining his companies into one company, and controlling all aspects of steel production

Which of these inventions arose from an attempt to help hearing-impaired people? -the multiplex telegraph -the telephone -the phonograph -the motion-picture machine

Which type of technology did city planners adopt during the Industrial Age in an attempt to meet the needs of commuters? -communications technology -horse-and-carriage technology -railroad technology -automobile technology

Which is a reason people were open to new inventions during the Industrial Age? -New inventions were accessible to all people. -New inventions made life slower and more relaxed. -New inventions made people more isolated from one another. -New inventions made life easier for many people.

Which of these inventions was dependent on Edison's methods of electricity distribution? -the telegraph -the camera -the automobile -the toaster

Which of these innovations was made possible by Alexander Graham Bell? -instant communication over distance through the written word -instant communication between trains -instant communication over distance through speech -instant communication using a special code

Thomas Edison's fascination with what invention inspired him to develop the phonograph? -the incandescent light bulb -the telephone -the automobile -the telegraph

How did Henry Ford affect the automobile industry? -He made car production cheaper by improving the assembly line. -He made car production more expensive by making more luxury cars. -He made car production more expensive by mass-producing vehicles. -He made car production cheaper by using customized parts.

How did Granville Woods improve the telegraph? -He made it possible for the telegraph to transmit speech. -He made it easier for ordinary, untrained people to operate the telegraph. -He made it possible for moving trains to have telegraphs. -He made the telegraph easier to carry around.

When was the first gasoline-powered American automobile made? -the late 1700s -the mid-1800s -the late 1800s -the mid-1900s

How was the telephone different from the telegraph? -The telephone allowed for instant communication over a distance. -The telephone allowed for voice communication over a distance. -The telephone was generally used only in offices. -The telephone was generally used only by trained operators.

What effect did the construction of the transcontinental railroad have on coast-to-coast communication? -The railroad made coast-to-coast communication instantaneous. -The railroad reduced coast-to-coast communication time from about a week to about a day. -The railroad reduced coast-to-coast communication time from about 180 days to about a week. -The railroad made coast-to-coast communication more complicated.

What method of manufacturing, introduced in the early 1800s, made mass production possible? -the use of interchangeable parts -the use of hand-crafted products -the use of specialized labor -the use of expensive materials

Which invention allowed the greatest personal freedom of travel? -the horse-drawn trolley -the automobile -the elevated train -the transcontinental railroad

Which of these inventors most directly contributed to changing the way people functioned during the evening? -Thomas Alva Edison -Alexander Graham Bell -Madam C. J. Walker -Samuel Morse

Which of the following best shows the broad scope of Thomas Edison's work? -His name was on more than 1,000 patents. -He became famous during his own lifetime. -He was a self-taught inventor. -He is still well known today.

The first territory the United States acquired beyond the borders of its 48 contiguous states was -Alaska. -Guam. -Hawaii. -the Philippines.

In order to compete with Western nations, Japan began modernizing its politics and economy in 1868 in a process called -parliamentary democracy -the Meiji Restoration -the Tokugawa Shogunate -feudalism

In 1853, who commanded the fleet that arrived in Japan with a letter from President Fillmore? -Commodore Matthew Perry -Admiral Horatio Nelson -Admiral David Farragut -Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry

At the end of the 1800s, why did people fear that China might be split into different imperialist colonies? -China was losing a war with Japan and the United States. -China was fighting an alliance of several European powers. -China was too weak to prevent other nations from controlling parts of its territory. -China was unable to stop revolts in various Chinese provinces.

How did Japan's 1889 constitution make the country similar to Western nations? -It gave the people a greater voice in their government. -It continued the country's earlier isolationist principles. -It replaced the emperor with an elected president. -It modernized the Japanese economy.

Why did President Cleveland refuse to annex Hawaii? -He felt annexation would be unjust and illegal. -He thought the islands were too expensive to maintain. -He considered Hawaii too far away to govern effectively. -He believed Hawaii would not influence trade with Asia

The country Japan fought and defeated during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was -China -Korea -the Philippines -Taiwan

Which of the following best explains how Hawaii become a US territory? -The US annexed Hawaii in 1900. -The US bought Hawaii from Japan in 1868. -The US received Hawaii from Spain in the Treaty of Paris. -The US bought Hawaii from Spain following the Spanish American War.

Which of the following best explains how the United States acquired Alaska? -The United States claimed Alaska after winning a war with Russia. -The United States purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. -The United States purchased Alaska from Canada for two cents an acre. -The United States accepted Alaska's petition to become a US territory.

According to the Open Door policy, China's ability to tax trade -inspired some countries to levy their own taxes. -discouraged some nations from trading there. -angered Japan and Russia. -encouraged fair trade for all countries.

The Spanish-American War helped the United States -become a strong leader in the Americas. -increase control of South American countries. -increase trade with countries that were enemies of Spain. -prevent foreign expansion into the Americas.

Which of the following describes an effect of the Spanish-American War? -Cuba became a US territory. -Puerto Rico became a US territory. -The Philippines was returned to Spanish control. -The United States traded the Philippines for the island of Guam.

How did actions of the Spanish during the Cuban Revolution affect American attitudes? -Americans opposed the brutal tactics of the Spanish. -Americans felt the Spanish were taking a reasonable approach to the Cuban Revolution. -Americans were happy when the Spanish accepted help to settle the conflict. -Americans thought the Spanish should have negotiated with the rebel leader Martí sooner.

Why were US businesses upset by Spanish reactions to the Cuban Revolution during the late 1800s? -US businesses were afraid they would lose money that they had invested. -US businesses thought that prices for goods in Cuba would go down. -US businesses did not want Spain to become stronger economically. -US businesses were afraid that Cuba would stop trading with them.

Why was acquiring Guam important for the United States in the Spanish-American War? -Acquiring Guam allowed the United States to have a naval base in the Pacific. -Acquiring Guam allowed the United States to export Guam's raw materials. -Acquiring Guam allowed the United States to sell goods to the people of Guam. -Acquiring Guam gave the United States fishing rights in the Pacific Ocean.

The first battle of the Spanish-American War was fought in -Havana, Cuba -the Philippines -Miami, Florida -Puerto Rico

What was the main reason that yellow journalism strongly affected American attitudes about Cuba and the Spanish-American War? -Very few average Americans read newspapers, but most politicians did. -People got most of their information about world events from newspapers. -People trusted the information because the newspapers were careful to print only facts. -Yellow journalism reports featured accurate information from reliable sources.

The main reason the United States decided to build a canal across Panama instead of Nicaragua was that: -the distance to deliver materials from the United States was shorter. -the United States already had control of the land. -the land in Panama had more volcanoes. -the land and building rights were less expensive.

How did the Spanish-American War help create support for building the Panama Canal? -A canal would have helped US ships get to the war more quickly. -A canal would have stopped enemy ships from getting to the war area. -A canal would have allowed the US to build ships more quickly. -A canal would have prevented Spain from fighting in the war.

How were the Latin American policies of President Theodore Roosevelt and President Wilson similar ? -Both concentrated on the importance of democratic governments. -Both pushed Latin American countries to build more schools. -Both supported greater business investment in Latin America. -Both used the military to get involved in Latin American affairs.

What did President Wilson think of the Big Stick policy and Dollar Diplomacy? -Wilson wanted to base his foreign policy on them. -Wilson liked the Big Stick policy but not Dollar Diplomacy. -Wilson liked Dollar Diplomacy but not the Big Stick policy. -Wilson rejected both policies.

President Wilson's policy of Moral Diplomacy concentrated on building -railroads in other countries. -democracies in other countries. -economic alliances with other countries. -military alliances with other countries.

Which action shows that President Theodore Roosevelt did not always rely on military force in foreign policy? -He negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth. -He forced the Dominican Republic to pay its debts. -He suppressed a revolution in Cuba. -He supported the rebels in Panama.

From which country did the United States need to buy rights before building a canal across Central America? -Great Britain -Portugal -France -Germany

How did President Theodore Roosevelt resolve a dispute with Japan over immigration? -He sent the US Navy into Japanese ports. -He stopped discrimination against Japanese immigrants. -He stopped all Japanese immigration into the United States. -He forced Japanese immigrants to return to Japan.

Why was the United States described as a "police officer" in Latin America under President Theodore Roosevelt? -Roosevelt wanted to help Latin American countries develop a better police force. -Roosevelt planned to send police officers to help regulate Latin American countries. -Roosevelt wanted to bring Latin American criminals to the US for trial. -Roosevelt said that the US would prevent Latin American countries from illegal actions.

When the United States decided to build a canal across Central America, Panama was -an independent nation. -a part of Spain. -a part of Colombia. -a territory of the United States.

President Taft's foreign policy emphasized -the strength and influence of US businesses and banks. -the strength of US military forces. -careful negotiations with both allies and enemies. -building democracies in all countries.

Which word or phrase best describes the part of Panama where the canal was built? -mountainous -flat -cool and dry -warm and dry

How did President Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick policy differ from Dollar Diplomacy and Moral Diplomacy? -It emphasized US economic strength. -It emphasized US military strength. -It promoted the strength of US scientists and inventors. -It promoted the power of democratic ideas.

The Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of which of the following policies? -the gold standard -the Dawes Act -the Treaty of Paris -the Monroe Doctrine

What led to the increased popularity of automobiles? -Ford's use of skilled labor to make each car one at a time -Ford's decision to make cars more expensive -Ford's invention of the assembly line -Ford's revolutionary use of the assembly line

How did the Carnegie's purchase of Allegheny Steel contribute to the formation of his monopoly? -The purchase gave Carnegie new access to the raw materials he needed. -The purchase enabled Carnegie to discover a more efficient production method. -The purchase enabled Carnegie to control most of the rail lines. -The purchase gave Carnegie control of coke production.

How did the growth of the railroads affect supply and demand for natural resources in the United States? -The growth of the railroads decreased the supply of natural resources. -The growth of the railroads decreased the demand for natural resources. -The growth of the railroads increased the demand for natural resources. -The growth of the railroads had no effect on the supply of natural resources.

How were the results of the Big Stick policy, Dollar Diplomacy, and Moral Diplomacy similar in Latin America? -People in Latin America welcomed the increase in US investments. -People in Latin America worked to create democracies in their countries. -People in Latin America were angry at US actions. -People in Latin America hoped the US would continue helping their governments.

How did countries throughout the world view the United States after the Spanish-American War? -as a power only in the Americas -as a trading nation with little military strength -as a weak nation that needed to strengthen its navy -as a major power with worldwide military strength

Why did government officials allow monopolies to operate without strong regulations during the Gilded Age? -They believed monopolies would keep competition alive. -They believed monopolies were responsible for the growth of the economy. -They believed monopolies would treat their workers well. -They believed monopolies were the most successful way for businesses to make a profit.

How did the success of individuals such as Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell change American culture? -Their success encouraged people to experiment and invent new products. -Their success encouraged people to start big businesses. -Their success discouraged people from trying to innovate the electricity or telephone industries. -Their success discouraged people from working together to create new inventions.

Why did rebels in the Philippines fight against the United States after Spain lost the Spanish-American War? -The rebels were fighting for their independence because the United States did not give it to them. -The rebels wanted to become allies with China rather than with the United States. -The rebels hoped to take over the large plantations owned by US companies. -The rebels were upset because the United States would not allow them to practice their native religions

How did William H. Seward aid US expansion? -Seward sent missionaries to Hawaii to spread US culture. -Seward concluded the first US treaty with Japan. -Seward negotiated the end of the Russo-Japanese War. -Seward signed a treaty with Russia to buy Alaska.

In the late 1800s, the growth of the railroad system led to Midwestern cities such as Minneapolis and Cleveland becoming -agricultural centers. -unsettled territories. -industrial centers. -lumber centers.

What impact did the expansion of railroads in the West have on the American Indians who lived there? -They were displaced from their tribal lands. -They moved into towns and lived among the new settlers. -They stopped farming and took jobs in factories. -They were forced to move to Mexico.

Why did President Theodore Roosevelt use the Roosevelt Corollary in the Dominican Republic? -Roosevelt did not want the Dominican Republic to attack Haiti. -Roosevelt was afraid American businesses would lose money if there was a revolution in the Dominican Republic. -Roosevelt was afraid European countries would take action against the Dominican Republic if it did not pay its debts. -Roosevelt needed to have military bases in the Dominican Republic to protect the Panama Canal.