APUSH Ch. 29

One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his A. religion. B. public image. C. wealth. D. womanizing. E. lack of resources.

In the 1960 presidential election results, A. John Kennedy narrowly lost the popular vote but won the electoral vote. B. Richard Nixon was soundly defeated. C. Richard Nixon lost his home state of California. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

In 1961, President John Kennedy saw most of his legislative success in the area of A. civil rights. B. tariff reductions. C. improved Soviet-American relations. D. tax increases. E. social spending.

In regards to the assassination of President John Kennedy, A. Vice-President Lyndon Johnson made a last-minute decision not to accompany Kennedy. B. the president died instantly. C. Lee Harvey Oswald was shot and killed while in police custody. D. Kennedy was struck by three bullets. E. the President was shot while in a motorcade in downtown Houston.

The Warren Commission investigation of the assassination of President John Kennedy concluded A. Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of Kennedy. B. Jack Ruby killed Oswald on the orders of an unknown third party. C. An unknown second gunman shot from a "grassy knoll" behind the motorcade. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

Lyndon Johnson was similar to John Kennedy in his A. political career. B. family background. C. active use of power. D. personality. E. All the answers are correct.

The 1964 election saw A. Lyndon Johnson distance himself from the memory of John Kennedy. B. Lyndon Johnson win a decisive victory over Richard Nixon. C. Republicans gain control of the Senate, but not the House. D. Lyndon Johnson receive a larger plurality than any candidate before or since. E. Lyndon Johnson carry the entire South.

In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson's Medicare program A. made benefits available on the basis of need. B. was similar in design to the Social Security system. C. appealed mainly to poor and working-class Americans. D. built on the success of his Medicaid program. E. angered doctors by forcing them to lower their fees.

Only weeks after taking office, President Lyndon Johnson declared a "war" on A. racism. B. crime. C. intolerance. D. illiteracy. E. poverty.

The Johnson administration's Office of Economic Opportunity A. eliminated poverty in many regions of the nation. B. called for the relocation of many of the nation's urban poor. C. was criticized for its absence of minority appointments. D. included a controversial community action program. E. spent less than $500 million in its first two years of existence.

The Housing Act of 1961 provided federal funds for all of the following EXCEPT A. construction of low-income public housing. B. preservation of open space in cities. C. development of mass-transit systems. D. subsidization of middle-income housing. E. the revitalization of decaying cities.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 A. offered aid to both public and private schools. B. based aid on student need rather than school need. C. managed to circumvent objections faced by the Kennedy administration. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

The Immigration Act of 1965 A. ended the strict limits on the total number of immigrants to be admitted each year. B. allowed people from all parts of Latin America to enter the United States on an equal basis. C. had little impact on the character of the American population. D. maintained strict restrictions against immigrants from Africa. E. eliminated rules which gave preference to immigrants from northern Europe.

Great Society reforms A. were generally proven to be cost-effective. B. improved the lives of whites far more than blacks. C. contributed to the greatest reduction in poverty in American history. D. grew in popularity over the next decade. E. made no dent in reducing hunger in America.

In February 1960, the first "sit-in" demonstration protesting segregation was held at a A. church. B. swimming pool. C. movie theater. D. lunch counter. E. bus station.

In the early 1960s, the primary membership of SNCC was A. college students. B. Democrats. C. rural blacks. D. urban poor. E. Catholics.

In 1961, the "freedom rides" sponsored by CORE attempted to A. bring northern civil rights activists into the South to register black voters. B. transport black children to formerly all-white schools. C. force the desegregation of bus stations. D. help move poor blacks out of the South. E. transport black workers to white-only businesses.

In 1963, civil rights activist Medgar Evers was murdered the same day A. a black church was bombed in Birmingham, Alabama. B. a federal court ruled James Meredith could attend the University of Mississippi. C. Martin Luther King gave his "I Have a Dream" speech. D. George Wallace tried to prevent black students from enrolling in the University of Alabama. E. Attorney General Robert Kennedy mandated the integration of bus and train stations.

Martin Luther King's "I Have A Dream" speech A. was given during the largest civil rights demonstration in the nation's history to that point. B. was made shortly after Lyndon Johnson become president. C. saw King call for a significant shift in tactics in the quest of civil rights. D. was made before a joint session of Congress and the Senate. E. was given to commemorate passage of the Voting Rights Act.

Legislation to prohibit segregation in all public accommodations was proposed A. and approved during the Kennedy administration. B. and approved during the Johnson administration. C. by Eisenhower and approved during the Kennedy administration. D. by Johnson and approved during the Nixon administration. E. by Kennedy and approved during the Johnson administration.

The 1964 murder of civil rights activists Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney A. implicated local law enforcement officials in the crime. B. took place in Montgomery, Alabama. C. prompted Congress to pass legislation to end segregation in public accommodations. D. never resulted in anyone being convicted for the crimes. E. led to the formation of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

All of the following was a part of the 1965 civil rights march in Selma, Alabama EXCEPT A. the call for voting rights for blacks. B. the involvement of Martin Luther King, Jr. C. the televised attack on demonstrators by local police. D. the resignation of Governor George Wallace. E. the murder of two northern whites.

The Civil Rights Act of 1965 primarily focused on the issue of A. desegregation of public accommodations. B. voting rights. C. fair employment practices. D. housing discrimination. E. violence directed against civil rights workers.

In 1965, the first major race riot in the United States since World War II took place in A. Detroit. B. Chicago. C. Los Angeles. D. Cleveland. E. Memphis

In the summer of 1967, racial conflicts in the United States A. resulted in more than one hundred major disorders. B. saw forty-three people die in a riot in Chicago. C. went ignored by the Johnson administration. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

In the 1960s, the philosophy of "black power" A. called for an increased awareness of racial differences. B. helped to unite the many different black civil rights groups. C. encouraged greater racial assimilation. D. disavowed the use of violence in the civil rights movement. E. was rejected by groups such as SNCC and CORE.

In 1965, Malcolm X A. denounced the Black Panthers. B. was assassinated by white racists. C. advocated nonviolence to end segregation. D. belonged to the Nation of Islam for a time. E. argued in favor of integration.

In 1961, President John Kennedy believed the major struggle against communism in the future would be waged in A. the Baltic. B. western Europe. C. China. D. eastern Europe. E. the Third World.

All of the following actions were initiated by President John Kennedy EXCEPT A. an expansion of the Green Berets. B. the creation of the "Alliance for Progress." C. the CIA plan to overthrow Fidel Castro. D. the creation of the Peace Corps. E. the creation of the Agency for International Development.

During the Bay of Pigs operation, President John Kennedy decided to withhold A. American ground troops. B. participation by CIA agents. C. military air support. D. the participation of Cuban exiles. E. a planned rocket bombardment.

The 1961 Vienna summit between the United States and the Soviet Union A. was canceled in the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs. B. saw Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war. C. saw President John Kennedy agree not to invade Cuba. D. saw President Kennedy criticize the construction of the Berlin Wall. E. saw both the United States and the Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty.

The 1962 Cuban missile crisis saw the A. Cubans attempt to install defensive nuclear weapons. B. United States order a naval and air blockade of Cuba. C. United States make an air attack on Cuban missile sites. D. Soviet Union launch a missile at an American naval destroyer. E. Soviet Union attempt to invade Cuba.

The Cuban missile crisis ended after President John Kennedy agreed to A. remove American missiles from West Germany. B. restore diplomatic ties with Cuba. C. provide economic aid to Cuba. D. not invade Cuba. E. withdraw American troops from West Berlin.

The correct chronological order of the following events is A. Vienna summit, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuban missile crisis. B. Cuban missile crisis, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, Vienna summit. C. Berlin Wall, Vienna summit, Cuban missile crisis, Bay of Pigs. D. Bay of Pigs, Vienna summit, Cuban missile crisis, Berlin Wall. E. Bay of Pigs, Vienna summit, Berlin Wall, Cuban missile crisis.

In 1961, President Lyndon Johnson's first major foreign policy test came during a crisis in A. Singapore. B. the Middle East. C. the Dominican Republic. D. Brazil. E. Laos.

George Kennan stated the "most disastrous" undertaking in United States' history involved A. Vietnam. B. Haiti. C. Cuba. D. Somalia. E. Korea.

Under the terms of the 1954 Geneva Conference accords, Vietnam was A. permanently divided into two parts. B. to hold elections in 1956. C. to receive military aid from the United States. D. to be controlled by France. E. to unify with nearby Laos and Cambodia.

In 1956, scheduled national elections for Vietnam were cancelled because A. the communist government in North Vietnam refused to participate. B. a leading presidential candidate was assassinated. C. the pro-Western government in South Vietnam refused to hold them. D. the United Nations asserted it would be impossible to prevent election fraud. E. actions by the National Liberation Front (NLF) prevented free and open elections.

In 1956, the United States' interest in South Vietnam A. was nearly nonexistent. B. was mainly to replace the corrupt Ngo Dinh Diem government. C. had made the country a recipient of large amounts of American aid. D. was purely commercial. E. was predicated on Diem agreeing to hold free-and-open elections.

The National Liberation Front was A. created by Ngo Dinh Diem. B. also known in the United States as the Viet Cong. C. an organization attempting to overthrow the North Vietnamese government. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

In 1963, the overthrow of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem A. resulted in Diem's imprisonment and eventual exile. B. was carried out by Soviet KGB operatives. C. brought short-term political stability to South Vietnam. D. was carried out by the National Liberation Front. E. was supported by the Kennedy administration.

At the beginning of 1964, the Lyndon Johnson administration A. sent the first American military advisers to South Vietnam. B. sent the first American combat troops to South Vietnam. C. inherited a substantial American commitment to maintain South Vietnam. D. believed all of Vietnam should be restored to French control. E. began removing military advisers from South Vietnam.

The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was in response to A. alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers. B. a Vietminh attack on an American-occupied air base in South Vietnam. C. mortar attacks on the American embassy in Saigon. D. the decision by North Vietnam to arm its allies in the South. E. the so-called "Tet Offensive" by North Vietnamese soldiers.

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution A. resulted in a U.S. declaration of war on North Vietnam. B. gave President Lyndon Johnson wide latitude to escalate the conflict. C. called for 250,000 U.S. combat troops to be sent to Vietnam. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson responded to an attack on Pleiku by A. sending 250,000 American troops to Vietnam. B. warning China and the Soviet Union not to be involved in Vietnam. C. organizing the Tet Offensive. D. mining the harbor of Haiphong. E. bombing North Vietnam.

In 1967, the number of American troops in Vietnam had surpassed A. 200,000 B. 500,000. C. 750,000. D. 1,000,000. E. 1,250,000.

In Vietnam, the American military "attrition" strategy A. prevented North Vietnam from sufficiently resupplying their soldiers. B. led the United States to abandon its air bombardment campaign. C. eventually broke the resolve of North Vietnam. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

Throughout the Vietnam War, the "Ho Chi Minh Trail" was A. eventually destroyed by American bombing raids. B. continually moved by the North Vietnamese. C. used by American troops to stage attacks on North Vietnam. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

In Vietnam, the American "pacification" strategy A. called for a peaceful settlement with the North Vietnamese. B. eliminated the Viet Cong's ability to attack American patrols. C. was successful in the South, but not in the North. D. was replaced by the more heavy-handed "relocation" strategy. E. included giving Vietnamese villages significant economic aid.

In January 1966, highly publicized hearings airing criticisms of the war were staged by A. Senator William Fulbright. B. Secretary of Defense Clark Clifford. C. General William Westmoreland. D. Senator Robert Kennedy. E. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara.

In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson responded to mounting inflation at home by A. raising the Federal Reserve interest rate. B. agreeing to large funding reductions in Great Society programs. C. reducing the American troops in Vietnam. D. calling for a tax reduction. E. reinstalling the wartime wage and price controls of the Truman administration.

All of the following statements regarding the 1968 Tet offensive are true EXCEPT A. it began on a Vietnamese holiday. B. it saw the communists fighting on the grounds of the American embassy in Saigon. C. it saw American troops inflict enormous casualties on the communists. D. it suggested to the American public something of the brutality of the fighting in Vietnam. E. it saw Saigon fall to the communists.

The 1968 Tet offensive A. was a major political defeat for President Lyndon Johnson. B. was a substantial military victory for the United States. C. permanently depleted the ranks of the NLF. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

The 1968 Democratic candidate for president was A. Hubert Humphrey. B. George McGovern. C. George Wallace. D. Eugene McCarthy. E. Robert Kennedy.

The assassin of Robert Kennedy had been angered by Kennedy's A. association with the civil rights movement. B. statements in favor of Israel. C. attacks on corruption in organized labor. D. criticism of the nation's wealthy elite. E. opposition to the war in Vietnam.

In 1968, anti-war protesters at the Democratic convention in Chicago A. invaded the convention hall. B. forced significant changes to the party platform. C. were attacked by police in a bloody riot. D. went on a destructive rampage through city streets. E. organized a massive hunger strike which drew worldwide notice.

In 1968, George Wallace ran for president A. based on a variety of conservative grievances. B. as a critic of the war in Vietnam. C. as a Democrat. D. until he was wounded in an assassination attempt. E. to draw attention to his opposition to segregation.

In the 1968 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon called for A. an end to the Cold War with the Soviet Union. B. an immediate withdrawal of American military forces in Vietnam. C. a new commitment to effective social reform. D. stability and national law and order. E. diplomatic recognition of China.

The 1968 presidential election results A. were extremely close. B. saw Hubert Humphrey win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote. C. saw George Wallace carry the entire South. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.