What was the objective of the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961?
answer
To overthrow Cuban nationalist Fidel Castro's socialist government
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Which of the following describes the Bay of Pigs invasion?
answer
The invasion was an unmitigated disaster.
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In 1961, a Soviet astronaut became the first human to
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orbit the earth.
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Why did East Germany erect a wall between East and West Berlin in 1961?
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To stop the mass exodus of East Germans to West Berlin
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Which of the following statements describes President Kennedy's flexible-response strategy?
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t met his demand for a wider choice than humiliation or all-out nuclear action.
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The Peace Corps was launched by the Kennedy administration in 1961 to
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allow young Americans to work directly with the people in third world countries.
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How did the Soviet Union respond to increased U.S. production of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and the American nuclear buildup in Europe?
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It stepped up its own ICBM program.
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Which of the following describes the thirteen-day Cuban missile crisis of 1962?
answer
It brought the world's two superpowers perilously close to nuclear war.
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How did the Cuban missile crisis affect the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev?
answer
It contributed to his fall from power two years later.
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Why, despite $1 billion in aid and seven hundred U.S. military advisers committed by the Eisenhower administration, was the situation in South Vietnam still so unstable when President Kennedy took office?
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The South Vietnamese government and army were ineffective, and their corruption and repression alienated their own countrymen.
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The National Liberation Front in Vietnam was composed of
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South Vietnamese under the direction of the North Vietnamese army.
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What was the flaw in American officials' assumption that the U.S. military's superior technology and power would defeat the Communist forces in South Vietnam?
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Their advanced weapons were ill suited to the guerrilla warfare practiced by those forces.
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The purpose of the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was to
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authorize the president to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attacks against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.
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What led Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964?
answer
Unconfirmed information that North Vietnamese gunboats had fired on two U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin
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What did the initiation of Operation Rolling Thunder in February 1965 indicate?
answer
The war in Vietnam had become America's war.
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Why did President Lyndon B. Johnson's Latin American policy generate a new surge of anti- Americanism in that region in 1965?
answer
The United States suppressed an uprising that sought to oust the military dictator of the Dominican Republic.
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Why did American military officials begin calculating their progress in body counts and kill ratios in Vietnam in 1965?
answer
It was impossible to measure military success based on territory seized.
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Who constituted about 80 percent of American troops in Vietnam?
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Poor and working-class Americans
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Of the more than 7,500 American women who served in the Vietnam War, most served as
answer
nurses.
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Why did the U.S. military adjust its personnel assignments in Vietnam in 1966?
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There was a disproportionately high death rate among black soldiers who were serving in Vietnam.
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By 1968, the Vietnam War had
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made refugees of nearly 30 percent of the South Vietnamese people.
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Who organized the first major protest in the United States against the Vietnam War in April 1965?
answer
Students for a Democratic Society
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What was the impact of the American movement to stop the Vietnam War?
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It brought the war to the center of media attention and severely limited the Johnson administration's options.
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Which of the following was one of the practical arguments made by protesters against the Vietnam War?
answer
The war could not be won at a bearable cost.
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During
the Vietnam War, the FBI
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disrupted antiwar work and spread false information about peace activists.
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What position did America's hawks take during the Vietnam War?
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They called for the Johnson administration to apply more force and win the war.
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By early 1968, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara had come to what conclusion about the Vietnam War?
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Intensified bombings would never convince the North Vietnamese to give up.
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What happened during the Tet Offensive of January 1968?
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The Vietcong and North Vietnamese forces attacked key cities and every major American base in South Vietnam.
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What made the Tet Offensive an important turning point for President Johnson?
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It underscored the credibility gap between official statements and the war's actual progress.
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What did the "Vietnamization" of the Vietnam War in 1968 demonstrate about the United States?
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It now hoped to achieve its objective of a non-Communist South Vietnam by relying more heavily on the South Vietnamese.
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What happened shortly after peace negotiations for the war in Southeast Asia began in Paris in May 1968?
answer
Senator Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated.
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Who won the Democratic nomination for president in 1968?
answer
Hubert Humphrey
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The 1968 presidential candidacy of George C. Wallace attracted
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those who were outraged by assaults on traditional values by students and others.
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How did candidates Hubert Humphrey and Richard Nixon differ on the central issue of the war in Vietnam in 1968?
answer
Nixon and Humphrey differed little on the central issue of Vietnam.
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How did President Nixon and his national security advisor, Henry Kissinger, assess the deterioration of Soviet-Chinese relations?
answer
They believed the United States could exploit the conflict between the nations.
