Cold War Quiz

After World War II, the long period of intense rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States.

President Truman's policy of giving American aid to nations threatened by communist expansion.

A wall built by the communist East German government in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from West Berlin.

An alliance formed in 1949 by the United States and Western European nations to fight Soviet aggression.

Military alliance established in 1955 of the Soviet Union and other communist states in Europe.

The dividing line between South and North Korea.

A general who Truman chose to command a force that was sent to Korea to attack after North Korea attacked Southern Korea.

The senator of Wisconsin; he charged 205 State Department employees, and accused them of being communist party members, but they were never proven. Eventually he came across as a bully, and his popularity plunged.

Citizens of the United States who were sentenced to death because they passed atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets.

Soviet Union leader in 1959 who had gained power a few years after Stalin died in 1953.

The person who led a revolution that set up a communist state in Cuba.

Major Cold War confrontation in 1962 --> Soviets building missile bases on Cuba, atomic missiles could reach US within minutes.

A competition for supremacy in nuclear weapons (between United States and Soviet Union)

The world's first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union.

Government agency that directs the American space program.

President who had to decide whether to commit more forces to the struggle in Vietnam. He didn't think it was worth fighting for, and he didn't think they could get out. However, he sent more and more people into Vietnam causing the longest, most unpopular war in American history.

Vietnamese guerillas who opposed the noncommunist government of South Vietnam.

Fighters who used hit and run attacks.

A system of supply routes from the North, which ran through southern North Vietnam, through Cambodia, and into southern South Vietnam.

Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union to limit the number of nuclear warheads and missiles.

He took office in 1981 with the belief that the Soviet Union was the focus of evil in the world. He had a tough anticommunist stand, and he wanted to deal with the Soviets from a position of strength, so he persuaded the Congress to increase military spending by more than $100 billion during his first five years in office.

President Reagan's proposed weapons system to destroy Soviet missiles from space.

A new Soviet leader who rose to power. He believed that only major reforms would let the Soviet system survive. He backed the glasnost, which would lead citizens to find solutions to pressing economic and social problems.

Policy in the Soviet Union of speaking openly about problems.

The conference between the highest-ranking officials of different nations.

Soviet missiles will be removed from Cuba if the US does not invade Cuba.

a wound up toy car (couldn't be stopped until it hit an unstoppable force)

50 years

East (Soviet Union and allies) vs. West (U.S. and allies)

NO

1) Disliked communism and its rejection of religion and private property ownership; 2) Angered by Soviet efforts to overthrow noncommunist governments; 3) Soviets boasted of destroying free enterprise systems throughout the world

1) The U.S., being the most powerful nation, would try to attack the Soviet Union; 2) They would rebuild Germany to challenge the Soviet Union

the promise to hold free elections in Eastern European nations

Because they feared that by allowing European nations to elect their own type of leadership, the new governments would be anti-Soviet and would oppose them (causing challenges for the Soviet Union)

a nation that is dominated politically and economically by a more powerful nation

Yugoslavia

Dictators (citizens who protested were imprisoned or killed)

a metaphoric wall dividing the democratic nations of the West from the communist nations of the East

Stettin (Baltic) to Trieste (Adriatic)

Winston Churchill

Containment

the Cold War Policy of keeping communism within its already existing borders and not allowing communism to spread further

Greece and Turkey

nations looked up towards the U.S. for support in fighting for freedom and if the U.S. failed to provide help and democratic encouragement, the nations would continue with communism and endanger the world

Congress' plan to spend lots of money to rebuild Europe to reduce the treat of communist revolutions in Western Europe

three of four zones in Berlin (American, British, and French) wanted to reunite their zones but the Soviet zone opposed this because Germany would then be strong and might pose a threat towards the Soviet Union

They blockaded West Berlin from the rest of the world

Berlin Airlift (would not trigger war but would provide aid and supplies to West Berliners)

hundreds of American and British planes carried tons of food, oil, and supplies to the 2 million West Berliners everyday (lasted for a year until Stalin decided to lift the blockade because it wasn't working)

West Germany became prosperous thanks to the help of the U.S.; communism in the East was making many East Germans poor so they wanted to flee to the West to prosper too

to defend Western Europe against any Soviet threat

a new world organization with 51 nations who were members from the start; they all agreed to bring disputes before the body for peaceful settlement

fighting hunger, disease, and improving education; providing supplies to victims of famine, war, and other disasters

1) Soviet Union also developed and successfully tested an atomic bomb (U.S. lost its advantage); 2) China turned communist once Mao Zedong took over (communism spread in 1/4 of the world)

the U.S. and the Soviet Union split Korea between themselves after they defeated Japan (because it was a Japanese colony)

Soviet Union supported a communist government in the North; the U.S. supported a democratic government in the South

North Korea invaded South Korea in a surprise attack and took over Seoul (the capital)

UN agreed with him to send troops to the South to fight the North Korean forces; would be led by Douglas MacArthur

MacArthur's troops landed at Inchon (right behind the 38th parallel) and North Korean troops were caught by surprise and forced to retreat back to their territory

China entered the war and their troops overwhelmed the troops of the UN and U.S.

MacArthur wanted to invade China and attack them too but Truman felt that attacking China would lead to another world war which he did not want

Eisenhower

North Korea and South Korea formed an armistice to redrew the border near the 38th parallel and have a demilitarized zone along that border

an area with no military forces

No- Korea remained divided even after the war and communism remained in North Korea

communism in the U.S.

Many employees (especially gov't employees) were questioned and forced to resign if suspected

Joseph McCarthy (a senator) started a scare that there were 205 State Department employees who were communist members; got a lot of people in businesses questioned and fired

he claimed that there were communist members in the U.S. Army; people viewed him as a bully

Nikita Khrushchev

he banged his shoe on the table at a UN conference

Cold War was turning global (U.S. and Soviet Union were now competing for support and influence upon different nations and also upon the UN)

The Soviet Union supported communist rebel groups

The U.S. backed one side and the Soviet Union backed another side (turning local conflicts into international crises)

nations with enough military, political, and economic strength to influence events worldwide

Fidel Castro set up a communist government in Cuba

took over private companies (including many American companies); many higher and middle class citizens fled to the U.S.

Soviet Union

NOT FAR (90 miles from Florida)

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy's plan to round up Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro at the Bay of Pigs

people who are forced to leave their own country

No-- Castro quickly captured all the exiles and jailed up the invaders

major shame and embarrassment; strengthened Castro in Cuba

Aid Cuba in more weapons

Soviets were secretly building missile bases on Cuba

atomic missiles could reach the U.S. in minutes

He got American warships to stop all Soviet ships carrying missiles

Yes, Soviet ships turned back and Soviet agreed to compromise

The Soviets would remove all missiles in Cuba as long as the U.S. agreed not to invade Cuba

YES (tried to contain communism)

Latin American countries did more reforms to improve the lives of their people; in return the U.S. helped by contributing aid to building schools, hospitals, improve farming and sanitation services

American volunteers worked in developing countries as teachers, engineers, and technical advisers

Organization of American States; promoted economic progress in the Americas by investing in transportation and industry

helped train their armies and pressed gov't to make reforms; supported military dictators over communism

Sadinistas overthrew a dictatorship gov't and set up socialism; U.S. supported contras to oppose the Sadinistas to prevent Nicaragua from becoming another Cuba

that if the Soviet Union had enough technology to launch a satellite far enough, then they'd be able to launch atomic weapons at the U.S.

Lyndon B. Johnson

More troops were sent in and the fighting in Vietnam increased

Vietnam was divided with North Vietnam being supported by communist Soviet Union; South Vietnam was supported by the U.S. noncommunist policies

Diem (leader of South Vietnam) didn't help the people and they believed he was corrupt, only favoring the wealthy landlords; an opposition group of peasants formed (Vietcong)

NO (don't wear uniforms either)

North Korea (became communist too)

the belief that once a certain region was infected by communism, communism would spread to regions around that area

They only gave military advise and financial aid; trained armies but DID NOT fight

They actually got involved in fighting due to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

North Vietnamese attacked an American ship

allowed the U.S. to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack or prevent further aggression

Americans attempted to destroy enemy positions rather than gaining ground

The Vietcong would attack quickly, then retreat into the forests or hiding positions and the U.S. found it too tiresome to try and chase after them constantly going back and forth to certain areas; also, the Vietcong couldn't be distinguished from normal villagers and civilians

A lot of troops were needed to fight the Vietcong and North Vietnamese because the war was such a stalemate and many troops were dying easily, so the U.S. needed to force Americans to enlist

A new era of rebellion against traditional ways and opposition groups protesting; "hawks" (supporters of war) "doves" (opposers of war)

Tet Offensive

guerillas launched a surprise attack on South Vietnam and captured the capital (Saigon); took place during the New Years Holiday of Tet

They were able to push back the enemy but still the Vietcong had a major advantage and more Americans wanted to end the war now

Nixon

he decided to intensify the U.S. and South Vietnamese fighting by hurting Cambodia because North Vietnam used Cambodia for escape and for supply routes

Cambodia plunged into a civil war of communism vs. noncommunism

1) The two sides reached a cease-fire agreement and all American troops left Vietnam the next year 2) U.S. still sent aid yet the North Vietnamese still were able to advance; 3)Vietnam soon turned all into communism; 4) Khmer Rouge communist took over in Cambodia

a communist who took over in Cambodia and started a brutal reign of terror on their own people (millions starved to death or killed)

Vietnam took over and set up a new communist government that was less harsh but still didn't end the fighting

1) Split country in half; 2) huge cost; 3) thousands died

1) improved relations with China; 2) used a policy of detente with the Soviet Union

he visited China and talked with the leaders

1) visited the Soviet Union; 2) established more trade and contact with the Soviet Union; 3) SALT Agreement

the effort to reduce tensions between the superpowers

Soviet troops decided to sweep into Afghanistan and support a pro-Soviet government that was taking over (went against all of U.S. beliefs)

The U.S. withdrew their SALT II Agreement; forbade their athletes from participating in the 1980 summer Olympics game in Moscow; supplied aid to rebels who fought communists in Afghanistan

contributed to the Soviet's downfall because the war was so costly

Ronald Reagan

Soviet Union was the focus of evil in the modern world; U.S. must oppose with all their might

1) Asked Congress to increase military spending by 100 billion; 2) developed a new weapons system that could destroy Soviet missiles from space (Star Wars)

urged Soviets to allow Poland to end martial law and restore basic human rights

With so much military spending, there was little spending for the production of consumer goods so many people starved and recieved poorly made products

Mikhail Gorbachev

he believed that by talking about their problems, people would find solutions to economic problems and social problems too

In the past, citizens were silenced for criticism of the gov't but now they could share their opinions

he wanted to cut military spending (had to get on better terms with the U.S.)

by attending summit meetings

INF

Intermediate Nuclear Force; both superpowers agreed to get rid of their stockpiles of missiles and allowed each other to inspect the other side to prevent cheating

he withdrew Soviet troops

communist governments could no longer control the democratic wants of the people because their was too much opposition and the Soviet union had too many of their own problems to suppress the problems of the satellite nations

Poland and they rejected a communist leader

he allowed them to form

went against communist leaders and voted for their independence

in Moscow, he led a protest that forced Soviet troops to pull back

each of the 15 republics declared their independence and the union broke apart

Yeltsin-- ran a free market system and U.S. helped Russia out

1) allowed glasnost; 2) cut military spending; 3)attended summit meetings; 4)got rid of Soviet stockpiles of missiles; 5) pulled troops out of afghanistan; 6) allowed other parties to form

1) Gorbachev's reforms; 2) people no longer liked communism in eastern europe and fought their gov'ts

Vietnam and Korean wars; America divided; large military spending; huge creation of weaponry; other nations used nuclear weapons; communist scare in america