bilateral (bilaterally symmetrical) animals that belong to the clade known as deuterstomia (sea stars and sea urchins)
question
lancelets
answer
develop a notochord, a dorsal, a hollow nerve chord, numerous pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail
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craniates
answer
chordates with a head
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neural crest
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a collection of cells that appears near the dorsal margins of the closing neural tube in an embryo, they give rise to teeth, bones, cartilage
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tetrepods
answer
"four feet"
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amniotes
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tetrapods who's extant members are the reptiles (including birds) and mammals
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amniotic egg
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contains the amnion, the chorion, the yolk sac, and the allantois
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eutherians
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commonly called placental mammals because the placentas are more complex than those of marsupials
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primates include:
answer
lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes
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anthropoids
answer
monkeys and apes
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bipedalism
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the ability to walk upright on two legs
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Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is false?
All deuterostomes have a similar pattern of early embryonic development.
All deuterostomes are triploblastic and have three tissue layers.
All deuterostomes have a coelom.
All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies.
answer
All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies.
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Which structure is not an innovation that occurred during vertebrate diversification?
Bone
Amniotic egg
Jaws
Exoskeleton
answer
Exoskeleton
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True or false? An organism that is radially symmetric has many well-developed head regions.
True
False
answer
false
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Which characteristic distinguishes echinoderms from the other two deuterostome lineages?
Their habitat
Their ability to move
Their body plan
The presence of an endoskeleton
answer
their body plan
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Which of the following statements about vertebrates is true?
The development of an amniotic egg and internal fertilization allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water.
Birds are more related to mammals than to dinosaurs.
All vertebrates have jaws with which to catch their prey.
The development of more efficient surfaces for gas exchange in reptiles stimulated expansion into terrestrial habitats.
answer
The development of an amniotic egg and internal fertilization allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water.
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Which characteristics define a chordate?
The presence of a well-developed circulatory system
The ability to live on land
The presence of four specific morphological traits
The development of an anus from the blastopore
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the presence of four specific morphological traits
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Which structure can be used for feeding and gas exchange?
Dorsal nerve cord
Endoskeleton
Notochord
Pharyngeal gill slit
answer
Pharyngeal gill slit
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Which one of these chordate groups lacks a post-anal tail and a notochord as adults?
lancelets
tunicates
amphibians
mammals
reptiles
answer
Tunicates
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The common ancestor of all these chordate groups EXCEPT the _____ probably had paired appendages.
mammals
amphibians
lampreys
ray-finned fishes
reptiles
answer
Lampreys
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Which of these is the only chordate group that has hair?
tunicates
ray-finned fishes
mammals
amphibians
sharks, rays, and chimaeras
answer
mammals
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Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic feature of the Chordata?
a hollow dorsal nerve cord
notochord
vertebrae
a muscular, post-anal tail
pharyngeal slits or clefts
answer
vertebrae
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A unique feature of craniates is _____.
the neural crest
segmentation
a vertebral column composed of bone
a four-chambered heart
a closed circulatory system
answer
the neural crest
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What do lampreys, sharks, snakes, turtles, and cats have that a hagfish lacks?
jaws
a cranium
vertebrae
a notochord at some point in their lives
legs
answer
vertebrae
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Jaws evolved _____.
by modification of middle ear bones
by modification of the skeletal rods that previously supported the anterior pharyngeal gill slits
from the bony armor of ostracoderms
from arthropod jaws
from the rasping tongue
answer
by modification of the skeletal rods that previously supported the anterior pharyngeal gill slits
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The diagnostic feature of Chondrichthyes is _____.
a streamlined, torpedo-shaped body
a swim bladder
jaws
an endoskeleton of calcified cartilage
a lateral line system
answer
an endoskeleton of calcified cartilage
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Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment?
dinosaurs
amphibians
birds
pterosaurs
mammals
answer
amphibians
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Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates. Which is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle?
lungs
tetrapod locomotion
hearts with more than two chambers
amniotic eggs
All of these are essential for a completely terrestrial existence.
answer
amniotic eggs
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There are three major groups of mammals, categorized on the basis of their _____.
method of reproduction
size
method of locomotion
habitat
presence or absence of hair
answer
method of reproduction
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Which of these primate groups is most closely related to hominids?
apes
Old World monkeys
lorises
prosimians
New World monkeys
answer
apes
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_____ are the oldest known primate group.
Apes
Prosimians
Anthropoids
Hominids
Monkeys
answer
Prosimians
question
The primates that spend the most time walking upright are the _____.
apes
prosimians
New World monkeys
hominids
Old World monkeys
answer
hominids
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Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length?
monkeys
hominids
prosimians
primates
apes
answer
monkeys
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Which of these primate groups lives in trees in Central and South America and have nostrils that are wide open and far apart?
hominids
apes
New World monkeys
anthropoids
Old World monkeys
answer
New World monkeys
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