Chapter 34

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic feature of the Chordata? a. pharyngeal slits or clefts b. a hollow dorsal nerve cord c. notochord d.vertebrae a muscular, post-anal tail

A unique feature of craniates is _____. a. segmentation b. a closed circulatory system c. the neural crest d. a vertebral column composed of bone e. a four-chambered heart

What do lampreys, sharks, snakes, turtles, and cats have that a hagfish lacks? vertebrae a cranium jaws legs a notochord at some point in their lives

Jaws evolved _____. a. from the rasping tongue b. by modification of the skeletal rods that previously supported the anterior pharyngeal gill slits c. from arthropod jaws d. by modification of middle ear bones e. from the bony armor of ostracoderms

The diagnostic feature of Chondrichthyes is _____. a. jaws b. a lateral line system c. a streamlined, torpedo-shaped body d. a swim bladder e. an endoskeleton of calcified cartilage

Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates. Which is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle? a. lungs b. tetrapod locomotion c. hearts with more than two chambers d. amniotic eggs e. All of these are essential for a completely terrestrial existence.

There are three major groups of mammals, categorized on the basis of their _____. a. method of reproduction b. presence or absence of hair c. habitat d. size e. method of locomotion

Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is false? a. All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies. b. All deuterostomes have a similar pattern of early embryonic development. c. All deuterostomes are triploblastic and have three tissue layers. d. All deuterostomes have a coelom.

Which structure is not an innovation that occurred during vertebrate diversification? Exoskeleton Amniotic egg Jaws Bone

Which characteristic distinguishes echinoderms from the other two deuterostome lineages? a. Their ability to move b. The presence of an endoskeleton c. Their body plan d. Their habitat

Which characteristics define a chordate? a. The presence of a well-developed circulatory system b. The development of an anus from the blastopore c. The ability to live on land d. The presence of four specific morphological traits

Which structure can be used for feeding and gas exchange? Endoskeleton Dorsal nerve cord Pharyngeal gill slit Notochord

Some animals that lived 530 million years ago resembled lancelets but had a brain and a skull. These animals may represent a. the first chordates. b. early craniates. c. a "missing link" between urochordates and cephalochordates. d. marsupials. e. nontetrapod gnathostomes.

Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods? a. a salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes b. an early terrestrial caecilian whose legless condition had evolved secondarily c. an early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins d. an armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages e. a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates

Except for modern ethnic groups in ______, the majority of humans appear to have traces of Neanderthal DNA in their genome. Asia Africa America Europe

Research confirms that Neanderthal DNA makes up about ____ of the modern human genome. 1% 4% 10% 25%

DNA was isolated from Neanderthal ____ and sequenced so that it could be compared to modern human DNA. a. bone fragments b. a combination of teeth, bone, and soft tissue c. teeth d. soft tissue

Mating is believed to have taken place between modern humans and Neanderthals in ____ about 70,000 years ago. Asia the Middle East Europe Africa

The Neanderthal DNA discovered in Homo sapiens is best explained by ____. polyploidy gene flow genetic drift a mutation