Biology 211 Ch 32 Review Questions Biederman

4 September 2022
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endothermy
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Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds? -endothermy -bilateral symmetry -amniotic eggs -jaws -bone
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Turtles
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Which of these are amniotes? -Fishes -Amphibians -Lungfish -Turtles
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the amniotic egg
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Which evolutionary innovation was most significant in helping tetrapod move to dry terrestrial environments? -endothermy -the amniotic egg -bone -limb specialization -the lung
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the amnion
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Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo? -the amnion -the yoke sac -the albumen -the chorion -the allantois
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Humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor
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Which of these statements about human evolution is correct? -Humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor -The ancestors of humans were chimpanzees. -Human evolution has proceeded in an orderly fashion from an ancestral anthropoid to Homo sapians -The evolution of upright posture and enlarged brain occurred simultaneously
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False
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True/False There are both marine and fresh-water echinoderms.
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Movement of eye placement to the front of the head
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Primate evolution and behavior, such as hunting skills, have been directed in part by the development of depth perception. What anatomical change made depth perception possible? -A larger brain -Nocturnal activity -Diurnal activity -Formation of compound eyes -Movement of eye placement to the front of the head
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production of amniotic eggs
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Which of the following is found in many tetrapods but not in a fish? -extensive parental care -asexual reproduction -internal fertilization -production of amniotic eggs -viviparity
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True
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True/False Echinoderms have a complete digestive system
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sea urchins
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If a kelp farmer wanted to maximize her harvest, which type of echinoderm would she be most concerned with? -sand dollars -sea stars -sea urchins -brittle stars -sea cucumbers
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non-bird reptiles
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Internal fertilization, a leathery amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of ________. -birds -amphibians -non-bird reptiles -mammals -chondrichthyans
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A sturdy-finned, shallow water lobe-fin whose appendages have skelatal supports similar to those of terrestrial vergebrates
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Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods? -An armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages -An early terrestrial caecilian whose legless condition had evolved secondarily -A salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes -A sturdy-finned, shallow water lobe-fin whose appendages have skelatal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrate​​s -An early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins
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lungsfishes
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Which group's members have both lungs and gills during their adult lives? -alligators -lancelets -turtles -lungsfishes -sharks, skates, and rays
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Monotremes lay eggs; other mammals bear live young
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In what way are monotremes similar to more ancestral chordate lineages, as opposed to more recently evolved mammals? -Monotremes lay eggs; other mammals bear live young -Monotremes do not have jaws; other mammals do. -Montremes perform external fertilization; other mammals perform internal fertilization. -Monotremes perform minimal parental care; other mammals use lactation to feed offspring -Monotremes are ectothermic; other mammals are endothermic
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False; Birds (reptiles) and mammals
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True/False Endothermy evolved once.
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False
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True/False Chordate = vertebrate
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Eurtheria
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What group of mammals have (1) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples, (2) young that feed on milk, (3) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta? -Marsupiala -Monotremata -Eurtheria
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respiring and eating
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If a tunicate's pharyngeal slits were suddenly blocked, the animal would have trouble_______. -feeding and moving -respiring and eating -feeding -respiring -moving
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have some embryonic development outside the uterus
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Unlike eutherians, BOTH monotremes and marsupials _______. -have some embryonic development outside the uterus -are found in Australia and Africa -include only insectivores and herbivores -lay eggs -lack nipples
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ray-finned fishes
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Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates? -insects -ray-finned fishes -birds -mammals -non-flying reptiles
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Notochord and cartilaginous skeleton
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Which two features are possessed by all vertebrates at some point in their life? -Tail and cranium -Bone and a dorsal hollow nerve cord -Radial symmetry and bony skeleton -Notochord and cartilaginous skeleton
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Placental mammals produce small number of large offspring
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How do viviparity and the placenta affect mammalian reproduction? -Viviparity enabled animals to reproduce sexually -Placental mammals produce small number of small offspring -Placental mammals produce large number of large offspring -Placental mammals produce small number of large offspring
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Amniotic egg
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Which structure represents a key innovation that arose during vertebrate diversification? -Bilaterally symmtrical larvae -Gills -Exoskeleton -Amniotic egg
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All deuterostomes have a mesoderm-lined coelom
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Which characteristic is common to all animals in the deuterostome lineage? -All deuterostomes exhibit segmentation -All deuterostomes are diploblastic with three tissue layers -All deuterostomes have a mesoderm-lined coelom -All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry
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Hominins
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What is the name given to the group of species on the branch leading to contemporary humans? -Hominins -Cro-Magnons -Gracil australopithecines -Anthropoids
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Deuterostomes share key features of embryonic development
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Which statement about deuterostomes is correct? -All deuterostomes are vertebrates -Deuterostomes have very similar feeding structures -Deuterostomes share key features of embryonic development -Deuterostomes are characterized by similar adult body plans.
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Chondrichthyes
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"Left shark" is a representation of which vertebrate group? -Amphibia -Actinopterygii -Urochordata -Echinodermata -Chondrichthyes
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A well-developed notochord
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Which of the following characteristics are shared by hagfish and lampray? -A rasping tongue -A well-developed notochord -Wings -paired fins -jaws
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no jaws
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A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics? -endothermy -an amniotic egg -nipples -no jaws -legs
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Northern Europe
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Neanderthals are an extinct hominid species. Some modern humans have a small percentage of Neanderthal DNA, suggesting that interbreeding occurred between the two species. Those modern humans with the greatest Neanderthal DNA have recent evolutionary history on which continent? -North America -Southeast Asia -Australia -Northern Europe -Sub-Saharan Africa
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It made additional food sources available
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How did the evolution of the jaw contribute to diversification of early vetebrate lineages? -It was the first stage in the development in the bony skull -It increased the surface area for respiration and feeding -It allowed for a smaller body size - It paved the way for the evolution of the pharyngeal jaw -It made additional food sources available
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aid in swimming; adults are sessile and thus o longer propel themselves.
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Adult tunicates (urochordates) lack notochords, however, larval urochordates have them and use them to_________. -aid in swimming; adults are sessile and thus o longer propel themselves. -organize their nervous systems; adults' nervous systems are fully developed and do not change -induce tissues differentiation; in adults, the tissue is already differentiated -stiffen their bodies; in adults, the notochord is replaced by a column of bone.
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All reptiles regulate their body temperature from external sources of heat
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Which of the following statements about reptiles is true? -Fertilization in reptiles is external -Reptiles lay their eggs in water -Reptile skin is made watertight by a layer of scales made of keratin -All reptiles regulate their body temperature from external sources of heat
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Lamprays
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Which vertebrates lack jaws? -Ray-finned fishes -Lungfish -Amphibians -Lamprays
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Their fins have skeletal and muscuula​r structures similar to amphibian limbs.
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It is believed that the coelacanths and lungfish represent a crucial link between other fishes and tetrapods. What is the major features in these fish in support of this hypothesis? -They have highly evolved nervous and circulatory systems. -Their fins have skeletal and muscuular structures similar to amphibian limbs. -They have lungs and are able to breathe air when water is scarce. -They enter a hibernative stage when food is scarce, as many tetrapods do. -Like amphibians, they are tied to the water for reproduction.
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Lamprays
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Which vertebrates lack jaws? -Amphibians -Lungfish -Lamprays -Ray-finned fishes
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Marsupial young spend more time developing outside the mother's body than inside
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What is a unique feature of marsupial reproduction? -Marsupial young are born after an extremely long embryonic period. -Marsupial young spend more time developing outside the mother's body than inside -Marsupial females can give birth to many young at once -Marsupial females lack a placenta
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homology
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The evolution of similar insulating skin coverings, such as fur, hair, and feathers in mammals and birds is the result of -homology -evolutionary divergence -convergent evolution -shared ancestry
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Feathers
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What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates? -Flight -An amniotic egg -Endothermy -A four-chambered heart -Feathers
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presence of a notochord
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Which of the following defines a chordate? -development of an anus from the blastopore -presence of a well-developed circulatory system -ability to live on land -presence of a notochord