When does the reproductive system begin to function fully?
at birth
before puberty
when puberty is complete
when there has been intercourse
after menopause
answer
when puberty is complete
*The reproductive system functions fully after puberty.
(17.01)
question
All of the body systems in humans are the same in males and females.
True
False
answer
false
*The reproductive system of males and females will differ. Males have gender specific structures like testes and a penis while females have ovaries, labia, and a vulva.
(17.01)
question
Females undergo puberty earlier than males.
True
False
answer
true
*Females undergo puberty between the ages of 10 and 14 while males are 12 to 16 years of age
(17.01)
question
Which of the following is not a function of the genitals?
produce gametes
transport gametes
protect zygote
produce FSH and LH
produce androgens/estrogens
answer
produce FSH and LH
*The anterior pituitary produces FSH and LH which affect the genitals.
(17.01)
question
How many chromosomes does a sperm contain?
1
23
24
46
48
answer
23
*A sperm contains the haploid number or 23 chromosomes.
(17.01)
question
A zygote contains 46 chromosomes.
True
False
answer
true
*A zygote results from the union of a sperm with 23 chromosomes and an egg with 23 chromosomes.
(17.01)
question
Meiosis is to gametes as fertilization is to
zygote.
chromosome.
egg.
sperm.
mitosis.
answer
zygote.
*Meiosis results in the formation of gametes. Fertilization results in the formation of a zygote.
(17.01)
question
All of the cells in the body, except for sperm and eggs, have 46 chromosomes.
True
False
answer
false
*Red blood cells lack a nucleus and therefore have 0 chromosomes. Liver cells often have multiple copies of each chromosome and therefore have 69 or more chromosomes.
(17.01)
question
Which of the following is not part of the male reproductive system?
testes
bladder
epididymides
prostate gland
urethra
answer
bladder
*The bladder is part of the urinary system, not the reproductive system.
(17.01)
question
Which structure of the male reproductive system is also part of the urinary system?
bulbourethral gland
prostate gland
urethra
vas deferens
testes
answer
urethra
*The urethra is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system.
(17.02)
question
Which of the following contributes to the semen?
bulbourethral gland
epididymides
urethra
penis
vas deferens
answer
bulbourethral gland
*The bulbourethral gland makes the seminal fluid gelatinous.
(17.02)
question
Which of the following is not involved in achieving and maintaining an erection?
nitrous oxide
cGMP
smooth muscle
blood
urethra
answer
urethra
*The urethra is not involved in achieving and maintaining an erection even though it is the pathway through which the sperm are ejaculated.
(17.02)
question
Which of the following are not found in the testes?
follicle
Sertoli cells
spermatozoa
seminiferous tubules
interstitial cells
answer
follicle
*Follicles are found in ovaries, not testes.
(17.02)
question
Sperm cannot develop at body temperature (37 degrees Celsius).
True
False
answer
true
*Sperm cannot develop at this temperature and therefore testes are located in the scrotum which hangs below the body and helps to regulate the temperature of the testes.
(17.02)
question
The end result of meiosis I is
spermatogonia.
primary spermatocytes.
secondary spermatocytes.
spermatids.
spermatozoa.
answer
secondary spermatocytes.
*Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis I to produce secondary spermatocytes.
(17.02)
question
Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hormonal control over the male reproductive system?
The hypothalamus secretes a hormone called gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are present in both males and females.
These hormones are involved in a negative feedback relationship.
Luteinizing hormone controls the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules.
The interstitial cells produce testosterone.
answer
Luteinizing hormone controls the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules.
*Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules.
(17.02)
question
What is the function of inhibin?
It inhibits the secretion of GnRH.
It inhibits meiosis.
It inhibits the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
It binds with testosterone and inhibits it.
It binds with the Sertoli cells and inhibits the production of sperm.
answer
It inhibits the secretion of GnRH.
*Inhibin blocks the secretion of GnRH and FSH.
(17.02)
question
Which of the following hormones is mismatched with its function?
GnRH--stimulates the anterior pituitary
Testosterone--brings about male secondary sexual characteristics
FSH--stimulates the hypothalamus
LH--controls the production of testosterone
Inhibin--blocks GnRH and FSH secretion
answer
FSH--stimulates the hypothalamus
*FSH promotes the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules.
(17.02)
question
Which of the following parts of the female reproductive system is not present in pairs?
uterus
ovary
oviduct
fimbriae
uterine tube
answer
uterus
*There are 2 ovaries, oviducts, fimbriae, and uterine tubes but only 1 uterus.
(17.03)
question
Which of the following is part of the external genital organs of the female?
cervix
glans clitoris
vagina
ovary
oviduct
answer
glans clitoris
*The glans clitoris is part of the external genitals of the female.
(17.03)
question
The oviducts are not attached to the ovaries.
True
False
answer
true
*The oviducts are near the ovaries and have finger-like projections that sweep over the ovaries.
(17.03)
question
Where does fertilization of the egg normally occur?
ovary
abdominal cavity
fimbria
oviduct
vagina
answer
oviduct
*The egg is usually fertilized in the oviduct.
(17.03)
question
A "Pap test" checks for cancer of the
ovary.
oviduct.
uterus.
cervix.
vagina.
answer
cervix
*Early detection of cervical cancer is possible by means of a Pap test.
(17.03)
question
During implantation, the zygote has formed into a blastocyst and can be found
in the endometrium.
in the oviduct.
in the abdominal cavity.
in the labium majora.
in the labium minora.
answer
in the endometrium.
*The zygote implants in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium.
(17.03)
question
How much does the uterus stretch in order to accommodate a growing fetus?
2 times normal
3 times normal
4 times normal
5 times normal
6 times normal
answer
6 times normal
*The uterus is approximately 5 cm wide in its usual state. It stretches to over 30 cm wide to accommodate a growing fetus.
(17.03)
question
Which layer of the endometrium is the functional layer and what does it do?
the innermost layer, basal layer of reproducing cells
the innermost layer, grows in thickness to accommodate the pregnancy
the outermost layer, basal layer of reproducing cells
the outermost layer, grows in thickness to accommodate the pregnancy
the middle layer is shed frequently to maintain a healthy lining for implantation
answer
the innermost layer, grows in thickness to accommodate the pregnancy
*The innermost endometrial lining is the functional layer. It varies in thickness according to a monthly reproductive cycle.
(17.03)
question
The pH of the vagina is basic because that is the pH sperm prefer.
True
False
answer
false
*The pH of the vagina is acidic. However, sperm do prefer a basic pH provided by seminal fluid.
(17.03)
question
The urinary and reproductive systems in the female are entirely separate.
True
False
answer
true
*As opposed to males where the urethra carries both sperm and urine (but not simultaneously), in females the urethra carries only urine, and the vagina serves only the reproductive system.
(17.03)
question
What structure is present within a follicle?
the labia
mucus-secreting glands
an oocyte
the clitoris
vaginal cleft
answer
an oocyte
*An ovary contains many follicles, and each one contains an immature egg called an oocyte.
(17.04)
question
If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, it never finishes meiosis.
True
False
answer
true
*Meiosis II is completed only if the oocyte is first fertilized by a sperm cell.
(17.04)
question
Following ovulation, the follicle
becomes the corpus luteum and produces sex hormones.
disappears immediately.
becomes a vesicular or Graafian follicle.
becomes a secondary follicle containing a secondary oocyte.
becomes a polar body.
answer
becomes the corpus luteum and produces sex hormones.
*The follicle develops into a corpus luteum, a gland-like structure.
(17.04)
question
When does the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle (nonpregnant) occur?
days 1-5
days 1-13
days 6-13
day 14
days 15-28
answer
days 1-13
*The follicular phase lasts from days 1 to 13.
(17.04)
question
During which stage of the ovarian cycle will LH spike?
The ovulation phase
The end of the follicular phase
The luteal phase
The secretory phase
The proliferative phase
answer
The end of the follicular phase
*At the end of the follicular phase, LH will spike, triggering ovulation to occur.
(17.04)
question
What is contained within the polar body?
discarded chromosomes
sperm cells
corpus luteum
egg cell
primary follicle
answer
discarded chromosomes
*The polar body is considered a cellular trash can, holding discarded chromosomes.
(17.04)
question
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
lobules of the testes
ovaries
vas defernetia
urethra
Bulbourethral gland
answer
lobules of the testes
*Spermatogenesis occurs in the lobules of the testes. Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries. The vas deferentia conduct and store sperm. The urethra conducts sperm. The Bulbourethral gland contributes mucus-containing fluid to semen.
(17.02)
question
The product(s) of meiosis I in oogenesis is/are
a primary oocyte.
a secondary oocyte.
a polar body.
1 primary oocyte and 1 polar body.
1 secondary oocyte and 1 polar body.
answer
1 secondary oocyte and 1 polar body.
*The product of meiosis I is a secondary oocyte and the first polar body.
(17.04)
question
Which of the following statements is not true concerning the estrogen spike at the end of the follicular phase?
It has a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus.
It has a positive feedback effect on the pituitary gland.
Gonadotrophic releasing hormone from the hypothalamus decreases.
It is followed by a surge of LH.
It is followed by ovulation.
answer
Gonadotrophic releasing hormone from the hypothalamus decreases.
*GnRH from the hypothalamus increases.
(17.04)
question
Which of the following is not a result of estrogen?
body hair distribution
fat distribution
breast development
milk production
the uterine cycle
answer
milk production
*Prolactin is responsible for milk production.
(17.04)
question
Menstruation occurs during what days of the uterine cycle?
days 1-5
days 1-13
days 6-13
days 15-28
days 28-32
answer
days 1-5
*Menstruation is considered days 1 to 5 of the uterine cycle.
(17.04)
question
If fertilization occurs, the progesterone levels fall to almost zero.
True
False
answer
false
*If fertilization occurs, the progesterone levels rise and stay high.
(17.04)
question
The placenta, which sustains the developing embryo and fetus, originates only from maternal tissue.
True
False
answer
false
*The placenta originates from both maternal and fetal tissue.
(17.04)
question
Which form of birth control is 100% effective?
abstinence
natural family planning
male condom
birth control pills
hormone patch
answer
abstinence
*Only abstinence, refraining from sexual intercourse, is 100% effective in preventing pregnancy.
(17.05)
question
In order to be considered infertile, how long must a couple go without achieving pregnancy despite regular unprotected intercourse?
one year
six months
3 years
twelve weeks
thirty days
answer
one year
*Infertility is the failure to conceive pregnancy after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse.
(17.05)
question
Put the following methods of contraception in order from most effective to least effective: 1. hormone pill 2. female condom 3. spermicide 4. male condom
1,2,3,4
4,3,2,1
2,3,4,1
3,2,4,1
1,4,2,3
answer
1,4,2,3
*Hormone pills are 98% effective. A male condom is 89% effective. A female condom is 79% effective. Spermicides are 50-80% effective.
(17.05)
question
Which assisted reproductive technology involves the maturation and fertilization of the egg within laboratory glassware and then 2 - 4 days later the embryo is transferred back into the uterus?
In vitro fertilization
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Artificial insemination
Surrogate mother
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
answer
In vitro fertilization
*In vitro fertilization involves the maturation and fertilization of the egg within laboratory glassware and then 2 - 4 days later the embryo is transferred back into the uterus. Gamete intrafallopian transfer is the same as in vitro fertilization but the embryo is immediately inserted into the uterus instead of waiting 2 - 4 days. Artificial insemination involves placing the sperm directly into the vagina by a physician. A surrogate mother is when a woman is contracted and paid to have a baby for another person. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is the injection of a single sperm into an egg.
(17.05)
question
Which of the following forms of birth control is a small piece of molded plastic that does not allow the fertilized embryo to implant?
diaphragm
cervical cap
intrauterine device
cervical shield
female condom
answer
intrauterine device
*An intrauterine device (IUD) prevents the fertilized embryo from implanting
(17.05)
question
A tubal ligation consists of cutting and sealing the vas deferens so that sperm are unable to reach the seminal fluid.
True
False
answer
false
*A tubal ligation consists of cutting and sealing the oviducts.
(17.05)
question
What is the most frequent cause of infertility in males?
low sperm count
body weight
pelvic inflammatory disease
endometriosis
tubal ligation
answer
low sperm count
*Low sperm count is the most frequent cause of infertility in males.
(17.05)
question
What does being overweight have to do with infertility in women?
Leptin levels are higher which impacts GnRH and FSH.
The oviducts are blocked.
Uterine tissue is located outside of the uterus causing pain and structural abnormalities.
Follicles are larger than normal and many mature at one time.
The uterus is displaced and the zygote has difficulty implanting.
answer
Leptin levels are higher which impacts GnRH and FSH.
*Leptin levels are higher in overweight women, and this impacts GnRH and FSH levels.
(17.05)
question
During IVF, where does conception occur?
in the vagina
in the uterus
in the oviducts
in the laboratory
in the fimbr
answer
in the laboratory
*IVF stands for in vitro fertilization, and conception occurs in laboratory glassware.
(17.05)
question
How does GIFT differ from IVF?
The sperm come from a stranger.
The eggs and sperm are placed in the oviducts immediately after being brought together.
A woman is contracted and paid to carry the baby.
A single sperm is injected into an egg.
Fertility drugs are used to obtain the eggs.
answer
The eggs and sperm are placed in the oviducts immediately after being brought together.
*GIFT is exactly the same as in vitro fertilization, except the eggs and the sperm are placed in the oviducts immediately after they have been brought together.
(17.05)
question
Which of the following STDs is caused by a virus?
gonorrhea
chlamydia
HIV/AIDS
syphilis
vaginitis
answer
HIV/AIDS
*HIV/AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
(17.06)
question
The treatment available for genital herpes can cure the disease.
True
False
answer
false
*Treatment for genital herpes slows the replication of the virus, but cannot eliminate it from the person's body.
(17.06)
question
What causes genital warts?
bacteria
virus
fungi
parasite
molds
answer
virus
*A virus, human papillomavirus, causes genital warts.
(17.06)
question
Which of the following hepatitis viruses is normally transmitted through contaminated drinking water?
A
B
C
D
G
answer
A
*Hepatitis A is usually acquired from sewage-contaminated drinking water.
(17.06)
question
All of the following are viral infections, except
hepatitis.
chlamydia.
warts.
herpes.
HIV/AIDS.
answer
chlamydia.
*Chlamydia is a bacterial infection.
(17.06)
question
Which of the following is a protist that causes an STD?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Trichomonas vaginalis
Candida albicans
Gardnerella vaginosis
answer
Trichomonas vaginalis
*Trichomonas vaginalis is a protist.
(17.06)
question
Which STD is characterized by a foul-smelling, yellow-green frothy discharge and itching of the vulva/vagina?
yeast infection
trichomoniasis
gonorrhea
genital warts
genital herpes
answer
trichomoniasis
*Trichomoniasis is characterized by those symptoms.
(17.06)
question
STDs caused by viruses can be effectively treated with antibiotics.
True
False
answer
false
*Only STDs caused by bacteria are curable with antibiotics.
(17.06)
question
The development of a hard chancre (an ulcerated sore with hard edges) is indication of what type of STD?
hepatitis
papillomavirus
syphilis
yeast infection
gonorrhea
answer
syphilis
*A chancre indicates the site of infection of the organism that causes syphilis.
(17.06)
question
Bacterial vaginosis is always caused by sexual transmission.
True
False
answer
false
*How bacterial vaginosis is acquired is not well understood, but females who are not sexually active get BV as well.
(17.06)
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